Effect of rice bran fibre on the quality of rice pasta

This study investigated the effects of rice bran fibre (RBF) on the properties of rice pasta by extrusion processing. As the level of RBF increased, the content of total dietary fibre (TDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF) increased, respectively. The difference in the content of ΔIDF between before and after extrusion decreased from 1.01% to 0.69% and that of ΔSDF decreased from 1.06% to 0.55%. Depending on the increasing level of RBF, the water absorption index decreased and water solubility index increased, respectively. The crystallinity of newly formed crystals decreased from 21.43% to 18.66% as the level of RBF increased. Adding RBF darkened the colour of rice pasta and reduced its hardness and chewiness. The cooking loss (CL) increased significantly compared with the control (0% RBF). The results indicate that rice pasta with extra RBF (up to 15%) can provide an acceptable quality product with a satisfactory colour and CL.     

Quality characteristics of dried pasta enriched with buckwheat flour

The addition of pseudocereal flours to semolina is becoming more and more popular to improve the nutritional quality of the resultant pasta. The aim of this study was the evaluation of several properties of commercial pasta made from a mixture of buckwheat flour and durum wheat semolina. The characterisation of products, belonging to different producers, focused on the evaluation of chemical and physical properties, such as water uptake and mechanical properties before and after cooking and surface characteristics. A sensory analysis was also performed in order to evaluate firmness, resistance to breaking and overall acceptability. The results highlighted high heterogeneity of the mechanical properties, solid loss and water absorption among the samples. The great variability could be explained by the different processing conditions adopted by each producer, particularly by the procedure used to form and shape the dough into the final product.     

Quality characterization of pasta enriched with mustard protein isolate

ABSTRACT:  Mustard protein isolate (MPI) prepared by steam injection heating for removal of antinutritional factors was used at different levels, including 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, for supplementation of pasta products. The effects of supplementation levels on rheological properties of pasta dough and chemical composition, and cooking, nutritional, and color characteristics of dried samples were evaluated. The results showed that as the supplementation level increased, the dough development time (DDT) increased from 3.5 min in the control to 13.8 min in 10% supplementation level. Maximum consistency (MC) increased from 351 farinograph units (FU) in the control to 371 and 386 FU in 2.5% and 5% supplementation levels, respectively, but decreased to 346 FU in 10% supplementation level. Mixing tolerance index (MTI) decreased as the supplementation increased. The most pronounced effect of enrichment on chemical composition was the increase in protein content; the increase was around 4.5% with supplementation of each 5% MPI in pasta formulation. Study of cooking characteristics of enriched pasta samples showed that cooked weight, cooking loss, protein loss, and stickiness decreased and firmness increased as the supplementation level increased. The nutritional properties of sample showed that enrichment of semolina with MPI had a pronounced effect on lysine, cysteine, arginine, and histidine contents. All computed nutritional indices were higher in enriched samples compared to the control. Color measurement of sample showed that a and b values increased and L value decreased as the supplementation level increased. The SEM of different samples shows that enrichment of pasta with MPI increases the matrix around starch granules.     

高酸值米糠油制备富含甘二酯油脂

研究了高酸值米糠油制备富含甘二酯油脂的工艺,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,影响产物中甘二酯含量的因素依次为底物摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂添加量;通过正交试验得到优化工艺条件为:反应时间4h,反应温度230℃,催化剂添加量0.2%,底物摩尔比1∶1。在该条件下做验证试验,得到产物中甘二酯的含量为46.46%,底物油脂的酸值(KOH)由33.5mg/g降至2.3mg/g。     

Optimized preparation of anthocyanin-rich extract from black rice and its effects on in vitro digestibility

Food Science and Biotechnology - The procedure for obtaining anthocyanin-enriched extracts from black rice was optimized by response surface methodology, and the effects of the optimized extract on...     

Comparative studies on major nutritional components of black waxy rice with giant embryos and its rice bran

The concentration of nutrients in brown rice is mainly associated with embryo size. Various beneficial components have been purified from rice bran. Recently developed black waxy rice with a giant embryo (‘Milyang 263’, BGE), which is the ge ^t mutant of the GE gene, was selected and analyzed to produce high quality nutritional components. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in BGE rice bran, one of the most important nutritional compounds in rice, showed a 10.6-fold increase (2.66±0.48 mg/g) compared to that of BGE brown rice (0.25±0.01 mg/g). In addition, brown rice and BGE rice bran showed enriched amylopectin (94.5±0.5 and 97.0±0.0%) and bioactive anthocyanin [Cy-3-G: 75.15±4.18 (brown rice), 82.97±0.81 (rice bran) and Pn-3-G: 1.52±0.50 (brown rice), 4.33±0.20 (rice bran); mg/100 g] contents. These results suggest that BGE rice bran can be used as an excellent raw material to efficiently produce high quality essential amino acids, cyanidin-3 glycoside-enriched anthocyanins, and GABA.     

