基于自适应阈值改进暗通道先验图像增强技术

基于暗通道先验的图像增强技术在图像的去雾和增强方面具有较好的图像增强效果.针对基于暗通道先验图像增强算法在处理有雾图像存在大面积白色高亮区域时出现的失真,提出了基于自适应阈值的改进暗通道先验算法.该算法在对图像进行直方图统计的基础上,先判断图像是否存在大面积白色高亮区域,并对区域的面积进行标识和统计,得到自适应系数β,再利用该系数对暗通道先验算法进行修正,最终进行对比度增强实现图像的去雾增强效果.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效消除图像去雾过程中出现的失真,提升图像质量,具有较高的实用价值.     

结合K均值聚类的暗通道去雾改进算法

针对暗通道先验去雾算法在处理单幅图像去雾时计算复杂度高且对于天空等高亮区域有局限性而易产生失真的问题,从暗通道模型出发,提出首先利用双暗通道拟合进行透射图估计,然后采用K均值聚类算法对有雾图像进行区域分类之后再针对天空区域估计出大气光强度的算法.该算法增强了图像的细节信息,并大大降低了计算复杂度,且提升了大气光强度估计值的准确性,有效抑制了高亮区域的失真.主观和客观评价表明,该算法能够取得比传统算法更好的去雾效果.     

区域分割优化的暗通道先验去雾算法

较为经典的去雾算法是暗通道先验去雾算法,但该算法会产生天空区域光晕失真现象。为此,提出区域分割优化的改进暗通道先验去雾算法。首先提出K均值聚类分割算法,得到区域类别标签图;以大气光值选取区域为掩膜,求出类别标签图中天空区域的类别标签值,依据二值分类法将类别标签图转换为包含天空区域和前景区域的二值图;然后对透射率图进行区域优化处理,克服暗通道先验去雾算法天空区域低估透射率的不足;最后将有雾图像代入有雾图像退化模型,还原出颜色逼真的无雾图像。利用不同去雾算法进行去雾对比实验,结果表明,该算法消除了天空区域的光晕失真现象,去雾图像细节获得明显增强,去雾效果优于其他去雾算法,实验验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

基于透射率权值因子的雾天图像融合增强算法

雾天图像增强具有重要现实意义。由于现有的图像去雾算法在提升图像全局对比度的能力上存在不足,为此将暗通道先验去雾算法与直方图均衡化算法的各自优势进行整合,该文提出一种雾天图像增强新算法。首先,分别采用基于导向滤波的暗通道先验去雾算法和基于HSV色彩空间的直方图均衡化算法处理雾天图像;然后,基于修正的透射率图构造权值因子,将上述两种处理结果加权融合,得到输出图像。仿真实验结果表明,该算法比现有去雾算法具有更高的标准差、平均梯度与信息熵,具有更好的全局与局部对比度增强效果。算法运行时间主要依赖于图像去雾环节,处理一般尺寸图像能够满足实时要求。     

一种改进的基于暗通道先验知识的去雾算法

针对上述问题首先分析了基于暗通道先验知识的去雾算法存在的缺陷与不足,然后通过预处理把原图像转换成标准图像,接着以引导滤波器代替软抠图来细化信息图以提高算法运行的速度,并调整信息图来改善原算法在处理明亮区域的失真和光晕现象.通过实验证明,改进的暗通道先验知识去雾算法比原算法在速度上提高了84.2%,并避免了对明亮区域的过度处理而产生的失真现象,增强了对色彩单一的有雾图像的处理效果.     

暗原色先验自适应图像去雾方法

针对传统暗原色先验去雾算法存在的亮区域色彩失真、去雾参 数人工设定等问题,提出了一种基于暗原色先验改进的自适应图像去雾方法。首先,提出快 速OSTU法对雾霾图像亮暗区域进行自适应分割,并分区域获取亮暗区域的暗原色值;其次, 根据亮区域分布情况,对不同区域大气光强进行自适应估计;接着,通过分析雾霾图像直方 图特征,提出采用灰度集中度法自适应计算去雾系数;然后,运用色阶自适应调整方法进行 输出图像的色彩调整;最后,通过开展对比实验,验证了本文算法的优越性。主客观 评价结果表明:本文方法无需人为设定去雾参数,具有较好的 鲁棒性,可适用于多种浓度、 各种场景雾霾图像的去雾处理,获取的图像清晰、色彩自然,对比度高。     

基于天空约束暗通道先验的图像去雾

针对现有暗通道图像去雾算法存在的天空色彩失真,景物边缘光晕效应等问题,本文提出了基于暗通道理论的改进去雾算法.由于暗原色先验理论不适用于天空区域,本文将引导滤波用于天空区域的细化分割,准确估计包含天空区域图像的大气光照强度,解决了天空色彩失真问题;其次,利用中值滤波得到详细边缘信息,进而得到更为清晰的透射率,有效抑制了景物边缘光晕问题;最后针对去雾后图像偏暗的问题,在HSV空间对亮度分量V通道进行增强处理.实验结果表明,针对带雾图像,本文算法能够有效地去雾,改善天空区域色彩失真以及景物边缘光晕问题.     

基于超像素暗通道和自动色阶优化的图像去雾算法

针对暗通道先验(dark channel prior, DCP)复原图像中的光晕现象、明亮区域色彩失真、环境光估计不准确等问题,提出了基于超像素暗通道和自动色阶优化的单幅图像去雾算法。首先,由改进的White Patch Retinex算法增强图像并计算精确环境光。接着,在传统暗通道去雾算法中引入超像素图像分割和引导滤波算法,使透射率估计的稳健性与精确性得以提升。然后,采用自适应容差对明亮区域的透射率进行补偿,有效抑制明亮区域色彩失真问题。最后,以自动色阶优化算法提高图像对比度。将本文去雾算法与其他算法从主观和客观两个维度进行比较,实验结果表明：采用不同算法对不同浓度的自然雾图进行对比实验,信息熵提高0.2 bit,峰值信噪比(peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)提高0.8 dB,运行效率提高。该算法对不同浓度含雾图像具有良好的适应性,复原图像色彩真实、纹理清晰、细节丰富,去雾效果良好。     

基于快速引导滤波改进的暗原色先验去雾算法

针对目前单幅雾霾降质图像存在大面积天空域,导致暗原色失效复原图像失真以及去雾时间复杂度高的问题.提出一种基于暗原色先验和快速引导滤波的去雾方法,针对存在高亮天空域图像多尺度滤波采用自适应阈值分割得到天空域,在天空域求取精确大气光值,再将天空域和非天空域透射率有效归一化,最后采用暗通道图作为引导图快速引导滤波精细化透射率,最大限度保留边缘细节的同时有效降低时间复杂度.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效处理天空域,保持色彩和细节信息,在算法实时性上有明显优势.     

基于暗原色优化算法的去雾研究

针对基于传统的暗原色先验去雾算法中,由于某些场景下的雾天图像存在大面积明亮区域无法满足暗原色先验的假设,导致去雾效果不佳。文中就此问题提出了一种改进的去雾算法,基于McCartnet的理论建立大气散射模型,根据暗通道理论粗略估计透射率,之后引入容差参数并设置阈值,重新计算明亮区域的透射率,从而实现对明亮区域透射率的自校正。针对于复原图像色彩较暗的问题,采用改进的线性亮度调整方法来调节图像的亮度。实验结果显示,相较于原算法而言,改进算法可以有效的对大气光值进行估计,降低明亮区域的色彩失真,复原的图像可以保持足够的亮度,同时不丢失图像的细节,视觉效果显著提高。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks