传统发酵肉制品中降解生物胺菌株的筛选鉴定与应用研究

该研究利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对65株来源于传统发酵肉制品的耐盐、耐亚硝酸盐乳酸菌所产生物胺进行定性定量检测,筛选出降解率最高的不产生物胺菌株PL-ZL001。经形态观察、生理生化试验研究,并结合16S rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定,同时探索其作为发酵剂对发酵香肠中生物胺含量的影响。结果表明,菌株PL-ZL001被鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,添加菌株PL-ZL001可抑制发酵香肠中6种生物胺的积累,尤其是对毒性最大的组胺含量的控制,效果显著优于商业用木糖葡糖球菌（Staphyloccus xylose）（P＜0.05）。     

魏斯氏菌在发酵食品中的应用

魏斯氏菌是一类存在于酱油、泡菜、豆豉、香肠等多种发酵食品的乳酸菌。它是参与食品发酵的重要微生物,在发酵食品中具有广泛应用价值。在食品发酵过程中,魏斯氏菌对食品中有机酸、酯类及短链脂肪酸等风味物质的合成具有重要作用。此外,魏斯氏菌属的有些菌株具有合成细菌素、低聚糖、胞外多糖和纤维素等特性,具有潜在的益生菌特性。该文主要对魏斯氏菌的分离鉴定、生理生化特性以及菌株在发酵食品中的应用特性等几方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺研究进展

生物胺是一类含氮碱性有机化合物,食品中生物胺主要来源于游离氨基酸被微生物产生的脱羧酶脱羧形成。往往在食品腐烂或发酵过程中产生。由于其潜在的毒性和作为食品腐败变质的标志而被广泛研究。本文综述了发酵肉制品中产生物胺微生物种类及影响因素。目的是为了控制发酵肉中生物胺含量,确保发酵肉制品安全。     

发酵肉制品中生物胺研究进展

食品中生物胺主要来源于游离氨基酸被微生物产生的脱羧酶脱羧形成,往往在食品腐烂或发酵过程中产生.本文综述了发酵肉制品中产生物胺微生物种类及影响因素.目的是为了控制发酵肉中生物胺含量,确保发酵肉制品安全.     

发酵乳球菌菌株的分离鉴定

对9株发酵乳球菌菌株进行MRS固体平板培养基划线分离和形态学比较观察，井采用生化试验和RAPD对其进行鉴定。划线分离得到11株菌：通过菌体常规磷钨酸负染色标本的透射电镜观察，描述了各菌体的大小、形状以及裂殖方式；依据各菌种生化代谢差异设计生化试验．得到了2个发酵型，将其鉴定为2个菌群（乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种和嗜热链球菌）；20个随机引物的RAPD筛选得到了9个不同的基因型．将其鉴定为9株细菌。     

臭味发酵食品中益生菌分离鉴定及功能性研究

目的分析臭味天然发酵食品中常见益生菌种类。方法本实验从臭味天然发酵食品中选取了4种常见益生菌株,并对耐酸耐胆盐能力、抗药性进行了研究。结果 4株益生菌株经16S rDNA分子鉴定为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。嗜酸乳杆菌在pH 4的培养基培养16 h后,其相对OD_(600 nm)值为51.13%,具有较强的耐酸能力。植物乳杆菌在0.3 g/L和0.6 g/L胆盐质量浓度下培养16 h后,其相对OD_(600 nm)值分别为98.88%、66.22%,具有较强的耐胆盐能力。实验结果表明这2株菌的耐药性都低于鼠李糖乳杆菌和粪肠球菌。结论植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌为耐酸耐胆盐低耐药性特点的益生菌株。     

麸曲酱香酒醅中酵母菌的分离、筛选及应用

以麸曲酱香型白酒酒醅为菌种来源,通过平板分离纯化得到7株酵母菌。将各菌株分别制曲后测定酶活力及发酵力,筛选出5株酶活力高、发酵力强的酵母菌,并通过正交试验确定酱香酒的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在发酵时间为21d,发酵温度为20℃,曲料比为1：1．1,接种量为13％的条件下,酒的酱香味突出,酒质最好。     

Isolation and characterization of proteolytic microorganisms from fresh and fermented cabbage

