新型太阳能干燥装置在枸杞烘干中的应用

本文简要地介绍一种新型太阳能枸杞干燥装置结构形式。通过太阳能热利用原理计算推导出在太阳能集热器上的辐射强度,根据经验公式算出所需的集热器有效面积,通过实测得出每千斤枸杞所配置最佳面积。     

Effectiveness of the solar biomass hybrid dryer for drying and disinfestation of maize

The Solar Biomass Hybrid Dryer (SBHD) is a new technology developed in Ghana for grain drying and utilizes biomass (agro-residues, timber scraps, etc.) along with solar drying, and is especially useful for drying during rainy periods of the year when solar drying cannot be relied on. This study assessed the effectiveness of a 5.0-MT SBHD comprising a solar tent and a furnace for thermal drying and disinfestation of maize. Mortalities of adults of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens were assessed. Additionally, mortalities of immatures of these three species were assessed. Internal and cage temperatures (°C) in the SBHD, sun drying (SD) and laboratory (control) were monitored, as were moisture content (MC) and thermally (stress) damaged kernels (TDK) (%). During the 7-h experiment, mean internal temperatures in the SBHD, SD and laboratory were 52.3 ± 1.0 °C, 41.4 ± 0.8 °C and 30.3 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. Similarly, temperatures in cages in the SBHD (49.5 ± 1.0 °C) were higher than those for cages in the laboratory (29.9 ± 0.2 °C) and SD (38.2 ± 0.6 °C). Reduction in the moisture content of maize dried using SBHD, SD and under laboratory conditions were 7.7, 5.2 and 2.9%, respectively. This corresponded to grain MC reduction rates of 1.1%, 0.74% and 0.4% per hour. There was 100% mortality of S. zeamais and C. ferrugineus adults achieved in only the SBHD; some immatures of all three species survived in all three treatments. However, survival of immatures was highest in the laboratory, followed by SD and lowest in the SBHD for all three species. Percent TDK was higher in the SBHD (6.7 ± 0.9) than SD (3.3 ± 0.3) and laboratory (2.7 ± 0.3). These data show that the SBHD is effective for both drying and disinfestation of grain.     

温度对挂面干燥工艺品质的影响

在不同温度下对挂面进行干燥,并测定产品的扭断力、拉伸、色泽、吸水率和弯曲度等各项指标。通过对测定结果分析,表明温度对挂面品质有着不同的影响趋势。综合考虑各方面的指标,认为70℃是较好的挂面干燥温度。     

Thin layer drying model for simulating the drying of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in a solar tunnel dryer

Mathematical models for predicting the plenum chamber temperatures developed by a solar tunnel dryer and the drying of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in the solar tunnel dryer was developed, and simulated in Visual Basic 6 (Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0™). Based on Student’s t-test, the simulated and actual data for both plenum chamber temperature and moisture ratio did not differ significant at 5% level of significance. In addition, the simulated and actual moisture ratios showed similar trends, and reduced exponentially with drying time. Further, the performances of models at 10% residual error interval were 83% and 81% for plenum chamber temperature and moisture ratio, respectively. Finally, strong linear correlations existed between simulated and actual data for plenum chamber temperature (R² = 0.961), and for moisture ratio (R² = 0.995). Therefore, the model can be used to predict the drying of Tilapia fish in a solar tunnel dryer.     

Development of infrared-assisted hybrid solar dryer for drying pineapple slices: Investigation of drying characteristics,mass transfer parameters,and quality attributes

The research aims to the development and performance evaluation of an infrared-assisted hybrid solar dryer (IR-HSD) for drying pineapple slices. The IR-HSD contains an evacuated tube solar collector, blower assembly, drying chamber, infrared heater, phase change material (PCM) chamber, etc. The study investigates and compares the thermal profiling, drying kinetics, mass transfer parameters and quality attributes of pineapple slices dried using different methods, such as direct drying, phase change material (PCM)-assisted drying, PCM + IR-assisted drying, and sun drying. The average temperatures achieved inside the drying chamber for direct drying and PCM-assisted drying were 60.16 °C and 57.29 °C, respectively, while the temperature reached 60 °C for PCM + IR assisted drying. The average drying rate in PCM + IR drying was higher than in direct and PCM-assisted drying methods. The best-fitting models were the Modified Page model for direct and PCM + IR-assisted drying and the Midilli-Kucuk model for PCM-assisted and sun drying. The higher effective moisture diffusivity for PCM + IR-assisted drying was 2.59 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s, followed by direct and PCM-assisted drying. Similarly, the convective mass transfer coefficient obtained was 1.085 × 10⁻⁷ m/s, 8.321 × 10⁻⁸ m/s, and 1.381 × 10⁻⁷ m/s for direct, PCM-assisted, and PCM + IR-assisted drying, respectively. The superior quality attributes such as total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity were observed in all drying approaches with retention of colour except open sun drying, which decreased significantly. FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of different bioactive, including aromatic compounds, phenols and hydrocarbon functional groups. The infrared-assisted hybrid solar drying of pineapple slices showed a better drying process and quality attributes.     

