焦化装置低温硫化氢系统腐蚀与防护

文章主要就二次加工焦化装置的低温硫化氢腐蚀范围,也就是焦化分馏塔顶的油气线至二级压缩之后的腐蚀,以及吸收稳定系统的低温硫化氢腐蚀的腐蚀机理,特别介绍了对这些部位可以采取的防腐蚀措施进行了比较,采用注入缓蚀剂是比较有效的措施,能够把铁离子降低到3mg／L以下而取得良好防腐蚀效果。     

腐蚀监测系统在胜利油田的应用设计

随着油田开发进入中后期，腐蚀问题变的越来越严重，进行腐蚀监测有利于控制腐蚀、提高经济效益。本文介绍了一种实时监测腐蚀的电化学方法，并介绍了这套腐蚀监测系统在胜利油田的应用设计方案，包括系统的功能及组成和技术方案等。最后介绍了这套系统在胜利油田的应用效果。     

长庆油田集输系统的腐蚀机理

长庆油田集输系统腐蚀问题日趋严重,对长庆油田环江区块和白豹区块不同油井集输系统的水样、腐蚀产物和腐蚀速率进行了系统研究。结果表明:长庆油田集输系统水样中含有较高量的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-;环江区块集输系统水样中的CO_2和O_2含量较高;环江区块腐蚀机理主要为由Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和CO_2引起的电化学腐蚀。白豹区块集输系统中含有较高量的H_2S,H_2S引起的电化学腐蚀是导致白豹区块集输系统腐蚀的主要因素。     

深海腐蚀环境下钛合金海洋腐蚀的发展现状及展望

综述了钛合金及其他合金在深海极端腐蚀环境下的研究成果,总结了深海环境下腐蚀特征及应力腐蚀开裂、低周疲劳及高压蠕变等主要腐蚀破坏形式,指明上方海水的高静水压造成深海装备等的腐蚀失效和缺陷对于深海空间站等大型装备的安全性等至关重要。深海腐蚀的电极反应受到深海高静水压的影响的与普通水溶液腐蚀大为不同,值得深入研究;另一方面,对近期利用材料计算工程方法对于深海极端环境下腐蚀过程的模拟进行了介绍和总结,并总结了自主研发的专用深海腐蚀模拟装置的发展现状。基于钛合金在深海会发生的应力腐蚀开裂、低周疲劳、高静水压力导致的高压压缩蠕变及相应的电极反应方面研究,提出了我国深海环境下钛合金腐蚀研究的主要问题和未来亟待解决的相关问题。     

1000MW核电机组汽轮机径向轴承顶瓦碟簧断裂原因分析

采用宏观形貌观察、尺寸测量、力学性能测试、金相分析、断口形貌分析和断口微区成分分析等方法,对某1 000 MW核电机组汽轮机碟簧断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,碟形弹簧的断裂性质按断裂先后顺序依次为点腐蚀损伤、应力腐蚀开裂和脆性断裂,引起点腐蚀损伤的原因为碟形弹簧服役环境中腐蚀性元素的作用,过大的压缩量加速了碟簧的早期失效。     

一种新型在线腐蚀监测系统在集输天然气管道的应用

本文阐述了一种新型在线腐蚀监测技术在某气库集输天然气管道的应用。根据短距离高压天然气集输管道特点，分析集输管道腐蚀现状及腐蚀检测技术应用情况，结合油田储气库作业区点检情况，确定集输管道的腐蚀关键位置进行监测，开发适用于高压天然气集输管道的腐蚀监测系统及腐蚀率计算等算法，研发腐蚀监测系统配套硬件设施，实现对天然气集输管道监测点位腐蚀速率的监测。     

乙烯装置压缩系统腐蚀原因分析

乙烯装置压缩系统由注油改为注水后产生了腐蚀,分析其主要原因是由于裂解气中硫化物高温裂解之后转化为H2s等酸性物质,并溶解在水中,导致该系统pH值较低所致.从工艺和材料方面提出了相应的防腐蚀对策,介绍了在各段压缩机出口线注入缓蚀剂的工艺防腐蚀方法.     

金属材料大气腐蚀防护知识库

1 前言 金属材料在大气环境中的腐蚀是比较严重的,它所造成的经济损失占金属材料总腐蚀量的50％以上;另外,由于大气腐蚀造成的间接经济损失也是十分巨大的。因此,建立大气腐蚀防护专家系统就显得极为重要和必要。金属材料大气腐蚀防护知识库的建立,是建造大气腐蚀防护决策系统的关键。本工作建立的金属材料大气腐蚀防护知识库,也是将计算机应用于腐蚀科学的一个探索。     

汽车用压缩天然气钢瓶易腐蚀区域的确定

通过对五只汽车用压缩天然气钢瓶(以下简称CNG钢瓶 )产生腐蚀的原因分析，确定了其易腐蚀的区域，并对该区域的成因进行了分析，同时针对C NG钢瓶因腐蚀导致瓶体强度降低，将使其安全使用系数降低的现象，提出了具体的防护措施 .     

腐蚀监控技术在炼油装置中的应用

随着原油品质的下降,在炼油过程中造成的腐蚀问题,受到广泛重视,腐蚀监控技术得到快速发展。炼油装置中的均匀腐蚀情况可以通过电阻探针监控法和电感探针监控法来进行监控,点腐蚀情况可以通过线性极化探针监测法和电化学噪声监控技术来进行监控,应力腐蚀情况可以通过氢通量测量技术和线性极化探针监控法来进行监控。基于这些腐蚀监控技术,建立腐蚀监控系统,用于全面监控炼油装置的腐蚀情况,基本实现了对炼油装置腐蚀情况的连续监测,以便及时给出应对措施,可有效预防腐蚀的发生,减少安全事故。     

天然气压气站内腐蚀挂片监测管道内腐蚀

使用腐蚀挂片可以对管道内腐蚀进行较为全面和准确的监测.本文基于腐蚀挂片在天然气压气站管道的内腐蚀监测应用,详细地介绍了腐蚀挂片的类型、结构、选用、使用步骤和腐蚀速率的计算.     