黑米糠的营养价值及在运动食品中的开发应用

对黑米糠中10种运动营养成分的分析表明,黑米糠是潜在的运动营养食品原料.黑米糠的功效研究主要集中在对花青苷的功效研究,现有研究结论显示黑米糠具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、抗炎、提高免疫力和清除自由基的活性.提出8个黑米糠相关的运动食品的研发途径,旨在引起体育科研工作者对黑米糠的关注,为运动食品增添新成员,同时为黑米糠资源的利用提供新途径.     

微波加热钝化黑米糠过氧化物酶

采用微波加热法,以过氧化物酶残余活力为指标,通过单因素和正交实验得出微波钝化黑米糠过氧化物酶的最佳条件为:黑米糠含水量26%、加热时间105s、加热功率900W,该优化条件下过氧化物酶残余活力为0.5%。旨在为黑米糠工业化开发提供基础科学依据。      

pH梯度结合逆相蒸发法制备黑米麸皮花青素脂质体的研究

以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇混合物为壁材,采用p H梯度结合逆相蒸发法制备黑米麸皮花青素脂质体,利用单因素实验,得到影响花青素脂质体包封率的三个显著性因素:大豆卵磷脂与胆固醇摩尔比（nSPC/nCH）、有机相与水相体积比（VOP/VAP）和磷酸缓冲液浓度（mmol/L）。根据中心组合（Box-Behnken）实验设计原理,采用响应面分析法对花青素脂质体的制备工艺进行了优化,结果得到花青素脂质体最佳制备工艺参数为:nSPC/nCH=3.29/1,VOP/VAP=3.16/1,磷酸缓冲液浓度为5.21 mmol/L。在最优条件下进行验证实验,得到花青素脂质体包封率达54.97%,所制备的花青素脂质体平均粒径为234 nm,Zeta电位为-25.0 m V。      

国内外米糠油品质的研究

旨在改善国内市售米糠油品质,选取11种国内外来源的米糠油,对其基本理化性质、脂肪酸及甘油酯组成、生物活性成分及有害物质含量进行测定。结果表明：不同来源的米糠油酸值、过氧化值、色泽等基本理化指标均符合国标限定要求;不同来源米糠油脂肪酸组成差别不大,甘油酯组成差异明显;不同来源米糠油中生物活性成分含量差异较大,谷维素含量在3 200~26 000 mg/kg范围内,植物甾醇含量在224~5 197 mg/kg范围内,生育酚含量在35~400 mg/kg范围内,角鲨烯含量在1~12 mg/kg范围内;不同来源米糠油塑化剂及苯并（a）芘含量均符合国标限定要求,然而国产的米糠油中3-氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯含量远超欧盟标准。国内米糠油加工企业应改进生产工艺,减少精炼过程中氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯的生成。     

黑糯米酒及黑糯米保健酒品质分析

为了分析比较黑糯米酒及黑糯米保健酒品质,通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法及超高效液相色谱-四级杆-轨道阱高分辨质谱联用（UPLC-QE-MS）法检测两种酒的挥发性成分及化学成分。GC-MS分析结果表明,两种酒中共检出53种挥发性物质,其中黑糯米保健酒45种,其主体风味成分为醇类（39.52%）、酮类（19.47%）、醛类（15.08%）、酸类（9.61%）;黑糯米酒47种,其主体风味成分为醇类（57.28%）、醛类（13.16%）、酮类（11.36%）。UHPLC-MS/MS分析结果表明,两种酒中共检出534种化学成分,黑糯米保健酒529种,黑糯米酒527种,两者主体化学成分均为氨基酸（42.67%;37.71%）和酸类（20.38%;18.43%）。与黑糯米酒相比,黑糯米保健酒中黄酮类物质增加30余倍,其特有成分为雌马酚、大豆苷元和甘草酸,含量较大的成分为羟基香豆素和乙酰胆碱。     

Biological quality and safety assessment of rice bran protein isolates

Three stabilisation techniques, microwave, dry heat and parboiling were applied to bran followed by enzymatic extraction, biological quality through growth and nitrogen balance study and safety assessment through 45 days feeding trial. Traits linked with protein bio‐evaluation were affected significantly by the test diets (P < 0.05), growth study parameters during the experimental remained as; PER from 1.97 to 2.18 with higher value for microwave stabilised protein isolates, net protein ratio of 4.43–5.14. Nitrogen balance study parameters too were better in microwave and dry heat stabilised protein isolates, while the lowest values were observed for parboiled protein isolates; true digestibility was within the range of 76.0–86.11% and biological value of extracted isolates was within the upper and lower limit of 78.57–88.23. No general ill effects were observed during the safety evaluation trial as the serum biochemical profile and organ to body weight ratio exhibited normal metabolic activity. Findings of current study are supportive for the suggestion that these extracted isolates can be safely used for variety of foods especially the designed formulations for protein deficient vulnerable groups especially from low socio‐economic countries.     

