Effects of C and Mn elements on deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation in low carbon （Mn） steels

Effects of C and Mn contents on the deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation （DEFT） in low carbon （Mn） steels have been investigated by hot compression. The microstructures of 2-4μm ultra-fine equiaxed ferrite grains with minors distributed homogeneously can be obtained by DEFT in all the tested steels. The more pronounced refinement is achieved as the C or Mn content increasing because of the higher-density nucleating sites and lower growth rate. The effectiveness of C on the level of refinement is more obvious than that of Mn.     

Effect of controlled rolling on the martensitic hardenability of dual phase steel

The C-Mn and C-Mn-Nb steels were thermo-mechanically processed to develop dual phase steel and to study the effect of controlled rolling on the martensitic hardenability of austenite. The steel specimens were intercritically annealed at 790°C,rolled at that temperature to the reductions of 10%,23%,and 47% and immediately cooled at different rates. Quantitative metallography was used to construct the microstructure map,which illustrated that increasing deformation progressively reduced the proportion of new ...     

Influence of silicon on the microstructures,mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability of dual phase steels

Uniaxial tension tests and hole-expansion tests were carried out to determine the influence of silicon on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and stretch-flangeability of conventional dual-phase steels. Compared to 0.03wt% silicon, the addition of 1.08wt% silicon induced the formation of finer ferrite grains （6.8μm ） and a higher carbon content of martensite （Cm≈ 0.32wt%）. AS the silicon level increased, the initial strain-hardening rate （n value） and the uniform elongation increased, whereas the yield strength, yield ratio, and stretch-flangeability decreased. The microstructures were observed after hole-expansion tests. The results showed that low carbon content martensite （Cm ≈ 0.19wt%） can easily deform in coordination with ferrite. The relationship between the mechanical properties and stretch-flangeability indicated that the steel with large post-uniform elongation has good stretch-flangeability due to a closer plastic incom- patibility of the ferrite and martensite phases, which can effectively delay the production and decohesion of microvoids.     

Effect of Nb on the transformation kinetics of low carbon （manganese） steel during deformation of undercooled austenite

The hot compression tests using Gleeble 1500 were performed by varying the true strain up to 1.6 （80% reduction） in Nbfree and Nb-microalloyed steels. The effect of Nb addition on the transformation kinetics during deformation of undercooled austenite was investigated. It was found that as compared with Nb-free steel, the transformation incubation period of Nb-bearing steel was prolonged and the transformation kinetics curves parallelly moved to higher strain because of the solute Nb drag effect. Studies on kinetics also showed that the deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation （DEFT） of the two steels were composed of three stages, which can be expressed by the J-M-A equations individually. However, the parameter n related to the mode of nucleation and growth is somewhat different in the first and second stages of the two steels, and the same in the third stage for both the steels corresponding to the nucleation Of retained austenite.     

Effect of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a cold rolled dual phase steel

A cold rolled dual phase (DP) steel with the C-Si-Mn alloy system was trial-produced in the laboratory,utilizing a Glee-ble-3800 thermal simulator. The effects of continuous annealing parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the DP steel were investigated by mechanical testing and microstructure observation. The results show that soaking between 760 and 820°C for more than 80 s,rapid cooling at the rate of more than 30°C/s from the quenching temperature between 620 and 680°C,and overag...     

Stress-strain partitioning analysis of constituent phases in dual phase steel based on the modified law of mixture

A more accurate estimation of stress-strain relationships for martensite and ferrite was developed, and the modified law of mixture was used to investigate the stress-strain partitioning of constituent phases in dual phase (DP) steels with two different martensite volume fractions. The results show that there exist great differences in the stress-strain contribution of martensite and ferrite to DP steel. The stress-strain partitioning coefficient is not constant in the whole strain range, but decreases with...     

