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1.
    
The development of new production lines of extruded ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks often results in high losses of edible food due to the trial-and-error approach in industry. Being able to predict extrudate characteristics of new formulations before having to run trials on industrial scale would be beneficial for reducing waste and having a more efficient development process. With this study, the correlation between pasting properties of seven blends of flours/starches and extrudate characteristics was investigated (100% corn grits, 25% and 50% replacement of corn grits with high amylose starch, potato starch, and rice flour). The predictive power of pasting characteristics on extrudate's moisture content, water absorption and solubility index, sectional expansion index (SEI) and hardness was studied. Results indicated the potential of predicting SEI, water solubility index (WSI), and water absorption index (WAI) of RTE-snacks. WSI and WAI were, respectively, negatively correlated with peak temperature (R2 = 0.897), and positively with peak temperature and positively with trough viscosity (R2 = 0.855). One can conclude that the rheometer can be a useful tool to gain insight into the characteristics of the extrudate, although further research with enlargement of the dataset is necessary to make the rheometer effectively deployable for potentially other extrudate characteristics.  相似文献   

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将大米淀粉(RS)和大豆粉(S)按不同比例混合,对混合体系进行糊化特性、颗粒特性、流变及摩擦学特性分析。结果表明:S抑制淀粉的糊化,导致糊化温度升高。随着S浓度的增加,混合物的糊化温度由85.55 ℃提高到了94.5 ℃,峰值黏度由1 461 cp下降到25 cp,衰减值由741 cp下降到2 cp,回生值由1 028 cp下降到13 cp,并且RS和S混合糊化后粒径增大,抑制淀粉凝胶的形成。所有样品均表现出剪切稀释行为,加入大豆粉会产生较低的黏度、屈服应力和稠度系数。在滑动速度 < 10 mm/s时,除RS/SP 9/1外,RS和S的混合使摩擦系数有所增大。  相似文献   

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Viscoelastic properties of sweet potato starch (SPS) pastes (5% w/w) were studied in the presence of various sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and xylose) at different concentrations (0, 10 and 20%) by small‐deformation oscillatory measurements. Dynamic frequency sweeps at 20 °C indicated that all SPS–sugar mixtures were more elastic than viscous with storage moduli (G′) higher than loss moduli (G′′) at all values of frequency with a frequency dependency. Dynamic moduli (G′ and G′′) values increased with the increase in sugar concentration from 10 to 20%. Changes in the dynamic moduli were more pronounced with xylose in comparison to the control (no sugar) and other sugars. G′ values as a function of ageing time (10 h) at 4 °C continuously increased with time during ageing without a plateau region. In general, G′ values of SPS–sugar mixtures during ageing decreased in the following order: pentose (xylose) > hexose (glucose and fructose) > control > disaccharide (sucrose), indicating that the xylose had the greatest ability in retarding retrogradation of SPS.  相似文献   

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非淀粉成分对淀粉糊化特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
淀粉在粮食、饲料和食品工业中应用广泛,起着增稠、胶凝、增稳的作用。淀粉糊化有利于改善食品口感,促进营养物质的消化吸收,提高食品的营养价值。以往研究多注重淀粉及其在食品中的应用,容易忽略非淀粉成分的存在以及这些成分对淀粉功能的影响。综述了pH值、盐、糖、脂肪、蛋白质、亲水性胶体以及乳化剂对淀粉糊化特性的影响,为淀粉在食品工业中的进一步研究和应用提供参考。  相似文献   