Proteolytic bacteria from fresh and fermented cabbage were studied by cultivating in a Modified Basal Medium (MM), low in both sugar and protein content and supplemented with milk. Four proteolytic bacteria were isolated from fresh cabbage: Pseudomona pútida, Pseudomona not classified, Enterococcus hirae, and Bacillus cereus. Another strain of Ent. hirae together with B. cereus and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were isolated from fermented cabbage. Substrate specificity of the isolated proteolytic bacteria was assayed by adding seven proteins, each one to MM. These bacteria were able to hydrolyze from low molecular weight proteins (hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin) to high-molecular weight proteins (gelatin, gluten). This study allowed isolating, among others, a glutenolytic L. lactis subsp. lactis strain, a possible non pathogenic caseinolytic Ent. hirae strain, and a Ps. not classified strain which hydrolyzed six of the seven proposed substrate proteins. Through the utilization of a simple and certain method extracellular protease-producing bacteria, potentially useful in different industries, were isolated from an economic and easily available source: fresh and fermented cabbage.     

Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from jiang‐sun (fermented bamboo shoots), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated, characterized and identified from jiang‐sun (fermented bamboo shoots; a traditional fermented food in Taiwan). Samples were collected at seven time intervals from a fixed fermenting bucket during the fermentation process of jiang‐sun and its initial ingredients, dochi (fermented soybeans) and bamboo shoots. RESULTS: A total of 57 LAB cultures were isolated; 42 cultures were isolated from jiang‐sun samples and 15 cultures were isolated from dochi and bamboo shoots. These isolates were characterized phenotypically and then divided into three groups (A–C) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Alteration of microbial populations during the fermentation process was observed. While various LAB were found in the dochi and bamboo shoots, it was mostly replaced by Lactobacillus plantarum after 1 day of fermentation. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and one Enterococcus faecium strain showed inhibitory activity against all the indicator strains. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that L. plantarum is the main LAB present during the fermentation of jiang‐sun. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in the jiang‐sun fermentation process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

高效降解生物胺乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及特性研究

为获得高效降解生物胺的乳酸菌,以鱼露为试验原料,从鱼露中分离纯化并筛选具有高效降解4种常见生物胺活性的菌株,通过形态观察、碳源利用和分子生物学鉴定,该菌株,并研究其生长和生物胺降解特性。结果表明,共筛选得到8株生物胺降解菌株,其中最佳生物胺降解菌为FSCBAD033,该菌株被鉴定为发酵柠檬乳杆菌（Limosilactobacillus fermentum）。该菌株可以降解86.4%腐胺、78.5%尸胺、72.3%组胺和100%酪胺,且在含有前体氨基酸的培养基中不积累该四种生物胺。菌株FSCBAD033的最适生长温度、初始pH值和NaCl含量分别为40 ℃、6和3%,其在温度30～40 ℃、初始pH值5～7、NaCl含量不超过6%的范围内降解生物胺能力较高（四种生物胺降解率均＞50%）。     

云南腐乳发酵菌种的分离鉴定及其低盐腐乳的品质分析

对云南牟定腐乳中的霉菌进行分离纯化,获得适用于腐乳发酵的菌种,并将其应用于低盐腐乳生产中,探讨低盐发酵对腐乳品质的影响。通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定筛选菌种;采用标准法、扫描电子显微镜、顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术和感官评价分别分析了低盐腐乳的理化性质、微观结构、挥发性风味成分和感官品质。从腐乳前发酵毛坯中分离纯化获得了白色的优质总状毛霉(M2)并应用于低盐腐乳的制备;随着盐含量的降低,腐乳中总酸、氨基酸态氮、水溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量逐渐升高,蛋白质水解程度逐渐增大,腐乳凝胶孔径逐渐缩小,结构更加致密均一。低盐腐乳中共检测出了45种挥发性风味物质,且盐含量对挥发性风味物质含量有较大影响,感官评定结果表明,盐含量对腐乳的滋味和质地影响较大,且M2-70%的接受度最高。实验所获得的总状毛霉适用于云南腐乳的发酵,适当的低盐发酵可提高腐乳的品质。     

中式发酵干香肠中葡萄球菌和微球菌的分离筛选、鉴定和培养

从烟台喜旺中式发酵干香肠中分离筛选出适合当地特色的、具有自然发酵香肠风味的微生物菌株,采用系统分类鉴定方法进行初步鉴定,Q1为木糖葡萄球菌,Q2为模仿葡萄球菌,Q3为松鼠葡萄球菌,Q4为变异微球菌.此外,用均匀设计确定了这4种球菌增殖培养基的组成和最佳配比,并将4种球菌进行混合培养,得出混合培养的最佳配比.     

