热风干燥和微波干燥对草鱼肉品质的影响

目的 研究微波干燥和热风干燥对草鱼片品质的影响。方法 采用50℃热风干燥和400 W微波干燥对草鱼片进行干燥, 对草鱼片干燥过程中水分含量、质构、色度、脂肪及蛋白质相对含量等进行表征。借助气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)研究不同干燥条件对草鱼片挥发性物质的影响。结果 两种干燥过程中草鱼片水分含量下降, 硬度增加, 亮度降低, 同时鱼肉蛋白质和脂肪的相对湿基含量增加。其中, 热风干燥时间6~8 h, 微波干燥时间4~5 min的草鱼片硬度和咀嚼性较大、弹性适中、红度值(a*)较大。两种干燥方式中草鱼片挥发性物质的种类和含量均增加, 微波干燥和热风干燥共分别检出52种和36种挥发性物质。微波干燥产生了较多的醛类、不饱和醇类、酮类物质, 对鱼肉风味有较大影响。结论 400 W微波干燥较50℃热风干燥更适用于实际加工过程中的快速干燥工艺, 且能够较好的改善鱼肉风味。     

微波干燥与鼓风干燥对稻谷品质的影响

本试验研究了热风与微波干燥条件下不同品种稻谷爆腰率、发芽率、糊化特性变化及RVA谱特征值与各项品质指标的相关性。研究结果表明,微波干燥更易造成稻谷特别是籼稻爆腰并降低发芽率。RVA谱特征值与表观直链淀粉、爆腰率增长量密切相关,热风与微波干燥时消减值与表观直链淀粉和爆腰率增长量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.889~(**)、0.906~(**)和0.789~(**)和0.846~(**)。热风与微波干燥时表观直链淀粉与爆腰率增长量也呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.848~(**)和0.971~(**)。干燥影响了粳稻与糯稻的食味,米饭硬度略有增加。籼稻由于直链淀粉含量高,微波干燥对其品质影响较大,不利于后期储藏及食用。     

Effects of vacuum and microwave freeze drying on microstructure and quality of potato slices

Potato slices immersed in 0.5% CaCl₂ solution for 10 min were examined using light microscopy for their microstructure in frozen state before drying, during the sublimation drying stage, in the desorption drying stage and in the final dried form. Additionally, the final dried product was also tested for vitamin C content, color, starch content, texture and sugar content. Experiments were carried out using conventional vacuum freeze dryer as well as a microwave freeze dryer. Results for both unblanched and blanched potato tissues, crystal growth during sublimation drying stage was observed to cause structural damage to the cell walls. Blanched tissue suffered more damage during the freezing process. Interestingly, microwave freeze drying yielded product similar in quality to that obtained in vacuum freeze drying with conductive heating.     

Effects of hot air,microwave and vacuum drying on drying characteristics and in vitro bioaccessibility of medlar fruit leather (pestil)

Food Science and Biotechnology - The effects of microwave (90 W and 180 W), hot air (60 and 70 °C) and vacuum (60 and 70 °C with 200 and...     

香蕉片热风-微波真空联合干燥研究

以香蕉片为原材料,对比热风和微波真空干燥的特点,提出两者联合干燥工艺。并通过正交试验优化出最佳联合工艺参数为:热风温度60℃、热风时间25 min、微波强度4 W/g、真空度85 k Pa、微波干燥时间15min。这种联合干燥工艺明显地减小了传统热风干燥所用的时间,以及微波真空干燥装置的负荷,从而提高整个工艺的干燥速率和最终的香蕉片质量。     

热风预干对生姜脉冲喷动微波真空干制过程和品质的影响

为提高生姜干制效率和品质,采用热风预处理对脉冲喷动微波真空干燥(PSMVD)的助力,研究其水汽散失与回流现象,探讨不同热风干燥(AD)时间段下生姜水分流动状态,以及后续PSMVD干制过程的干燥时间、品质、微观结构.结果表明,AD 120 min-PSMVD组合工艺能实现物料的高效均匀、高品质干燥,为改善高水分含量农产品...     

Modelling of dehydration-rehydration of orange slices in combined microwave/air drying

The development of new citrus products, such as dry products for direct use or for rehydration, is interesting to promote their consumption. Combined microwaves (MW)–air (2 m/s, 60 °C) drying of orange slices has been studied in terms of process kinetics and of the rehydration capability as affected by the applied MW power (0, 0.17, 0.36, 0.69 and 0.88 W/g). Drying curves were modelled considering two periods, with different kinetic constants, related with the effective water diffusivity. These constants increased linearly with the applied MW power and, despite the low levels of MW power used, a sharp reduction in drying time of orange slices was obtained. Rehydration behaviour of orange slices was modelled through Peleg's and Weibull's equations. No differences in rehydrating behaviour were observed as a function of the applied MW power. So, the highest level, which was limited to avoid sample browning, will be recommended to reduce the drying time.     

