植物甾醇酯对高脂饮食大鼠结肠内容物短链脂肪酸的影响

目的:研究植物甾醇酯(phytosterol ester,PSE)对高脂饮食大鼠结肠内容物短链脂肪酸的影响。方法:将30只6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为四组,其中正常对照组饲喂普通饲料,高脂组饲喂高脂饲料,PSE干预组分别灌胃低(0.05 g/100 g BW·d)、高剂量PSE (0.10 g/100 g BW·d) PSE强化牛奶;连续干预13周后,处死动物取结肠内容物,利用气相色谱法测定其SCFAs的含量。结果:与正常对照组相比,高脂饮食使大鼠结肠内容物中总SCFAs含量增加33.63%,其中丙酸含量显著升高(126.07%)(p<0.05),乙酸(26.05%)和异戊酸(42.11%)含量具有升高趋势(p>0.05),丁酸(33.21%)和戊酸(23.92%)含量则表现为降低趋势(p>0.05);而PSE干预可抑制高脂饮食所致大鼠结肠内容物中SCFAs水平的升高,其中低剂量PSE可显著降低丙酸(51.52%)、丁酸(59.59%)、异戊酸(60.66%)和戊酸(72.07%)的含量(p<0.05);高剂量PSE干预可降低丁酸(29.48%)的含量(p>0.05),并显著降低乙酸(48.64%)、丙酸(58.39%)、戊酸(69.12%)和异戊酸(58.59%)的含量(p<0.05)。结论:高脂饮食会引起大鼠结肠中SCFAs水平的升高,而PSE可能通过降低结肠内容物SCFAs的含量来调节大鼠肠道内环境。     

Antihyperlipidaemic effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in rats

The present study determines the effect of an aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos fruits on serum and tissue lipids in experimental diabetes. Albino Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (45 mg kg^?1). Serum and tissue lipids such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were elevated in diabetic rats. Oral administration of A marmelos fruit extract at doses of 125 and 250 mg kg^?1 to diabetic rats twice daily for 1 month led to a significant lowering of these lipids in diabetic rats. The effect exerted by the fruit extract at a dose of 250 mg kg^?1 was greater than that of the dose of 125 mg kg^?1 or of glibenclamide (300 µg kg^?1). The results of this study demonstrate that an aqueous A marmelos fruit extract exhibits an antihyperlipidaemic effect in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预对脑梗死患者生活质量的影响

目的探究高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预对脑梗死患者生活质量的影响。方法收集2015年6月至2017年8月我院收治的脑梗死患者89例,根据所采取的护理方案不同,分为研究组与对照组,其中对照组患者(n=41)例采取常规护理,研究组患者(n=48)则在对照组的基础上进行高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预。比较2组患者护理干预6个月后的生活质量、干预前后的日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living, ADL)评分和护理满意度。结果护理干预后,与对照组患者相比,研究组患者的各项生活质量评分更高(P0.05),研究组患者的ADL评分也明显更高(P0.05);与对照组患者相比,研究组患者的护理满意度明显更高(P0.05)。结论高蛋白低脂肪饮食护理干预可明显提高脑梗死患者的日常生活活动能力,改善患者的生活质量,具有较高的护理满意度。     

Semi-modified okara whey diet increased insulin secretion in diabetic rats fed a basal or high fat diet

Food Science and Biotechnology - Lifestyle and diet preferences are primarily responsible for developing type 2 diabetes. In this study, okara was manufactured into okara whey crackers (OWC) to...     

Long-term high animal protein diet reduces body weight gain and insulin secretion in diet-induced obese rats

BACKGROUND: The effects of a high protein diet on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism have been quite controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long‐term isocaloric high animal protein intake on insulin secretion in diet‐induced obese rats. RESULTS: After the experimental period (24 weeks), the high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats that were fed isocaloric high‐protein diets (HP) had lower body weight gain (P < 0.01) and lower visceral fat (P < 0.05) than normal protein (NP) rats. Fasting plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) was also reduced significantly (P < 0.05), as well as serum insulin levels at 5 min and 10 min by intravenous insulin releasing test. In addition, insulin mRNA and pancreatic duodenal homeodomain‐1 (PDX‐1), GLP‐1 protein expression were both markedly lower in HP rats (P < 0.05), while PDX‐1 mRNA in HP rats had no difference from NP rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that long‐term isocaloric high animal protein intake reduces the acute insulin response in obese rats and the decrease of insulin is associated with both reduced weight gain and inhibition of PDX‐1 expression. GLP‐1 might be a negative feedback for the balance of energy metabolism secondary to changes of body weight and visceral fat. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

