A virtual testbed for the life-cycle design of automated manufacturing facilities

A large-scale automated manufacturing facility employs various types of automated machines and equipment including material handling and material processing systems. It typically involves extremely complicated operations to achieve the desired performance with less or no manual labour. Design of such a complete system requires a series of difficult design and implementation tasks. This paper describes a virtual testbed to support the life-cycle design of large-scale automated manufacturing facilities such as the postal mail process facility and gear manufacturing factory. The architecture of the virtual testbed is based on the extended real-time control system. The virtual environment provides the design engineer with a unique way of considering all functions of life-cycle system support in the process of facility design. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and extent of the virtual design system.     

基于虚拟制造系统的企业集成研究

面对制造环境、制造产品、制造系统和制造过程本身的复杂性,提出通过虚拟制造系统对制造企业进行多方面集成,使其能够根据市场变化进行自我调节、自我完善、自我改造和自我发展。在分析虚拟制造系统功能的基础上,提出了一种虚拟制造系统的体系结构,并讨论了虚拟环境下基于黑板控制系统的分布式并行协同求解以及基于虚拟制造系统的制造企业集成。     

Performance management of manufacturing system networks

Performance management of communication networks is critical for speed, reliability, and flexibility of information exchange between different components, subsystems, and sectors (e.g., factory, engineering design, and administration) of production process organizations in the environment of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). Essential to this distributed total manufacturing system is the integrated communications network over which the information leading to process interactions and plant management and control is exchanged. Such a network must be capable of handling heterogeneous traffic resulting from intermachine communications at the factory floor, CAD drawings, design specifications, and administrative information. The objective is to improve the efficiency in handling various types of messages, e.g., control signals, sensor data, and production orders, by on-line adjustment of the parameters of the network protocol.This paper presents a conceptual design, development, and implementation of a network performance management scheme for CIM applications including flexible manufacturing. The performance management algorithm is formulated using the concepts of: (1) Perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic systems; (2) stochastic approximation; and (3) learning automata. The proposed concept for performance management can also serve as a general framework to assist design, operation, and management of flexible manufacturing systems.The performance management procedure has been tested via emulation on a network test bed that is based on the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) which has been widely used for CIM networking. The conceptual design presented in this paper offers a step forward to bridging the gap between management standards and users' demands for efficient network operations since most standards such as ISO and IEEE address only the architecture, services, and interfaces for network management.This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Research Grant No. DDM-90-15173.     

Intelligent networking architecture: AI in integrating the enterprise

Achieving manufacturing efficiency requires that many groups that comprise a manufacturing enterprise, such as design, planning, production, distribution, field service, accounting, sales and marketing, cooperate to achieve their common goal. The concept of intelligent networking (IN) is introduced as the element to facilitate the integration of distributed heterogeneous functions of a manufacturing enterprise. The integration is supported by having the network first play a more active role in accessing and communicating information, and then provide the appropriate protocols for distribution, coordination and negotiation of tasks and outcomes. The IN is divided into six layers: network; data; information; organization; coordination; and market. Each of these provides a portion of the elements, functions and protocols to allow the integration of a manufacturing enterprise. The first three layers of this architecture are presented. These layers mainly support the management of a distributed knowledge base.     

APPLICATION OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION ACTIVITY CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR SHOP FLOOR INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DIGITAL MANUFACTURING

Shop floor control (SFC) is responsible for the coordination and control of the manufacturing physical and information flow within the shop floor in the manufacturing system. Weaknesses of the production activity control (PAC) architecture of the shop floor are addressed by the Maglica's new system architecture. This architecture gives rise to unlimited number of movers and producers thus evolving more complex but decentralized architecture. Beijing Institute of Technology - production activity control (BIT-PAC) architecture introduces an idea of sub-producers and sub-movers thus reducing the complexity of the architecture. All the equipments including sub-producers and sub-movers are considered to be passive in the proposed shop floor information system. The dissemination of information from sub-producers and sub-movers is done manually through a PC. Proposed BIT-PAC SFC architecture facilitates the information flow from shop floor to the other area of the organization. Effective use of internet information services (IIS) and SQL2000 is done along with the ASP.NET technology to implement the application logic. Applicability of the software based on BIT-PAC architecture is checked by running application software on a network PC that supports the dynamic flow of information from sub-producers and sub-movers to the other parts of the organization. Use of software is also shown at the end for BIT training workshop thus supporting the use of SFC architecture for similar kind of environments.     

