非粮生物质热化学实验室落户广西

国家非粮生物质能源工程中心热化学实验室于2012年落户广西大学化学化工学院,研发工作同期展开。据悉,该实验室的研发重点是针对广西特有的、富含纤维素的农林废料,如木薯秆、蔗渣和农作物秸秆等废弃物,开发快速催化热解液化制备生物油以及高纯度生物乙醇精制技术,化学催化以及热解等生物油制备新工艺,高效、节能生物乙醇精馏技术以及生物燃气热化     

泥炭在流化床中快速热解

<正> 一、引言最近几年,开发了从生物质生产液体产品的短停留时间热解过程。生物质供给与运输的经济性表明,较小规模的热解过程可能是经济可取的。这种判断导致常压流化床热解过程的开发,即目前所渭沃特卢(Waterloo)快速热解工艺。沃特卢快速热解工艺是为热解有机原料来生产液态燃料或化学品而设计的。对已述的无催化热解加工,该工艺能从木质废料中获得有机液体产率最高,如阔叶树木或松柏类乔木液体产率可达65％。初步经济分析表明,对小规模(如100吨原料/天)的从生物质生产液态产品作为一种燃烧油来说,该工艺是经济合理的,比目前任何通行的热解液化工艺都具有潜在的经济效益。     

生物质快速热解液化工艺研究进展

对近期国内外快速热解液化工艺研究进展进行了回顾。分别对生物质原料、反应器类型、生物质炭与灰分的分离、热解产物收集以及生物油产品特性等方面的研究进行了论述和分析,指出了生物质快速热解液化的研究方向。     

生物质快速热解液化技术的研究进展

本文论述了生物质热解关键技术和热解制备生物油的工艺原理,同时综述了国内外快速热解反应器的现状.重点分析了传统的生物质快速热解关键技术--加料技术、气--固快速分离技术及反应温度、升温速率等因数的影响,提出了目前生物质热裂解液化技术的难点和液化燃料油的利用和开发技术的发展方向.     

生物质制备生物油裂解反应器研究进展

生物质热裂解是生物质在隔绝空气的条件下,快速加热裂解,裂解蒸汽经快速冷却制得棕褐色液体产物。将生物质热解生成生物油,不仅便于运输和储存,而且还可以作为生产化工产品的原料。主要介绍了国内外生物质纤维素裂解制备生物油工艺、裂解反应器的特点等。就我国目前的技术,建议开发高效裂解工艺、新型高效反应器、研究反应机理以及开发高效催化剂等,从而降低生物质裂解油成本。     

微藻制备生物油的研究进展

微藻是最有潜力的生物燃料原料之一。综述了微藻生物油制备的研究进展,包括微藻油脂抽提法、微藻热解液化法以及超临界液化、微波热解液化、热化学催化液化等几种新型热解液化技术。介绍了现有技术的特点、优势,指出了今后研究的主要方向。     

四种原料生物油-酚醛树脂胶粘剂特性研究

利用生物质快速热解液化产物制备燃料或化工产品已成为国内外的研究热点。将四种生物质原料(落叶松、杨木、棉秸秆和玉米秸秆)快速热解液化产物作为苯酚替代物,由此制备出不同种类的热解生物油-PF(酚醛树脂)胶粘剂,并探讨了胶粘剂胶接强度与热解生物油组成的关系。结果表明:落叶松热解生物油-PF胶粘剂的胶接强度最大(1.277 MPa),玉米秸秆热解生物油-PF胶粘剂的胶接强度最小(1.021 MPa);胶粘剂的胶接强度主要与热解生物油中酚类物质含量有关。     

煤与生物质的共热解液化研究进展

煤与生物质共热解液化将是燃料与化学品重要的转化技术之一。本文从共热解液化机理、共热解液化反应动力学、煤与生物质的协同作用、催化剂、共热解液化工艺、共热解液化产物等方面对煤与生物质共热解液化研究进展进行了综述,指出煤与生物质的快速共热解液化将是重要的发展方向,催化剂的应用和液化产物的精制将对提升液化油的品位和降低成本,对实现共液化油替代现行石化液体油具有更重要的意义。     

废轮胎热解技术的现状及发展趋势

概述国内外废轮胎热解技术的研究现状及发展趋势,国外废轮胎热解采用移动床,固定床、流化床、烧蚀床、悬浮炉和回转窑等反应器,有代表性的热解工艺包括真空移动床,两段移动床、流化床、连续烧蚀床和回转窑热解工艺等;通常热解炭被粉碎处理作为炭黑使用,热解油作为燃料油使用,废钢丝网收再利用.国内对废轮胎热解技术的研究大多局限于微型和小型试验台研究,产业化应用研究水平相对于国外较低,尚末开发出技术成熟的中试规模以上的热解工艺.开发经济性更佳、资源利用更彻底的热解工艺将是今后废轮胎热解技术研究的重点.     

生物质快速热解装置研究进展

当今化石能源日渐枯竭和环境压力日益加重是亟待解决的问题,而生物质热解液化技术被认为是解决能源紧张的潜在方法,尤其是生物质快速热解技术。随着生物质快速热解技术与工艺不断成熟,需要快速热解装置不断放大以提高处理量,以实现生物质快速热解的工业化。生物质快速热解装置复杂且多样化,在装置的放大过程中,各系统的合理选择是难点。本文首先对生物质热解机理、快速热解过程的粒径选择和前处理进行了简述,并对快速热解流程中的进料系统、供能系统、热解反应器和快速冷凝系统4个关键系统进行了综述,着重介绍了快速热解反应器的类型及其特点,提供了该4个关键系统的选择及研究趋势。流化床反应器具有易放大、可以较好地实现自热式快速热解的优点,本文总结出流化床式反应器是目前研究的热点。在保证产品品质下,设备易放大、稳定实现自热式、流程能耗低、运行稳定安全等是快速热解装置未来的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。