曲酒丢糟生产单细胞蛋白的菌种初选

以白地霉、假丝酵母和根霉为菌种,以大曲丢糟为主要原料,通过添加适当辅料为培养基,经固态发酵方法生产单细胞蛋白。试验结果表明,白地霉对丢糟的转化较为理想,发酵后可使蛋白质含量高达18．6％。     

白酒丢糟资源化利用的研究进展

丢糟是中国传统白酒固态发酵生产的主要副产物.大量白酒丢糟的排放,不仅造成环境污染,也是对资源的浪费,对于白酒丢糟进行资源化利用具有重要的经济、社会和环境意义.综述了近年来关于白酒丢糟利用的研究报道,包括生产丢糟白酒、调味品、蛋白质和菌体蛋白、纤维素、栽培食用菌,以及生产燃烧棒和酒精等,为白酒丢糟的资源化利用提供参考.     

白酒丢糟生产菌体蛋白饲料的研究

以浓香型白酒丢糟为主要原料,通过混合菌种协同发酵生产菌体蛋白,提高白酒丢糟中营养蛋白含量。实验结果表明：在发酵时间为60h、发酵起始pH6.5、投料比（麸皮∶酒糟）为1∶1.5、接种量在4%、溶氧条件为60g/500mL、硫酸铵添加量0.5%条件下发酵生产菌体蛋白可以提高丢糟的营养水平。     

高效丢糟纤维素分解菌的筛选及产酶研究

从白酒丢糟堆腐物中筛选出5株分解丢糟纤维素能力强的菌株,以其中降解能力最强的绿色木霉S7为出发菌株。通过对其固态发酵产酶条件的单因素优化试验,初步确定其固体培养基质中丢糟粉与麸皮的最适质量比为4∶1,硫酸铵2%,初始pH值为4.0,30～35℃发酵96 h,羧甲基纤维素酶活和滤纸酶活分别达到57.08μg/min.mL和26.02μg/min.mL。     

丢糟复式发酵工艺优化（一）：不同发酵模式对白酒生产的影响

白酒丢糟在4种不同的发酵模式下生产白酒,通过对比糟醅微生物数量变化,酒醅理化指标变化和基酒酒质,得知方案4为白酒丢糟复式发酵的最优工艺。     

过氧乙酸预处理对白酒丢糟纤维素降解效果的影响

为充分利用白酒丢糟资源,探讨过氧乙酸处理原料制备高浓度可发酵糖液的可行性.采用纤维素酶糖化、NaOH-过氧乙酸预处理白酒丢糟制备可发酵糖液,分别以单因素试验和正交试验考察了影响过氧乙酸预处理的条件.结果表明,预处理条件为过氧乙酸浓度2％,固液比1∶8,时间90 min,温度85℃时效果较好.该预处理条件下,酶解液中还原糖、葡萄糖及木糖浓度达到112.27 g/L、63.15 g/L和16.58 g/L,对应糖产率分别为692.33 mg/g、395.47mg/g和108.75 mg/g,较未优化前糖化酶解液糖浓度及产率提高了20％.糖化试验表明,利用过氧乙酸预处理白酒丢糟制备高浓度可发酵糖液具有可行性.     

白酒丢糟饲料化的发酵培养基优化研究

利用热带假丝酵母、黑曲霉、绿色木霉发酵白酒丢糟生产蛋白饲料。通过设计单因素实验与正交实验对培养基辅料、氮源以及无机盐进行研究、优化。实验得到最佳培养基组成与配比：辅料为10%麸皮、5%玉米粉、5%豆饼粉,尿素添加量为1%,硫酸铵添加量为2%,七水硫酸镁添加量为0.03%,磷酸二氢钾为0.2%。在此优化培养条件下,白酒丢糟发酵产物中的粗蛋白质质量分数达到30.37% ,粗纤维含量为17.56%。相比原料丢糟,粗蛋白质增加百分比与粗纤维降解百分比分别达到73.54%、 27.56%,而且还含有丰富的酶类。     

绿色木霉T1纤维素酶在大曲酒丢糟中应用的研究

就绿色木霉T1纤维素酶在大曲丢糟中的应用效果进行了研究。在35℃的大曲丢糟中加入0．02％的糖化酶和0．1％的绿色木霉T1纤维素酶,接入0．05％的经活化的TH－AADY,28－30℃入池发酵8天,湿丢糟的出酒率3．5％。     

皮状丝孢酵母发酵丢糟水解液的应用研究

采用正交试验研究了硫酸水解丢糟的最佳工艺与皮状丝孢酵母发酵丢糟水解液生产微生物油脂的最佳工艺.结果表明:最佳丢糟酸水解工艺条件为硫酸添加量8％ (9 mol/L),水解温度90℃,水解时间1.5 h;在最佳水解条件下,丢糟水解液中还原糖含量为1.51％.最佳皮状丝孢酵母发酵丢糟水解液生产微生物油脂的工艺条件为接种量8％,发酵温度32℃,蔗糖添加量0.8％,发酵时间3d;在最佳发酵条件下,菌体的油脂含量可达24.86％.     

白酒丢糟制备有机肥的研究进展

丢糟是白酒生产过程中的副产物,营养丰富但却难以储存和高效利用。如何合理的处理丢糟已经成为了白酒行业亟需解决的棘手问题,关系到整个行业的可持续发展。在处理白酒丢糟的方式中,利用好氧堆肥技术将丢糟发酵为有机肥具有安全环保、操作简单的优势,目前已经成为了新的研究热点。该文综述了近年来白酒丢糟生产有机肥的堆肥工艺研究进展和丢糟有机肥的应用前景,并将丢糟和常见堆肥原料进行了比较,总结了白酒丢糟生产有机肥的优缺点,并对其堆肥工艺的改进提出建议,最后展望了利用白酒丢糟生产有机肥的进一步研究方向。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the