低膦水质稳定剂TJ—201的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

ＴＪ－２０１是一种含马来酸基、磷酸亚基、氧乙烯在等的膦基聚羧酸,用失重法研究了ＴＪ－２０１对２０＃碳钢的缓蚀性能讨论了与Ｚｎ＾２＋复配后的缓蚀作用以及温度、ＰＨ值、转速、时间对缓蚀性能的影响,结果表明,用现场水质、不预膜、投加量６ｍＬ（以ＰＯ４＾３－计为０．８ｍｇ／Ｌ）时缓蚀率为９９．１％;该药剂可在较宽ＰＨ值（６￣１２）和温度（２０￣８０℃）人使用;在一定的流速下具有优异的缓蚀性能和良好的热稳定     

负偏压对多弧离子镀TiN薄膜的影响

采用不同偏压,在201不锈钢表面进行多弧离子镀TiN薄膜,研究了偏压对薄膜表面形貌、硬度、相结构及耐蚀性的影响.研究表明:薄膜表面存在着许多液滴颗粒,随着偏压的增加,液滴减少,但过大的偏压会使表面出现凹坑;薄膜的显微硬度随偏压的升高先增大后减小,偏压为-200 V时的本征硬度为2 195HV;在3.5％的NaCl溶液中...     

Influence of environmental factors on corrosion of ship structures in marine atmosphere

This paper deals with the modelling of the effects of relative humidity, chlorides, and temperature on the corrosion behaviour of ship steel structures subjected to marine atmospheres. A new corrosion wastage model is proposed based on a reference non-linear time-dependent corrosion model that is modified by the effect of different environmental factors contained in the marine atmosphere. The model assesses the corrosion degradation under stationary environmental conditions denoted as “short-term”. The long-term corrosion degradation is predicted by considering the succession of the various environmental conditions that can be present in the marine atmosphere during a ship lifetime and adding the corrosion damage incurred during each of them. Corrosion records (depending only on time) are used to calibrate the reference model while the effect of environmental factors in increasing or decreasing the corrosion rate is based on data published by other authors. A numerical example of a representative application of the new corrosion model is presented, to demonstrate how to apply the model.     

镁对ZL201合金组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、MH-3显微硬度计、HV1-10A型低负荷维氏硬度计和CHI660B电化学站研究了Mg含量（WMg为1.1%,1.3%,1.5%和1.7%）对ZL201合金的铸态显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着镁加入量的增加,合金晶粒尺寸明显细化,并且在镁加入量为1.7%时,可以得到细小且分布较均匀的显微组织,耐腐蚀性能最好。     

Artificial neural network corrosion modeling for metals in an equatorial climate

The majority of the metals used in the distribution and transmission electric energy lines, such as cables, towers and accessories are susceptible to the corrosion degradation process. For that reason, studying the factors that influence the atmospheric corrosion is an important issue. In this paper, an artificial neural network model was developed with linear and sigmoidal functions, aiming to predict low-carbon steel, copper and aluminum corrosion rates according to environmental parameters in the area of São Luis – Maranhão, Brazil. The area along the “702 – São Luis II –Presidente Dutra” 500 kV transmission line, located in an equatorial region, is employed for this purpose. A specific methodology was developed to determine the local corrosivity rate for these metals. Five atmospheric corrosion stations (ACS) were installed along the 702 transmission line in an extension of 200 km. Along with the meteorological data, local pollutants were collected and analyzed during a period of two years. In the same period, specimens were exposed to this atmosphere and periodically collected for corrosion evaluation. The obtained results indicate that the neural network can be used as a good corrosion estimator.     

锅炉腐蚀的常见部位及原因分析

在锅炉检验工作过程中，通过认真找出受压元件腐蚀的部位，分析其产生的原因，达到消除和避免这种缺陷的目的。     

Automated rivet detection in the EOL image for aircraft lap joints inspection

An enhanced visual inspection technique named Edge of Light^TM (EOL) was invented and developed at the Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council Canada. One application is the detection and measurement of “pillowing” deformation caused by corrosion in the faying surfaces of riveted aircraft fuselage joints. To quantify the hidden corrosion products, one solution is to relate the average corrosion in a region to the peak-to-peak amplitude of the EOL image brightness profile between two diagonally adjacent rivet centers. This raises the requirement to automatically detect and locate the rivets in an EOL image. The variation in illumination over individual rivets degrades the performance of most of the edge detection algorithms. In this study, a phase congruency algorithm is employed to provide an absolute measurement of EOL image features. The detected feature together with the knowledge of rivet size and the number of rows are used to locate rivets in the EOL image. The performance of the approach is compared with commonly used circle detection algorithms and an adaptive threshold approach. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is assessed experimentally and the results are used in the quantitative evaluation of aircraft hidden corrosion.     

A3、20#和X70钢室内模拟流动海水腐蚀试验

设计并建立了实验室模拟流动海水腐蚀试验装置。对A3、20#、X70钢挂片和20#钢管路在流动人工海水中全浸暴露2、4、8、16、32天的腐蚀行为进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,流动海水中碳钢的腐蚀速率先降后升,然后趋于稳定;在动水试验中,锈层分为两层,底层以Fe3O4为主,表层以Fe2O3为主;在静水试验中,锈层以Fe2O3为主。