魔芋挂面低温干燥研究

研究魔芋挂面在低温高湿度条件下的干燥技术 ,对产品的质量进行分析。确定了干燥工序5个阶段相应的适宜干燥条件 ,使产品蒸煮吸水率和干物质失落率较低 ,品质较好。     

Exergy,energy and economic analysis of a V-groove assist rotating tray type solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips

In this present work we have studied the exergy, energy and economic performance of a V-grooved type air collector with rotating trays type of solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips in the sunny days of winter season at Bhubaneswar (20.2961° N, 85.8245° E), Odisha. The obtained results from this experiment were also compared with the performance of a flat plate air collector with rotating trays used in the same dryer. The average energy efficiency of the solar air collector (SAC) and drying chamber (DC) was found to be 73.3% and 24.8% in case of V-grooved and 60.1% and 19.3% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the drying chamber in case of V-grooved collector was found as 19.7 W, 11.82 W, 7.88 W and 58.14% where as it was 22.3 W, 12.96 W, 9.34.88 W and 56.12% in case of plane collector respectively. Similarly the average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the SAC in case of V-grooved was found as 845 W, 20.1 W, 824.9 W and 1.99% where as it was 830 W, 22 W, 808 W and 2.28% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy and energy efficiency of the V-grooved type chamber are found to be 3.47% and 22.17% higher respectively as compared to plane collector. The air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the SAC and DC mainly affects the exergy value.     

高温烘干挂面品质研究

对挂面进行不同温度条件下烘干,测定挂面烘干后的最佳蒸煮时间、含水量、质构特性和拉伸性能等各项指标。通过分析测定的结果,证明不同烘干温度对挂面的品质有着不同趋势的影响。综合分析测定结果,得出较好的烘干温度区间。     

Computerised control system for an experimental solar lumber dryer

The microcomputer based control system employed in an experimental highly efficient solar kiln and the advantages of using this approach in solar wood drying are discussed. The control system consisting mainly of a personal computer and a data acquisition unit, performs a number of measuring and control functions. The monitored drying variables are wood M.C., collector's temperature, kiln's temperature, and R.H. The M.C. is monitored by recording the weight of the 3.2 m³ timber stack, resting on a weighbridge. The direct and continuous monitoring of timber moisture and equilibrium moisture employed by the control system, makes it possible to run the solar drying process to a target value formed from these two measured drying variables (drying gradient). The developed control system is compared with a semiautomatic system controlling the same solar klin.     

试验型太阳能锯材干燥窑的计算机控制系统

本文讨论试验型高效太阳能干燥窑采用微机控制系统和探讨利用太阳能干燥的优点.控制系统主要包括个人计算机和一个数据采集装置,执行大量的测量和控制功能.监测的干燥变量有木材含水率、收集器温度、干燥窑温度和相对湿度.记录放在地磅上3.2m3的木材堆垛的重量以监测含水率.木材湿度和平衡温度的连续监测采用控制系统,使它在太阳能干燥运转过程中达到两个测量干燥变量(干燥梯度)的目标值.开发该控制系统与相似的太阳能干燥窑的半自动系统控制相比较.     

基于旋风式烘干机的油菜籽干燥工艺优化

为探索油菜籽单位时间失水率影响因素,研究旋风式干燥方式下油菜籽的最佳干燥工艺参数,利用自制的旋风式油菜籽烘干机进行干燥试验。选取旋风式烘干机的干燥温度、气流速度、分级器内孔直径为主要因素进行单因素和多因素旋转正交试验。单因素试验发现旋风式烘干机的干燥温度、气流速度、分级器内孔直径3因素是影响油菜籽单位时间失水率的主要因素,其取值范围为:干燥温度70~90℃,气流速度17~22 m/s、分级器内孔直径130~140mm;多因素试验表明,影响油菜籽单位时间失水率的因素显著性顺序为:干燥温度气流速度分级器内孔直径;旋风式干燥方式下油菜籽的最佳干燥工艺参数为干燥温度85℃、气流速度19m/s、分级器内孔直径136mm。     

对粮食烘干机烘干工艺的分析与探讨

介绍辽宁省内国储库中粮食烘干机的使用现状，分析粮食烘干塔中存在的问题。