黑茶桑叶固体饮料对高脂饮食小鼠的减肥作用

该研究旨在探究以黑茶和桑叶提取物为主的固体饮料对高脂饮食（HFD）小鼠的减肥作用。通过饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖模型,随机分为模型组、阳性药组、低（385.0 mg/kg体质量）、中（765.0 mg/kg体质量）、高（1147.5 mg/kg体质量）剂量固体饮料组,灌胃6周后检测小鼠相关生化指标,观察其肝脏及脂肪组织切片,并进行肠道菌群测序。结果显示,固体饮料组均能减少模型组小鼠60%以上的体质量增量和40%以上的脂肪湿质量;改善HFD小鼠的肝脏脂滴聚集、脂肪变性的问题,缓解脂肪组织细胞膨大的情况;同时,该固体饮料能降低HFD小鼠肠道内厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）比值（F/B）,提高部分有益菌的丰度。说明该黑茶固体饮料对HFD诱导的肥胖模型小鼠能起到显著减肥作用,且高剂量组优于中低剂量组。     

Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet

BACKGROUND: Ginseng saponin and ginsenosides exert anti‐obesity effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems. However, the complicated relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of ginseng and gene expression has yet to be defined under in vivo conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the anti‐obesity effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) and hepatic gene expression profiles in mice fed long‐term on a high‐fat diet (HFD) in this study. RESULTS: KRGE reduces the levels of cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), serum triglycerides, and atherogenic indices. Levels of leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, were impaired profoundly by HFD. However, KRGE treatment brought these levels back to normal. KRGE was found to down‐regulate genes associated with lipid metabolism or cholesterol metabolism (Lipa, Cyp7a1, Il1rn, Acot2, Mogat1, Osbpl3, Asah3l, Insig1, Anxa2, Vldlr, Hmgcs1, Sytl4, Plscr4, Pla2g4e, Slc27a3, Enpp6), all of which were up‐regulated by HFD. CONCLUSION: KRGE regulated the expression of genes associated with abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism, were shown to be modulated by KRGE. These results show that KRGE is effective in preventing obesity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Metabolic response of soy pinitol on lipid‐lowering,antioxidant and hepatoprotective action in hamsters fed‐high fat and high cholesterol diet

This study was performed to investigate the lipid‐lowering, antioxidant, and hepato‐protective effects of pinitol in dose‐dependent manners in hamsters fed‐high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) diet. Pinitol supplementation (0.05%, P‐I and 0.1% pinitol, P‐II) with an HFHC diet (10% coconut oil plus 0.2% cholesterol) for 10 wks significantly lowered the white adipose tissue weights, hepatic lipid droplets, plasma glucose, total‐cholesterol, nonHDL‐cholesterol, total‐cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio, and hepatic lipid levels. Whereas it significantly increased the brown adipose tissue weight, plasma HDL‐cholesterol, apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I) concentrations, paraoxonase (PON) activity, and/or mRNA expression, compared to the HFHC control group. Plasma insulin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in both P‐I and P‐II groups than the HFHC control group. Dietary pinitol significantly inhibited hepatic HMG‐CoA reductase, acyl‐CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activities without altering their mRNA expressions compared to the control group. Pinitol significantly elevated the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas it also significantly reduced the hepatic lipid peroxide and H₂O₂ production. Accordingly, these results indicate that both 0.05 and 0.1% pinitol supplementation may improve the lipid and antioxidant metabolism in HFHC diet‐fed hamsters. In particular, pinitol supplementation was very effective on the elevation of antiatherogenic factors, including plasma HDL‐cholesterol, apo A‐I, adiponectin, and PON.