应用双稀疏模型和ADMM优化的图像复原

基于稀疏表示的图像复原算法大都只利用了图像整体稀疏性和局部稀疏性中的一种,未充分利用图像的先验知识,基于此,本文在稀疏表示框架下,同时引入Cosparse解析模型及平移不变小波变换两种稀疏模型,前者对每个图像块进行稀疏表示,后者对整幅图像进行稀疏表示,从而提出一种新的图像复原算法。该算法将图像复原问题归结为双稀疏正则化问题。为求解复杂的双稀疏优化问题,本文运用交替方向乘子法 (ADMM, Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers)算法将该约束优化问题分解为若干子问题,通过交替迭代求解获得复原图像。实验中对不同类型的模糊图像进行了复原,其结果表明该算法对于各类模糊图像的复原比现有复原算法效果更好,从而验证了算法的有效性。      

改进的混合MAP-POCS超分辨率图像复原算法研究

超分辨率图像复原技术在不改变硬件的条件下可提高成像系统获取图像的分辨率。研究了图像退化机理,建立了精确的图像退化过程模型,提出一种改进的混合MAP-POCS复原算法,将POCS的凸集约束条件加入到MAP估计过程中。运用峰值信噪比(PSNR)等评价手段对复原图像进行质量评价。仿真结果表明,改进的混合复原算法能够有效地保证复原求解的收敛性并保持复原图像的边缘细节,提升了超分辨率的复原效果。     

基于卷积稀疏自编码的图像超分辨率重建

针对卷积稀疏编码算法中特征映射的准确性的问题,为了进一步提高图像超分辨率重建的的质量,文中提出一种基于卷积稀疏自编码的图像超分辨率重建算法。该算法首先在预训练阶段利用稀疏自编码器对输入高低分辨率图像分别进行训练,得到对应的图像稀疏特征表示;然后再由卷积神经网络根据得到的稀疏系数共同训练相应的滤波器及特征映射函数并更新到最优解;最后由高分辨率滤波器和对应的稀疏表示系数卷积求和,得到高分辨率重建图像估计。实验结果显示,改进算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR）结果较卷积稀疏编码算法提高了近0.1 dB,有效提高了重建图像的质量。     

基于稀疏表示的超分辨率图像重建

针对单幅低分辨率图像的超分辨率重建,提出一种基于稀疏表示的改进算法。通过联合输入低分辨率图像块和对应生成的高分辨率图像块,求解其在高低分辨率字典对上的稀疏表示系数,再将系数与高分辨率字典结合,修正输出的高分辨率图像块。仿真实验表明,文中提出的算法有效提升了重建图像的质量。     

基于专家场先验模型的图像超分辨重建算法

为了进一步提高图像超分辨率重建的质量,针对非局部集中稀疏表示算法中重建图像的噪声问题,提出了一种基于专家场先验模型的图像超分辨率重建改进算法。首先,利用专家场模型从图像训练集中学习整幅图像的先验知识建立全局先验模型;然后将学习到的先验信息用于非局部集中稀疏表示模型求解最优稀疏表示系数;最后,得到高分辨率图像估计。该算法在超分辨率重建迭代运算的同时,同步更新专家场模型参数,因此在不显著增加运算复杂度的情况下,通过选取合适的先验约束,有效地增强了图像重建的效果。实验结果表明:相比非局部集中稀疏表示算法,文中算法对无噪和有噪降质图像均能取得较好的峰值信噪比结果,并且能够进一步提高有噪图像的去噪效果。     

使用改进的POCS算法的超分辨率图像复原

超分辨率复原技术的基本思想就是采用信号处理的方法,在改善图像质量的同时,重建成像系统截至频率外的信息。POCS（凸集投影）算法是一种广泛应用于图像超分辨率复原的方法。针对传统的POCS算法的边缘振荡效应,在分析其产生的原因．造成的影响的基础上,采用改进的POCS算法,以减少边缘振荡。采用基于小波变换模极大值的改进POCS算法进行图像超分辨率复原。实验结果表明,该方法有效的较少了复原图像的边缘振荡效应,是一种有效的图像超分辨率复原方法。     

基于稀疏表示的图像超分辨率重建算法

文中提出一种基于图像块稀疏表示的单幅图像超分辨率重建方法。所提出的重建过程提供了一个更好的稀疏解决方案,即L1范数优化过程。在优化过程中,利用高效的特征提取算子保证了高分辨率图像块的准确性。最后,利用粒子群优化算法选择最佳自适应稀疏正则化参数,使全局重建过程具有鲁棒性。目前使用字典耦合的训练方式学习字典。各种图像质量评价标准证明该方法相对于现有的超分辨率重建方法有很大的优越性。     

基于针对性字典的压缩图像稀疏超分辨率重建

为了有效地重建压缩低分辨率图像,提出一种基于针对性字典的压缩图像稀疏超分辨率重建算法.首先,根据压缩低分辨率图像的形成特点,对训练库图像进行针对性的下采样压缩编码处理,进行超完备字典的训练;然后,通过训练所得的针对性字典对压缩低分辨率图像进行稀疏表示的超分辨率重建.为进一步恢复图像的高频信息,进行了针对性残差字典训练,并对图像进行高频信息补偿,得到稀疏重建后的图像主观效果更加突出,客观评价参数也得到较大提升.实验结果表明,该算法对压缩图像的超分辨率重建更具针对性,具有良好鲁棒性和高效性.     

基于稀疏表征的图像超分辨算法研究

超分辨率图像恢复的目的是由低分辨率图像得到高分辨率图像,通常需要多幅或者一系列连续低分辨率图像．在有限的条件下很难得到。针对单幅图像超分辨问题,结合当前比较先进的稀疏表征方法,利用训练集图像的先验信息．对单幅图像进行超分辨率恢复。结合当前先进的基于稀疏表征的超分辨算法,采用误差反投影方法,提出一种改进的算法．对超分辨率...     

一种基于权值矩阵的序列图像超分辨率盲复原算法

 建立准确的观测模型是提高现有超分辨率复原算法性能的关键.本文提出一种基于权值矩阵的超分辨率盲复原算法:定义了一种新的基于权值矩阵和运动补偿矩阵的观测模型,在最大后验概率框架下,采用交替最小化方法对权值矩阵和高分辨率图像进行联合优化求解.静止和动态图像序列的测试结果表明,该方法能够实现对低分辨率图像降质过程的准确描述,其复原性能明显优于传统基于理想观测模型的算法,部分结果甚至超过了观测模型已知的算法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.