Isolation of bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus plantarum strains from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from Burkina Faso

A collection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from Burkina Faso, was screened for bacteriocin production. Seven isolates were selected for their broad antimicrobial spectra, which overall included strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Cluster analysis of RAPD-PCR patterns revealed that six of the isolates represent different strains. The six selected strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by 16S rDNA sequencing, species-specific PCR and multiplex PCR of the recA gene. PCR amplification revealed the presence of genes of the plantaricin cluster described in L. plantarum C11. Among them, strain 5.2.2 carried the largest number of genes from this cluster.     

新疆传统发酵食品中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长代谢特性

从新疆传统发酵骆驼奶、马奶子和辣椒酱中分离筛选得到13株乳酸菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列和phe S基因序列系统发育学分析,结合表型特征确定乳酸菌的分类学地位。通过测定耐酸耐盐特性、产酸特性、降解亚硝酸盐能力、氨基酸脱羧酶活力及抑菌能力,筛选获得了3株具有潜在生产应用价值的乳酸菌,即Lactobacillus pentosus CPC1(CICC 6283)、Lactobacillus pentosus CPC2(CICC 6294)和Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens CC3(CICC 6287),为乳酸菌在果蔬发酵中的应用奠定了菌种基础。     

发酵食品中生物胺的研究现状

发酵食品因具有多种多样的促进健康功能、特殊风味和便于储藏等优点而受到人们的喜爱。然而,在发酵食品制作过程中,会产生和蓄积大量的有害物质生物胺(biogenicamines,BA),过量食用后会严重危害消费者的身体健康。BA是一类非挥发性低分子量的含氮有机物,由氨基酸脱羧形成。在食品发酵过程中,由于微生物、化学和物理条件的影响,BA的产生很难被控制,因而使得发酵食品面临着严峻的安全问题。目前对于BA以及产BA微生物的检测已经有较成熟的方法,但是对于如何清除发酵食品中的BA仍然缺乏有效的措施。较为可行的一种措施是BA酶降解法,通过向发酵食品中添加能够降解BA的微生物来降低BA的含量,但是此方法规模化的应用仍然有诸多问题需要探索。本文在现有文献的基础上,对当前发酵食品中BA引发的问题、检测、预防以及微生物降解BA的研究进行论述,旨在让人们了解发酵食品中BA的危害,同时让发酵食品行业对于微生物降解BA这一新方向有较全面的认识。     

纯种发酵、混合发酵与传统发酵食品

中西方思维方法不同,形成混合发酵与纯种发酵2种不同的工艺路线,混合发酵具有菌群生长代谢平衡,克服中间生成物浓度过大,能简化工艺设备,省工节能的优点。适宜生产成分复杂风味要求高的我国传统发酵食品。纯种发酵基质、菌株单一、污染少。宜于生产成分单一纯度要求高的现代发酵产品。并指出了传统发酵食品工艺改革中存在的问题和改进的途径。     

发酵食品中的生物胺及其控制研究进展

过量生物胺的存在不仅会降低发酵食品的营养价值,而且人体因食用发酵食品而摄入过多的生物胺也会对机体造成不良反应。本文综述了发酵食品中生物胺的产生及影响因素、生物胺对人体健康的影响以及减少生物胺产生的方法。      

中式发酵干香肠中乳酸菌的分离筛选、鉴定和培养

从烟台喜旺中式发酵干香肠中分离筛选出适合当地特色的、具有自然发酵香肠风味的微生物菌株,采用系统分类鉴定方法对筛选出的乳酸菌进行初步鉴定,鉴定出5种乳酸杆菌:L1为德氏乳杆菌德氏亚种,L2为德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种,L3为米酒乳杆菌,L4为食品乳杆菌,L5为戊糖乳杆菌。此外,采用均匀设计确定了这5种乳酸杆菌的增殖培养基的组成和最佳配比,并通过混合培养得出混合培养的最佳配比。     

Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from yan-jiang (fermented ginger), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Yan‐jiang (fermented ginger) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in yan‐jiang has not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from yan‐jiang were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 176 LAB were isolated; 160 cultures were isolated from yan‐jiang samples and 16 cultures were isolated from raw ginger. These isolates were characterised phenotypically and then divided into nine groups (A to I) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were the major LAB found in the initial 2 days of fermentation without pickled plums; these species were mostly replaced by Weissella cibaria and L. plantarum after 3 days of fermentation. In the fermentation bucket with added pickled plums, W. cibaria was the most abundant LAB found during fermentation. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined. Twenty‐four Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and 19 W. cibaria strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain L. sakei JCM 1157^T. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that various LAB species were more numerous when fermentation was carried out without pickled plums. LAB also had effects on the aroma and flavour of yan‐jiang. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry