高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的 探究高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法 将C57BL/6J小鼠分为4组,分别为对照组(CG)、高氯酸盐低剂量组[LG,每天0.1 mg/(kg·bw)]、中剂量组[MG,每天1.0 mg/(kg·bw)]和高剂量组[HG,每天10.0 mg/(kg·bw)],连续暴露12周,通过对肝脏油红O染色、血生化指标检测、脂代谢调控酶测定和脂肪酸组成及含量测定进行高氯酸盐对高脂膳食小鼠脂质代谢的评估。结果 高于1.0mg/(kg·bw)的暴露剂量可在小鼠肝脏内形成脂滴累积,总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均显著性升高(P<0.05),并且HG组脂质代谢关键调控酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoAcarboxylase,ACC)和脂肪酸合成酶(fattyacidsynthase,FAS)含量显著性升高(P<0.05),表明高氯酸盐可能会促进脂肪的合成。随着高氯酸盐暴露浓度的增加,棕榈酸(C16:0)、珍珠酸(C17:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、花生四烯酸(C20:4)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6)体内水平显著下降,而棕榈亚酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)...     

元宝枫籽油对高脂膳食小鼠脂代谢及肠道健康的影响北大核心CSCD

为了进一步开发与应用元宝枫籽油,研究了元宝枫籽油对高脂膳食小鼠脂代谢及肠道健康的影响。将60只小鼠分为空白组、模型组、元宝枫籽油高剂量组[1 200 mg/(kg·d)]和低剂量组[600 mg/(kg·d)],连续灌胃60 d。实验结束后,测定小鼠生长状况、血脂水平、盲肠微环境指标和盲肠内容物短链脂肪酸及微生物菌群。结果表明:与模型组相比,元宝枫籽油高剂量组能显著降低小鼠体质量、腰围、Lee′s指数、腹腔脂肪质量,显著降低小鼠盲肠内容物中游离氨、氨态氮、硫化氢和pH,显著增加盲肠内容物中丁酸、戊酸和丙酸的含量;元宝枫籽油高、低剂量组可显著降低小鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平,显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,显著促进肠道有益微生物的生长,抑制有害菌的生长。因此,元宝枫籽油具有改善因高脂膳食引起的小鼠脂代谢紊乱和促进肠道健康的作用。     

钙对高脂膳食小鼠血清抗氧化能力与血脂的影响

探究了膳食钙水平对饲喂高脂膳食小鼠机体的抗氧化能力与血脂代谢的影响,以及二者之间关系。实验选用5周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为4组（n=10）：对照组、高脂模型组、高脂低钙组、高脂高钙组。饲喂6周,高脂模型组和高脂低钙组小鼠的血浆TG、TC、LDL-C值显著高于对照组,而抗氧化能力指标和脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）活性显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。高脂高钙组的TG、TC值显著低于高脂模型组,LPL活性和抗氧化能力指标则显著高于高脂模型组。相关性分析表明,总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）与TG（r=-0.976,P=0.012）、TC（r=-0.989,P=0.006）呈现显著的负相关,而与LPL（r=0.945,P=0.028）呈显著正相关。结果表明,高膳食钙可改善高脂膳食性脂代谢紊乱的作用可能与提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对不同饲料喂养大鼠血糖及血脂的影响

目的:考察n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对不同饲料喂养大鼠血糖、胰岛素及血脂的影响。方法:将SD大鼠随机分成14个组,分别为:空白对照组（普通饲料喂养）,高糖高脂对照组（高糖高脂饲料喂养）,普通饲料喂养的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组,高糖高脂饲料喂养的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组。α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃150、300、600mg/kg的α-亚麻酸和深海鱼油。连续灌胃8周后,分别对各组大鼠的血糖、胰岛素和血脂四项进行测定。结果:α-亚麻酸对不同饲料喂养大鼠的血糖、胰岛素以及血脂都没有影响。与空白对照组相比,深海鱼油能使大鼠空腹血糖浓度明显升高（p<0.05）,空腹胰岛素浓度明显降低（p<0.05）。深海鱼油对TG和HDL-C无影响;但是深海鱼油能使高糖高脂饲料喂养大鼠的TC和LDL-C呈下降趋势,其中TC的水平下降具有显著性差异（与高糖高脂对照组相比,p<0.05）。结论:在150⁶00mg/kg的灌胃剂量下,α-亚麻酸对大鼠的血糖、胰岛素以及血脂都没有影响;深海鱼油对不同饲料喂养大鼠都有抑制胰岛素分泌和升高血糖的作用,同时对高糖高脂饲料喂养导致的大鼠TC水平升高有降低作用。      

Arsenic accumulation and metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The use of arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater for irrigation of crops has resulted in elevated concentrations of arsenic in agricultural soils in Bangladesh, West Bengal (India), and elsewhere. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main agricultural crop grown in the arsenic-affected areas of Bangladesh. There is, therefore, concern regarding accumulation of arsenic in rice grown those soils. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine the effects of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water on the growth of rice and uptake and speciation of arsenic. Treatments of the greenhouse experiment consisted of two phosphate doses and seven different arsenate concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 mg of As L(-1) applied regularly throughout the 170-day post-transplantation growing period until plants were ready for harvesting. Increasing the concentration of arsenate in irrigation water significantly decreased plant height, grain yield, the number of filled grains, grain weight, and root biomass, while the arsenic concentrations in root, straw, and rice husk increased significantly. Concentrations of arsenic in rice grain did not exceed the food hygiene concentration limit (1.0 mg of As kg(-1) dry weight). The concentrations of arsenic in rice straw (up to 91.8 mg kg(-1) for the highest As treatment) were of the same order of magnitude as root arsenic concentrations (up to 107.5 mg kg(-1)), suggesting that arsenic can be readily translocated to the shoot. While not covered by food hygiene regulations, rice straw is used as cattle feed in many countries including Bangladesh. The high arsenic concentrations may have the potential for adverse health effects on the cattle and an increase of arsenic exposure in humans via the plant-animal-human pathway. Arsenic concentrations in rice plant parts except husk were not affected by application of phosphate. As the concentration of arsenic in the rice grain was low, arsenic speciation was performed only on rice straw to predict the risk associated with feeding contaminated straw to the cattle. Speciation of arsenic in tissues (using HPLC-ICP-MS) revealed that the predominant species present in straw was arsenate followed by arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). As DMAA is only present at low concentrations, it is unlikely this will greatly alter the toxicity of arsenic present in rice.     

馥郁香型白酒对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢及肠道菌群的影响

为探索馥郁香型白酒对高脂饮食小鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响,采用高脂饲料构建高脂小鼠模型,通过灌胃不同剂量的馥郁香型白酒,研究小鼠脏器、血脂相关指标和肠道菌群的变化。结果表明,适量饮用馥郁香型白酒能抑制高脂饲料引起的小鼠肝脏、附睾脂肪和肾周脂肪系数的升高及其相关脂质的积累,以及甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的升高,提高肝脏内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力（P＜0.05）。在属水平上,饮酒伴随高脂饮食缓解了高脂饮食引起的脱硫弧菌属（Desulfovibrio）相对含量的上升和罗斯氏菌属（Roseburia）相对含量的下降,显著增加了瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus）的相对含量（P＜0.05）,说明适量饮用馥郁香型白酒对高脂饮食造成的小鼠脂代谢异常和肠道菌群的失衡有一定的缓解作用。     

DHA-磷脂对肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究了二十二碳六烯酸-磷脂（DHA-磷脂）对实验性肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用及其机制。采用Folch法和硅胶柱层析法从鸢乌贼（文字Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）卵中分离制备得到富含DHA的磷脂。C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为3组：高脂模型组,1%大豆磷脂组,1%DHA-磷脂组。连续饲喂7周后,测定小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,肝脏TC、TG、磷脂（PL）含量以及肝脏脂肪合成酶（FAS）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、磷脂酸磷酸酶（PAP）、肉毒碱棕榈酸转移酶（CPT）、过氧化物酶体β-氧化活力。结果显示,DHA-磷脂能极显著抑制小鼠体重（P＜0.01）和肾周脂肪（P＜0.01）及精周脂肪（P＜0.01）蓄积,降低血清TC（P＜0.01）和肝脏TG（P＜0.01）水平,抑制肝脏FAS（P＜0.01）、ME（P＜0.05）、PAP（P＜0.05）的活力,提高CPT（P＜0.01）和过氧化物酶体β-氧化（P＜0.05）的活力,且效果优于大豆磷脂。DHA-磷脂具有良好的减肥作用,能够通过抑制肝脏脂质合成,促进脂质分解,有效调节肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢。     

Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) in mice fed a high-fat diet

This study was aimed to clarify the effect of defatted chufa (Cyperus esculentus L., DC) on diet-induced obesity and lipid metabolism in mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets for 7 weeks: a normal diet (N), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet with 5% DC (LDC), and a high-fat diet with 10% DC (HDC). DC supplementation (10%) significantly reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size increased by high-fat diet although there was no significant difference between HF group and LDC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the HDC group were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The hepatic triglyceride levels also decreased significantly with 10% DC supplementation, but not changed with 5% DC supplementation. Serum insulin and leptin levels in the LDC and HDC groups were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. These results suggest that defatted chufa may be useful for the prevention of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.     