Development of a prototype customer-oriented virtual factory system

Current Computer integrated manufacturing/Enterprise Resource Planning (CIM/ERP) systems require harmony and communication between humans and facilities. A user’s preferences should also be considered in CIM/ERP systems. Virtual factory (VF), also known as virtual manufacturing (VM), systems can fulfill the requirements of current CIM/ERP systems. A VF system simulates virtual production in a virtual factory environment on the computer system which allows optimization prior to going into production. In this paper, we defined a VF system as a pre-analyzing system for designing, engineering and manufacturing a product in the enterprise system of the real world. The objective of this paper is to design a VF system and to develop a prototype system that the customer can participate in and be satisfied with. We selected a telephone as a sample product for the VF system. The VF system consists of four subsystems: virtual product ordering, design, manufacturing, and CIM/ERP interface. The prototype system aims to develop a virtual product ordering and design system.     

Development of a prototype customer-oriented virtual factory system

Current Computer integrated manufacturing/Enterprise Resource Planning (CIM/ERP) systems require harmony and communication between humans and facilities. A user’s preferences should also be considered in CIM/ERP systems. Virtual factory (VF), also known as virtual manufacturing (VM), systems can fulfill the requirements of current CIM/ERP systems. A VF system simulates virtual production in a virtual factory environment on the computer system which allows optimization prior to going into production. In this paper, we defined a VF system as a pre-analyzing system for designing, engineering and manufacturing a product in the enterprise system of the real world. The objective of this paper is to design a VF system and to develop a prototype system that the customer can participate in and be satisfied with. We selected a telephone as a sample product for the VF system. The VF system consists of four subsystems: virtual product ordering, design, manufacturing, and CIM/ERP interface. The prototype system aims to develop a virtual product ordering and design system.     

基于变压器产品的动态过程管理系统开发与应用

变压器企业属于单件小批量离散制造业,产品多为定制产品,订单随机性强、不确定因素较多。产品在管理过程中存在产品设计信息的统一和共享困难,项目计划进度无法实现过程控制,无法快速准确的调整计划,在生产制造阶段,经常出现插单,生产计划时常变更,管理人员制订生产计划主观性强,车间计划执行有资源冲突现象。因此,产品研发设计过程和经营管理过程中要适时动态管理,以此提高过程管理的适应性。将项目管理、工作流与生产计划调度结合,提出了基于变压器产品的动态过程管理系统体系架构,并结合变压器企业具体应用,采用JAVA语言和JSP技术开发了动态过程管理系统,增强了企业过程管理的灵活性、准确性。     

面向制造协作联盟的时序约束制造任务跨度研究

针对协作制造联盟的制造任务,分析了制造任务规划与制造资源配置之间的关系,建立了时序约束制造任务跨度模型.从制造任务协作成本、生产周期与任务分解方案3个方面出发,定性、定量地分析了影响时序约束制造任务跨度规划的问题,建立了影响因素与任务跨度之间的数学关系式,得出了最优的任务跨度值.从这些拟定量分析的结果出发,得出一些有益于协作制造任务规划的结论.     

A distributed interconnected control for computer-integrated manufacturing

An innovative control system architecture is considered which preserves the parallelism of the manufacturing operation with the goal of improving productivity through maximal use of resources with varying product mixes. To combine flexibility with efficiency, the expert integrated management (XIM) architecture technology is developed which governs a multiprocess environment with distributed intelligent interfaces and which controls the communication and synchronization tasks for each manufacturing situation. The performance of this distributed interconnected control system is demonstrated with the special purpose expert simulator (XIM-SIFIP), which combines the previously developed simulational facilities (XS-SIFIP, for flexible manufacturing sections and XT-SIFIP, for tool-supplying service) by means of a new information processing device that enables parallel control of the multiagent framework.     

基于多代理的分布式车间控制系统的研究

基于多代理系统给出车间控制系统的体系结构 ,为车间控制系统引入管理代理、任务代理和资源代理 ,各个代理各尽其职 ,相互协调 ,保证了车间控制系统能够在动态的环境下正常运作 ;在分析控制系统中的任务类型后提出了各种任务集合的定义 ,在此基础上给出任务代理和资源代理交互协调的流程以及它们各自的运作流程。     

Performance management of integrated manufacturing system networks

Performance management of communication networks is critical for speed, reliability, and flexibility of information exchange between different components, subsystems, and sectors (e.g., factory, engineering design, and administration) of production process organizations in the environment of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). The objective is to improve the efficiency in handling various types of messages, e.g., control signals, sensor data and production orders, by on-line adjustment of the parameters of the network protocol. This paper presents conceptual design, development, and implementation of a performance management procedure for CIM applications. The performance management algorithm is formulated using the concepts of: (i) perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic systems; (ii) stochastic approximation; and (iii) learning automata. The performance management procedure has been tested via emulation on a network testbed that is based on the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP). The conceptual design presented in this paper offers a step forward to bridging the gap between management standards and users' demands for efficient network operations since most standards such as ISO and IEEE address only the architecture, services, and interfaces for network management. The proposed concept for performance management can also be used as a general framework to assist design, operation, and management of flexible manufacturing systems.     