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为研究羟丙基双淀粉磷酸酯(Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate,HPDSP)糊液的屈服应力和触变性行为,本文以不同链支比的玉米淀粉(CS)和蜡质玉米淀粉(WS)为原料的HPDSP为研究对象,讨论了HPDSP糊液在不同温度条件下的临界质量分数、屈服应力及触变特性。结果表明,HPDSP在5 ℃时的稀溶液-半稀溶液、半稀溶液-浓溶液临界质量分数分别为3wt%和6wt%。5wt%时玉米淀粉-羟丙基双淀粉磷酸酯(CS-HPDSP)和蜡质玉米淀粉-羟丙基双淀粉磷酸酯(WS-HPDSP)的屈服应力与温度相关性较低,而6wt%时两者屈服应力随温度升高(至85 ℃)显著下降了69.52%和77.95%(P<0.05)。HPDSP的触变性受质量分数和温度影响,5 ℃时,5wt%的CS-HPDSP和WS-HPDSP几乎无触变性,6wt%时触变环面积分别为163.49和85.00 Pa/s,随温度升高至85 ℃,两者分别降低86.38%和92.18%。WS-HPDSP的三段式触变性测定(Three interval thixotropy test,3iTT)展示出的触变性均小于CS-HPDSP,具有较好的稳定性。综上,与CS-HPDSP相比,WS-HPDSP的屈服应力和触变性更小。本文为HPDSP在食品中作为增稠剂的实际应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
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The impact of low-pressure argon plasma on structural, pasting, rheological, and thermal characteristics of starch from talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) is analyzed. Talipot palm is a non-conventional source of starch. The starch is subjected to a different plasma power with different time duration. Exposure of talipot starch to plasma with different power (7.5 and 15 W) and time (30 min and 1 h) significantly affects the physicochemical and functional properties. SEM micrographs show that the plasma treatment causes severe damage to the granule surface. The pasting profile of talipot starch is considerably decreased by plasma treatment. The relative crystallinity and thermal properties are also decreased by plasma treatment. Plasma-treated talipot starches exhibit a decreased storage and loss modulus indicating weak gel formation. However, the treatment considerably increases the paste clarity of the starch gel.  相似文献   

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小米淀粉与玉米淀粉糊性质比较研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
对小米淀粉和玉米淀粉糊性质进行较详细比较研究,包括透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性、膨胀力、酸解、酶解,和介质对糊粘度性质影响。结果表明,小米淀粉与玉米淀粉相比,糊的凝胶稳定性好、持水力强、膨胀力高、糊化温度高、热焓变值大、但透明度较差、冻融稳定性不佳、热稳定性差;且氯化钠及糖溶液对小米淀粉糊粘度性质影响较大。  相似文献   

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不同原淀粉及其羟丙基淀粉性质的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
邬应龙  陈杭  陈小欢 《食品科学》2008,29(5):116-119
本实验对糯米淀粉、糯玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、普通玉米淀粉及其羟丙基淀粉的基本性质进行了研究比较.结果表明,四种淀粉及其羟丙基淀粉的黏度、透明度、冷藏稳定性、冻融稳定性、碘显色反应以及白度都有明显差异.研究还发现,羟丙基化不仅可以降低各种淀粉的糊化起始温度及碘显色反应,还可改善淀粉的透明度、冷藏稳定性及冻融稳定性.  相似文献   

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水肥耦合对小麦产量及淀粉特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用干旱棚,以洛阳1971~1999年20年的降雨量为依据,以每月占年平均降雨量的加权值进行分配,模拟不同水肥条件下对小麦产量及淀粉特性的影响.结果表明:不同降雨年型不同施肥组合有以下规律:N、P水平相同的情况下,水分高的处理产量高;在欠水年和丰水年,P肥相同的情况下,N肥高的产量低;在平水年,不同施肥水平呈现出不同变化,氮肥N105>N0>N210,氮肥相同水平下P84 >P168 >P0.水分是产量的主导因素.小麦产量的提高可通过协调成产3因素来实现.淀粉的峰值黏度、终结黏度、稀懈值及反弹值受水肥影响较大,而糊化温度和低谷黏度受水肥影响较小,在平水年以N105P84处理的淀粉糊化特性各参数值较高,在一定程度上改善了面条品质,而在丰水年氮肥较高的各参数的值较低.  相似文献   

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河南省主要种植小麦品种淀粉特性研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
采用小麦籽粒湿法分离淀粉技术,分离提取河南省种植的36种小麦和4种国外商品小麦的淀粉,计算出淀粉提取率.小麦淀粉提取率与品种有关;分析了这些淀粉样品的水分、脂类、蛋白质和直链淀粉含量,采用快速粘度分析仪(RVA)测定淀粉糊特性,测定了淀粉糊流变学特性,进行了回归分析和聚类分析,以淀粉的流变学特性为基础,进行了分类对比。发现安农98005与澳洲商品软麦具有相近的淀粉特性。  相似文献   