Martensite transformation induced by deformation and its phase electrochemical behavior for stainless steels AISI 304 and 316L

The martensite transformation induced by tensile elongation and its effect on the behavior or phase electrochemistry of AISI 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied.The results show that the content of α′-martensite in stainless steel 304 increases with the true strain,As α′-martensite content increased.freee corrosion potential and pitting potential of stainless steel 304 in 3.5% NaCl solution appeared the change trend of a minimum.It was also found that pitting nucleated preferentially at the phase interfaces between martensite and austenits,There exsted apparent differnece between electrochemical properties of austenite and of martensite for stainless steel 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

23MnNiCrMo钢的相变及组织特征

对 2 3MnNiCrMo煤机链条钢进行了连冷转变、等温转变、回火转变的研究 应用日本Formastor -Digital全自动相变膨胀仪测定了临界点 ,研究了过冷奥氏体的等温分解过程 ,应用电子显微镜分析了各类转变产物的组织结构 结果表明 ,2 3MnNiCrMo贝氏体钢具有一系列的相变特征和组织特点     

16MnCr5钢锭表层凝固及冷却过程中组织转变规律研究

对１６ｎＣｒ５钢锭表层凝固及冷却过程中的组织转变规律进行了分析,结果表明,钢锭表层我晶转变的不完全性对随后的组织转变有显著的影响,并形成了不均匀铁组织分布。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of TRIP steels produced using TSCR process

C-Si-Mn TRIP steels were produced using the thin slab casting and rolling （TSCR） process under simulation in laboratory. The results of tensile tests show that the yield strength, tensile strength, and the total elongation of the experimental TRIP steels are 430 MPa, 610 MPa, and 28.4%, respectively. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were employed to identify the microstructures of the TRIP steels. The final microstructures consist of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite. The results of quantitative color metallography show that the fraction of the retained austenite is about 5.8%.     

Characteristics of microstructural evolution during deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation in Nb-microalloyed HSLA steel

Microstructure evolution during deformation of undercooled austenite at 760℃ was investigated in Nb-microalloyed steel by using SEM （scanning electron microscope）, TEM （transmission electron microscope）, and EBSD （electron backscattered diffraction）. It is indicated that during deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation （DEFT） in Nb-microalloyed steel, the incubation period is prolonged, and the higher strain is needed to accomplish ferrite transformation. Therefore, the transformation kinetics curves move to high strain parallelly; and the transformation kinetics curves of Nb-microalloyed steel can be divided into three stages. At the fast stage, the solute drag effect of Nb and the consumption of strain energy for the dynamic precipitation of Nb（CN） led to a long incubation period, and at the second stage, ferrite transformation was accelerated significantly and fine Nb（CN） precipitates restrict the grain growth of ferrite effectively. The results also showed that DEFT in Nb-microalloyed steel is still a nucleation dominated process, and during the microstructure evolution the interchange of 〈001〉 and 〈111〉 texture was obtained.     

钢中贝氏体相变热力学

应用综合理论分析的方法研究了钢中贝氏体相变热力学.指出以往的KRC,LFG模型不适于贝氏体相变驱动力的计算.在进行相变热力学分析的基础上,依据γ→αB γ1→BF γ1转变机制设计了新的计算模型,并估算了Bs温度下相变阻力为105 J/mol.指出相变不仅与驱动力有关,而且取决于原子扩散能力.在贝氏体上部温度区,可以依靠界面扩散进行台阶长大;在460 ℃以下的某一段温度,可能以原子热激活跃迁无扩散机制进行贝氏体铁素体形核-长大过程;在Ms点稍上一段温度,可能以切变方式进行.     

Nb微合金化冷轧双相钢DP980的试制研究

采用C-Si-Mn-Cr-Nb合金系,采取两种热轧、退火工艺,在实验室试制Nb微合金化冷轧双相钢DP980。结果表明,两种试制钢的抗拉强度分别为1034 MPa和1048 MPa,屈服强度分别为534 MPa和499 MPa,伸长率分别为11.2%和11.3%,n值分别为0.28和0.27,屈强比分别为0.52和0.48;试制钢的热轧组织为F＋P,连续退火后的组织为F＋M,退火后的应力应变曲线表现出连续屈服的特点。     