高温米糠粕制备米糠多肽的研究

以高温米糠粕为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制取米糠蛋白,并将米糠蛋白用碱性蛋白酶水解制备米糠多肽。在单因素实验的基础上,通过二次回归正交旋转组合设计确定最佳的水解条件为：水解温度55℃,加酶量0.3%（占高温米糠粕的质量）,pH 9.6,水解时间3 h。在最佳水解条件下,米糠蛋白水解度为10.3%。所得米糠多肽粗蛋白含量为85.7%,蛋白质分散指数（PDI）为76.4%,氮溶解指数（NSI）为64.1%,相对分子质量在180～3 000之间的米糠多肽占78.88%。     

以稻米油为基油的煎炸调和油品质研究

以稻米油、棕榈油(24℃)和棉籽油为原料调配以稻米油为基油的煎炸调和油,并对其品质进行研究。通过对调和油脂肪酸组成和氧化稳定性的检测,确定稻米调和油配方。在土豆条连续煎炸试验中,对比稻米油和稻米调和油在煎炸过程中理化指标(酸价、过氧化值、碘值、极性组分含量)和营养物质(脂肪酸组成及维生素E、植物甾醇、谷维素含量)变化,综合评估其煎炸性能。结果表明:稻米油含量低于70%的调和油多不饱和脂肪酸含量不超过30%,氧化诱导时间最长的是稻米油含量为60%的调和油(配方2),其次为稻米油含量为50%的调和油(配方1);稻米油、调和油(配方1、配方2)在煎炸30 h后,酸价(KOH)分别增加了1.01、1.21、1.19 mg/g;与配方1相比,配方2的过氧化值初始值(1.78 g/100 g)和峰值(7.48 g/100 g)较小;煎炸30 h,稻米油的碘值(I)从101.66 g/100 g降低到90.57 g/100 g,降幅为10.91%,配方1的碘值(I)从80.23 g/100 g降低到76.34 g/100 g,降幅为4.85%,配方2的碘值(I)从84.56 g/100 g降低到79.47 g/100 g,降幅为6.02%;稻米调和油的极性组分含量超标时间延长,饱和脂肪酸增长率较稻米油低,而多不饱和脂肪酸的降幅略高于稻米油;稻米调和油较稻米油的维生素E损耗率高。综合来看,稻米调和油的煎炸稳定性较好,并且也一定程度保留了稻米油的营养特性,配方2的煎炸性能更为优越。     

热稳定米糠粕和米糠低温浸出粕制备米糠蛋白的对比研究

为探讨热稳定米糠粕和米糠低温浸出粕制备米糠蛋白的差异,测定了两种原料所得米糠蛋白的乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性和泡沫稳定性,分析了热稳定米糠粕制得的米糠蛋白和米糠低温浸出粕制得的米糠蛋白的溶解性能差异和氨基酸组成变化,并利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了其蛋白质结构的差异。结果表明:两种原料制得的米糠蛋白的功能特性差别不大,但以热稳定米糠粕为原料制得的米糠蛋白的蛋白质含量低于以米糠低温浸出粕为原料制得的米糠蛋白的;热稳定米糠粕制得的米糠蛋白的溶解性比米糠低温浸出粕制得的米糠蛋白的溶解性差,胱氨酸含量的提高和蛋白质结构的变化可能是热稳定米糠粕溶解性相对较差的原因。     

Structural and functional characterisation of compositionally optimised rice bran and lingonberry dietary fibre-based gel-type product enriched with phytochemicals

In this study, the model gel-type delivery system containing rice bran (RB), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) press cake (LPC) and thyme essential oil (Thymus vulgaris L.), was developed and evaluated by their texture, gelation rate and antioxidant activity changes during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. For the structuring of the gel-type RB-LPC matrix, a high-intensity ultrasound (850 kHz; 1.3 W cm⁻²) treatment at 40 °C was applied. The release of total phenols and flavonoids was measured during digestion process by a spectrophotometric method and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), respectively. The contributions of xanthan and alginate as gelling agents to improve the stability of the gel texture protecting it from fast degradation under gastrointestinal digestion enable a controlled release of antioxidants, thus improving their biodistribution. Storage temperature influenced the reduction of antioxidant activity in gels depending on stabiliser used, with the lowest values from those with alginate when stored for 28 days at 4 °C. This knowledge can be used to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate plant polysaccharide-based delivery system for specific applications.