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Foodstuffs are complex systems consisting of different chemical components that form the food matrix. The objective of this research was to study the influence of composition on the structure and rheology of some custard model systems with different dispersing phases (water or milk) and compare it with the structural and rheological behaviour of a custard dessert (COST 921 formulation). Samples were prepared with a Rapid Visco‐Analyser, rheological measurements were carried out in a controlled stress rheometer and microstructure was assessed using Cryo‐SEM. The results showed that the microstructure and the rheological behaviour of cross‐linked starch dispersions depended mainly on starch, although the addition of sugar and the substitution of milk for water as dispersing phase, clearly modified these characteristics. Starch in water systems showed weak interactions, whereas sugar addition or/and the use of milk as a dispersing phase resulted in a denser network. These microstructural modifications were clearly reflected by the flow and viscoelastic behaviour of the analysed samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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To explore the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) pretreatment on pectin extraction from pomelo albedo, the extraction yield, and characteristics of pectin were compared with those obtained via traditional acid (A-pectin) extraction. Three different pressures (300, 450, and 600 MPa) and holding times (0, 5, and 10 min) were applied to the fresh albedo, followed by acid extraction. The yield, degree of esterification (DE), galacturonic acid (GalA) content, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and rheological properties of pectin were investigated. By comparison with A-pectin, the yield increased by more than two and four times at 300 MPa at holding times of 5 and 10 min, respectively. All extracted pectins were high methoxyl pectins (DE of 76.30–87.83%) with high GalA content (62.3–86.60%); however, there were significant decreases in DE and GalA content when pressure was increased to 600 MPa in comparison with A-pectin. The pressure level and holding time significantly influenced the viscosity of pectin, and HPP-pectin 300-5, 450-10, and 600-0 exhibited a much higher viscosity than A-pectin. Consequently, this study demonstrated that HPP pretreatment of fresh albedo can increase extraction yield and/or alter pectin characteristics for further industrial applications.  相似文献   

18.
纸张涂料流变性能的研究方法   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
介绍了用于分析纸张涂料流变性能的研究方法,涂料的静态流动性能和动态粘弹性分别可以用表观粘度和动态粘弹参数等物理量进行表征,并通过实验说明了测量方法和评价标准。结合表观粘度与模量参数,能够准确地衡量纸张涂料的流变性能。  相似文献   

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不同品种小米淀粉理化性质的比较研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以碱法提取的10种小米淀粉为原料,通过与玉米和马铃薯淀粉对比,对其理化性质进行研究,旨在为小米及其淀粉的深加工利用提供参考。结果表明,小米淀粉的直链淀粉含量在19.77%-35.69%之间,品种之间存在显著性差异;溶解度显著低于马铃薯及玉米淀粉,其中九谷11号的溶解度最高;膨胀度在12.43%-18.77%之间,介于马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉之间;透明度显著低于马铃薯淀粉,品种之间存在显著性差异;冻融稳定性显著优于玉米淀粉,比马铃薯淀粉差;凝沉性试验表明其稳定性显著优于玉米淀粉。  相似文献   

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黄原胶对面条品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了黄原胶对面粉面筋形成、面团流变学、淀粉膨胀势、面粉糊化特性以及面条蒸煮特性、面条质构特性、面条感官评价的影响,以及黄原胶对它们的影响的相关性,结果表明黄原胶对面筋的形成先强化后弱化,对粉质特性有较明显的提高,但是降低了面团的拉伸特性,减少了面条的吸水率、干物质损失和蛋白质损失,改善了面条的质?适 构特性.相关性分析表明.面团的粉质特性和面条特性有较好的相关性.膨胀势与面条的弹性有较好的相关性.黄原胶对面条品质的影响应该是黄原胶加大了面筋网络与淀粉颗粒的结合.提高了面条结构的致密程度.从而影响面条的品质.  相似文献   

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