基于内分泌调节原理的制造任务与资源动态协调机制研究

针对制造系统在动态环境下的任务与资源协调优化问题,在保证按时完工的前提下,分析了制造任务与资源协调优化过程,建立了数学模型。受人体内分泌调节机制的启发,设计了两种可以相互影响的激素(任务相关激素和资源相关激素),同时,考虑到突发事件对制造系统工作性能的影响,提出了基于激素的资源与任务的动态协调算法。实例验证表明,该算法切实可行,具有任务分配质量高、动态协调性能好、协调过程通信量小、控制系统鲁棒性较好等优点。     

桌面式微型工厂原型系统建模研究

借鉴虚拟制造的建模方法,开展了针对以准分子激光直写刻蚀加工为主要加工手段,以微集成机构为产品对象的桌面式微型工厂建模研究,规划了桌面式微型工厂的框架,确定了系统的结构组成,讨论了组成模块的功能、实现方式及不同模块间的联系与集成关系等。     

第七讲:工业互联网软件定义工控网络架构在大型装备行业中的应用与部署

随着软件定义网络(SDN)的快速发展,其在工业领域也逐渐成为一种新的网络构建模式用以取代传统的工业生产网络.本文探讨了利用软件定义工业网络等技术,实现制造单元边缘侧的数据快速采集、分析与传递,打通设备层与生产制造以及研发端的数字链路,建设工厂内网络化集成,以实现大型制造企业的生产车间在多项目管理、知识驱动下的快速设计以...     

支持多联盟的联盟单元多代理系统

动态联盟是实现敏捷制造的基本组织方式。为了从联盟中获取最大利益 ,满足企业的生产需求 ,参与多个联盟是未来企业的发展趋势。本文在分析多联盟环境下联盟单元系统需求的基础上 ,提出利用多代理系统构建联盟单元 ,并对联盟单元结构和代理结构进行了详细讨论。该结构既能完成单个联盟的生产任务 ,又能对单元内所有联盟任务进行综合管理 ,解决联盟之间的冲突     

基于多Agent的虚拟企业调度研究与实现

针对虚拟企业制造环境的不确定性、动态性和复杂性，运用多Agent技术实现生产调度系统的反应性和智能性．构建了虚拟企业生产调度系统体系结构；通过Agent能力匹配来实现任务分解；采用基于合同网的协商和多属性决策来解决虚拟企业调度问题中的任务分配和协作，利用集成的优化算法来自动处理调度优化问题，并进行了原型系统的开发。     

Development of a generative CAPP system for axisymmetric components for a job shop environment

Process planning is a function in a manufacturing organization that selects the manufacturing processes and parameters to be used to transform a part from its initial state to the final form according to the design specifications. It is a bridge between product design and product manufacturing. The activities of process planning include understanding the part specifications or product design data, selection of job material and tool, setup planning, sequencing the operations within a setup, determination of process parameters for each operation, and generation of process sheets. This paper outlines a method to develop a generative computer-aided process planning system for axisymmetric components for a job shop environment. A decision support system is used to perform semi-structured tasks such as setup planning and establishing precedence relationship among various operations.     

Knowledge-based programming tools for robotised manufacturing facilities

Advances in factory automation require substantial modifications of the specification and exploitation of the reference justification knowledge. Specialised functional models have to be developed: for characterising the dynamics of the robotic equipment, for monitoring the working situations, and for integrating the operational abilities required by task complexity. This functional specification is conveniently obtained with knowledge-based structures to maintain a clear-cut distinction between the structural attributes and the procedural properties of the manufacturing facilities. The approach is reviewed in this paper with reference to sets of knowledge-based programming tools, developed by the Industrial Robot Design Research Group of the University of Genova. In the paper, the objectives of computer-integrated manufacturing are referred to the research programme of the group in the areas of CAD, CAT and CAM tools.     

绿色制造技术在数控机床中的应用

文章详细论述了绿色制造技术在数控机床制造中的应用,首先通过对比传统制造模式和绿色制造模式对资源、能源与环境的影响,说明在数控机床制造中利用绿色制造技术的必要性;然后分析了在数控机床制造中绿色材料的选择;最后详细论述面向拆卸与回．收的数控机床模块化设计模型,使产品在材料、结构等方面能方便地进行拆卸、经济地回收,减少使用周期结束后废弃物的产生．达到节约资源、保护环境的目的。