Stability of quercetin derivatives in vacuum impregnated apple slices after drying (microwave vacuum drying,air drying,freeze drying) and storage

Microwave vacuum drying (MVD) was investigated for apple slices enriched with quercetin derivatives by vacuum impregnation (VI). Additional freeze drying (FD) and air drying (AD) were conducted. Compared to native apples, the impregnated tissue resulted in higher moisture content, elevation of weight and significant browning, due to the incorporated VI solution. The total quercetin content and quercetin glycoside composition were not affected by MVD and FD. The vacuum conditions protect the polyphenols from oxygen dependent degradation and browning reactions. AD resulted in an average quercetin glycoside loss of 44% and undesirable changes, particularly discoloration. The degradation is caused by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions. The pulsed microwave energy intake improved the drying result in structure and led to a faster drying process of 130 min. The bulk density of MVD apple chips (0.69 g/ml) ranged between 0.33 g/ml for FD and 0.75 g/ml for AD. The final moisture content was the lowest after FD (6.8 g/100 g), followed by 9.0 g/100 g after MVD and 12.7 g/100 g after AD. The shelf life was significantly influenced by storage temperature and time. After 12 month at 20 °C, the total quercetin content decreased by 21%.     

Effect of microwave vacuum drying and hot air drying on the physicochemical properties of durian flour

Unripe durian cv. Monthong was subjected to microwave vacuum drying (MVD) at 1200, 1600 and 2200 W and hot air drying (HAD) at 40, 50 and 60 °C to produce durian flour. Drying rate of MVD and HAD was 0.34–0.58 kg water kg dry solid^?1 min^?1 and 0.02–0.06 kg water kg dry solid^?1 min^?1, respectively. An increase in drying rate by either increasing hot air temperature or increasing microwave power decreased the degree of crystallinity from 21.95% to 2.31% and from 7.72% to 4.05%, respectively. Moreover, the increased drying rate caused a decrease in endothermic enthalpy (ΔH_gel) and pasting properties. Starch content of the durian flour was 41.40–47.03%. The starch granule morphology of durian flour was disrupted which indicated gelatinisation of flour during drying. Due to a short drying process, the MVD flour had less a*‐value (P ≤ 0.05) than the HAD flour.     

Characterisation of osmotically dehydrated papaya with further hot air drying and microwave vacuum drying

Papaya was subjected to osmotic dehydration (OD) prior to hot air drying (HA; 70 °C) and microwave vacuum drying (MVD; 3.75 W g^?1 and 13.3 kPa). An increase in immersion time in a sucrose solution [65/100 g (w/w)] at 40 ± 2 °C from 0 to 4 h decreased moisture content from 7.5802 to 1.2215 kg water kg dry solid^?1. During HA and MVD, effective moisture diffusivity was in the range 7.09 × 10^?8 to 9.13 × 10^?8 m² s^?1 and 2.85 × 10^?6 to 3.50 × 10^?6 m² s^?1, respectively, depending on immersion time. The hue angle of HA samples was 0.83–0.91, whereas that of MVD samples was 48.55–50.32. Both drying methods decreased springiness. Porosity was clearly observed in MVD samples. Rehydration rate was enhanced by increased immersion time and MVD (P ≤ 0.05). From preference mapping, MVD samples were more preferable than HA samples. Moreover, MVD samples with 1–3 h OD were more preferable than those with 4 h OD.     

Effect of hot air,vacuum and infrared drying methods on quality of rose hip (Rosa rubiginosa) leathers

For the development of fruit leathers, a formulation containing rose hip pulp, sucrose and citric acid was used as initial material for the drying process. Three dehydration techniques were tested: forced hot air, infrared and vacuum, all carried out at 60 and 70 °C. All methods led to flexible, translucent fruit leathers at both temperatures. Colour and water activity were not affected by the dehydration method nor by the temperatures tested. Nutritional parameters such as antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and content of phenolic substances were measured. The best retention was achieved with vacuum drying at 60 °C being of 57.5% and 25.1%, respectively. ESEM observations were conducted to assess the effect of drying methods and conditions on microstructure of leathers. Various extents of sucrose crystallisation were inferred from surface images. Cross‐sectional micrographs showed that the size of pores was affected by the drying technique but not by temperature in the range studied.     

Characterization of hot air drying and microwave vacuum drying of fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata)

Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) was subjected to hot air drying and microwave vacuum drying. Effective moisture diffusion coefficient during the hot air drying at 60 and 70 °C were 0.2073 × 10^?10 and 0.4106 × 10^?10 m² s^?1 respectively. By using the microwave vacuum drying (13.3 kPa) at the power of 2880 and 3360 W, the effective moisture diffusion coefficient were increased to 5.7910 × 10^?10 and 6.8767 × 10^?10 m² s^?1 respectively. Based on Lewis model, drying rate constants were 0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0061 and 0.0072 s^?1 for the hot air drying at 60 and 70 °C and the microwave vacuum drying at 2880 and 3360 W respectively. Compared with the hot air drying, the microwave vacuum drying decreased drying time by 90%. Rehydration ability of the microwave vacuum dried samples was also significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05), because of porous structure. In addition, the rehydrating water of the microwave vacuum dried samples contained higher b*‐value (yellowness) than that of the hot‐air‐dried samples (P ≤ 0.05).     

莲子微波真空干燥特性及动力学模型的研究

为探究莲子微波真空干燥过程中水分变化规律,本文以新鲜莲子为对象,考察不同微波强度和真空度对莲子微波真空干燥特性的影响,在此基础上构建其干燥动力学模型。结果表明,莲子微波真空干燥过程为降速干燥阶段,微波强度和真空度对莲子干燥速率和干燥时间影响均显著(p<0.05)。随着微波强度和真空度的增大,莲子干燥速率增加,干燥时间缩短。经6种干燥模型非线性回归拟合发现,Tian模型R2最高,RMSE、SSE及χ2最小,该模型能较好地描述和预测莲子微波真空干燥过程中水分变化规律。