高强度冷轧双相钢应变硬化行为

为了研究双相钢在变形过程中的应变硬化特性,采用Hollomon法与修正的Crussard Jaoul法分析了试验钢的应变硬化曲线,并利用力学测试与显微组织观察等手段研究了组织结构对应变硬化行为的影响机制.结果表明：三种试验钢,均表现出较高的初始加工硬化能力.具有岛状马氏体与类针状马氏体的双相钢表现出两个阶段的应变硬化特征,具有粗大块状马氏体的双相钢则表现出三个阶段的硬化特征.与类针状和粗大块状马氏体相比,含有岛状马氏体的双相钢表现出较强的加工硬化能力和强度与塑性的良好配合.块状马氏体较早的进入塑性变形,导致双相钢变形协调难度加大并在晶界周围产生孔洞而使塑性恶化.     

钢中残余Mg量对SiMn型复相耐磨铸钢硫化物夹杂形态的影响

探讨了镁变性处理对SiMn复相耐磨钢中硫化物夹杂形态的影响，研究结果表明：镁残余含量Mg残＝0．03 9％与Mg残／S＝1，21是管制友化物的形态和临界值，而SiMn复相耐磨钢硫化物的形态对钢的冲击韧性αK会产生很大影响。     

基于双频载波相位组合的变形信息逐步精化方法

针对GPS动态变形监测,利用监测点位置精确已知的条件,提出了一种新的单历元变形信息解算算法,避开了整周模糊度的求解和周跳的探测与修复,极大简化了数据处理过程。针对较大的瞬时变形量,首先采用长波长的双频载波相位组合观测量进行求解,然后利用宽巷和L1载波相位观测量进行逐步精化处理,从而可以精确求解高达0.8 m的瞬时变形量。静态和动态实验结果表明,该方法可以达到±5 mm的精度,能够有效应用于快速变形监测。     

高强钢S460和S690火灾后力学性能试验

火灾后,材料力学性能的退化是导致钢结构火灾后承载力降低的主要因素.通过试验研究高强钢S460和S690过火冷却至常温后的力学性能,得到过火高温对高强钢S460和S690的弹性模量、屈服强度、极限强度及应力-应变曲线的影响规律,并与普通钢火灾后力学性能进行对比.结果表明,当过火温度低于600℃时,S460和S690冷却后可恢复其基本力学性能;当过火温度超过600℃后,甚至高达1 000℃时,高强钢S460仍可恢复其常温下75%以上的力学性能,而S690仅可恢复其常温下64.5%的弹性模量、38.1%的屈服强度及57.3%的极限强度;高强钢火灾后力学性能与普通钢不同.通过对试验数据进行数值拟合,给出可准确表达S460和S690火灾后力学性能剩余程度的预测公式,可用于指导含高强钢S460和S690构件的钢结构火灾后检测与鉴定,并为相关规范的修订提供参考依据.     

Effect of cooling parameters on the microstructure and properties of Mobearing and Cr-bearing steels

To develop low-cost low carbon bainitic steel,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels were melted in a vacuum induction furnace and were researched by thermal simulation and hot rolling at the laboratory.As the cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50℃/s,the transformation temperatures of two steels lie between 650 and 400℃,and the final microstructures of them change from quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to lath bainite.Compared with cooling in air or by interrupted cooling,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steel plates cooled by sprayed water boast higher strength and superior toughness,for large-size islands are responsible for the poor mechanical properties.Compared to Mo,Cr is effective to isolate the bainitic reaction in low carbon steel,and the bainitic microstructure can also be obtained in Cr-bearing steel cooled at a wide range of cooling rate.     

含铌微合金钢冷却过程热模拟研究

在Gleeble1500D热模拟机上,利用热膨胀法测定了含铌微合金钢连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),分析了成分对冷却转变的影响,为进一步制定生产工艺提供了依据.     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of aging high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

The microstructural evolution of 18Cr18Mn2Mo0.77N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel in aging treatment was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that hexagonal intergranular and cellular Cr2N with a=0.478 nm and c=0.444 nm and body-centered cubic intermetallic χ phase with a=0.892 nm precipitate gradually in the isothermal aging treatment. The matrix nitrogen depletion due to the intergranular Cr2N pre...