棕榈油酸对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢的影响

探讨棕榈油酸(POA)对高脂血症小鼠的影响。将25只小鼠随机分成空白对照组、高脂血症模型组、棕榈油酸高、中、低剂量组5个小组,每组5只。采用高脂饲料建立小鼠高脂血症模型,连续给药30 d后,测体重;取血测定各剂量组高脂血症小鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量。结果表明,棕榈油酸能够有效抑制高脂血症小鼠体重的增长,降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平,增加HDL-C水平。灌胃适量棕榈油酸可以达到控制体重增长,降低高脂血症的目的。     

Whole grain rice: Updated understanding of starch digestibility and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism

Nowadays, resulting from disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases (e.g., hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, and obesity) are among the most serious health issues facing humans worldwide. Increasing evidence has confirmed that dietary intervention (with healthy foods) is effective at regulating the metabolic syndrome. Whole grain rice (WGR) rich in dietary fiber and many bioactive compounds (e.g., γ-amino butyric acid, γ-oryzanol, and polyphenols) can not only inhibit starch digestion and prevent rapid increase in the blood glucose level, but also reduce oxidative stress and damage to the liver, thereby regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The rate of starch digestion is directly related to the blood glucose level in the organism after WGR intake. Therefore, the effects of different factors (e.g., additives, cooking, germination, and physical treatments) on WGR starch digestibility are examined in this review. In addition, the mechanisms from human and animal experiments regarding the correlation between the intake of WGR or its products and the lowered blood glucose and lipid levels and the reduced incidence of diabetes and obesity are discussed. Moreover, information on developing WGR products with the health benefits is provided.     

Nickel in milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the three main rice-producing regions in China

ABSTRACT

Nickel (Ni) concentrations in milled rice obtained from China and their variations among different provinces and varieties, as well as associated health risks, were investigated. Results showed that the mean Ni concentration in milled rice was 0.49 ± 0.51 mg/kg, which was much higher than reported in United Kingdom, French and Iranian cereals. There were significant variations (P < 0.05) of Ni concentrations in milled rice among different provinces and among varieties in the same province. According to the dietary risk assessment, the mean values of the target hazard quotient for chronic risk ranged from 1.24 to 1.46 for 2–4, 4–7 and 7–11-year-old children, and all values of margin of exposure for hypersensitivity risk were considerably below 10 for all age groups, indicating that the current dietary exposure to Ni in rice is of concern for 2–11-year-old children and Ni-sensitised individuals. It is essential to establish a continuous monitoring programme to control Ni contamination in rice.     

Effect of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of mice fed with a high-fat diet

The effects of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of high-fat-fed mice were investigated. Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: NC group fed with normal control diet; HF group fed with high-fat (17%) diet; HF-O group fed with high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% oryzanol; and HF-FA group fed with high-fat diet supplemented with 0.5% ferulic acid. All animals were allowed free access to the experimental diets and water for 7 wk. At the end of the experimental period, the HF-O and HF-FA groups exhibited significantly lower blood glucose level and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities, and higher glycogen and insulin concentrations and glucokinase (GK) activity compared with NC and HF groups. The results of this study illustrate that both oryzanol and ferulic acid could reduce the risk of high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia via regulation of insulin secretion and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities.     

复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱模型大鼠的降血糖活性研究

目的:评估复合杏仁粉对糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠的降血糖作用.方法:用高脂饮食和地塞米松构建胰岛素抵抗糖脂代谢紊乱大鼠模型,普通饲料为阴性对照,二甲双胍为阳性对照,测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及糖负荷0.5 h后血糖值和血糖曲线下面积指标,并测定其血脂指标数据.结果:正常大鼠的空腹血糖未受到复合杏仁粉的影响(P＞0.05);建模成功后...     

Pectin oligosaccharides improved lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed mice

Food Science and Biotechnology - Impacts of pectin oligosaccharide (POS) got from hawthorn fruitage on adiponectin signaling pathway and white adipose metabolism in mice fed with high-fat control....     

鱼脑磷脂对小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究鱼脑磷脂对ICR小鼠血脂水平的影响。ICR小鼠随机分成正常对照组、高脂模型组、阳性对照组、鱼脑磷脂低剂量组、鱼脑磷脂高剂量组5组,分别进行灌胃给药。正常对照组喂饲基础饲料,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料,28 d后,测定小鼠的血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量。结果显示,鱼脑磷脂可以显著降低高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平。说明鱼脑磷脂具有降血脂作用。