基于全寿命周期的火电工程建设管理研究

针对火电工程建设具有很强的复杂性和特殊性,将全寿命周期理论应用于火电工程建设的控制和管理领域,建立了集火电工程建设的质量、进度、投资和安全为一体的集成控制概念模型和管理组织模式,论述了火电工程建设过程集成控制流程,并搭建了全寿命周期管理下的火电工程建设信息管理平台。工程应用实例表明,所提出的理论和搭建的平台能有效地提高火电工程建设管理水平,为火电工程建设的控制与管理提供理论与技术支持。     

The role of project management in organisational sustainable growth of technology-based firms

Project management plays an important role in the sustainable growth of technology-based firms. However, the fundamental relationship between the project management factors and sustainable growth of the firms has not been fully discovered. This exploratory research identifies the critical project management factors that contributing to sustainable growth of technology-based organisations. Based on literature review and demo interviews, a two-level evaluation structure is developed for further structured interview survey. Over 60 experts working in technology-based organisations are invited to the structured interview. A project management framework for organisational sustainable growth was extracted from three dimensions: personal, team and organisational levels. Furthermore, the practical implementation of these identified factors is measured by satisfaction through interview survey. The research provided researchers and practitioners of technology-based firms with an understanding of the contribution of key project management factors to organisational sustainable growth.     

A life cycle methodology for mapping the flows of pollutants in the urban environment

This paper presents an integrated life cycle methodology for mapping the flows of pollutants in the urban environment, following the pollutants from their sources through the environment to receptors. The sources of pollution that can be considered by this methodology include products, processes and human activities. Life cycle assessment (LCA), substance flow analysis (SFA), fate and transport modelling (F&TM) and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used as tools for these purposes. A mathematical framework has been developed to enable linking and integration of LCA and SFA. The main feature of the framework is a distinction between the foreground and background systems, where the foreground system includes pollution sources of primary interest in the urban environment and the background comprises all other supporting activities occurring elsewhere in the life cycle. Applying the foreground–background approach, SFA is used to track specific pollutants in the urban environment (foreground) from different sources. LCA is applied to quantify emissions of a number of different pollutants and their impacts in both the urban (foreground) and in the wider environment (background). Therefore, two “pollution vectors" are generated: one each by LCA and SFA. The former comprises all environmental burdens or impacts generated by a source of interest on a life cycle basis and the latter is defined by the flows of a particular burden (substance or pollutant) generated by different sources in the foreground. The vectors are related to the “unit of analysis" which represents a modified functional unit used in LCA and defines the level of activity of the pollution source of interest. A further methodological development has also included integration of LCA and SFA with F&TM and GIS. A four-step methodology is proposed to enable spatial mapping of pollution from sources through the environment to receptors. The approach involves the use of GIS to map sources of pollution, application of the LCA–SFA approach to define sources of interest and quantify environmental burdens and impacts on a life-cycle basis. This is followed by F&TM to track pollution through the environment and by the quantification of site-specific impacts on human health and the environment. The application of the integrated methodology and the mathematical framework is illustrated by a hypothetical example involving four pollution sources in a city: incineration of MSW, manufacture of PVC, car travel and truck freight.     

Key factors for sustainable operation of smart rural communities in aging societies: Voices of Korean community leaders

The purpose of this study is to identify the success factors for achieving sustainable operation of smart rural communities. Smart rural communities, enabled by smart technology, are regarded as a potential solution to the challenges posed by aging populations in Korea. However, the sustainable operation of smart rural communities is complex, as a variety of factors should be addressed. To address issues of aging problems in rural communities, this study proposes a priority factor for smart rural community service by applying an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and in-depth interviews. The AHP model was designed based on a socio-technical system, and an AHP survey was conducted with community leaders who have experience in smart rural community projects. This study proposes a total of 4 criteria and 16 factors along with their corresponding priorities. The results indicate that the local culture is the most important for a sustainable smart rural community compared to other factors. Specifically, factors such as empathy of rural residents, stable financial support, and the presence of smart technology professionals and technical staff are critical for achieving successful smart rural communities for the elderly people. This study found that the cultural and human aspects are more critical for the sustainable operation of smart rural communities than technology infrastructure. The findings of this study provide valuable insights to other countries similar to Korea facing aging problems in rural areas planning to introduce smart rural communities.     

Streamlined life cycle assessment of residue utilization options in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tongkat Ali </Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eurycoma longifolia</Emphasis>) water extract manufacturing process

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used to compare alternative process options in terms of their overall impact on the environment to easily identify the most environmentally friendly alternative. In this work, a streamlined LCA study was conducted to assess three different residue utilization schemes for Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) extract production. The case study was firstly simulated using a batch process simulation software. The results of mass and energy balances obtained from the simulation software were then subjected to life cycle analysis. By evaluating the different schemes for using the fibrous residue from the extraction process, the potential for environmental process improvement was identified. Overall, use of the residue as process fuel was found to be the most environmentally friendly option. It produces the least emissions and reduces resource usage per unit of product than the other options evaluated.     

The life cycle of the policy for preventing road accidents: an empirical example of the policy for reducing drunk driving crashes in Taipei

The purpose of this paper is to examine the temporal variation of the effect of preventive policy on reducing traffic accidents. The life cycle theory was introduced to describe the safety effect of the intervening policy over time. Poisson regression models with dummy-based and time-based specifications were used to evaluate the effect of an intervening policy over an observation period following its implementation. The policy of "Criminal sanction for drunk driving (CSFDD)" in Taipei city was evaluated as an empirical example to determine whether the temporal variation of safety effect happened to the CSFDD policy. The study results showed that alcohol consumption, arresting the drunk driving offenders, and the implementation of the CSFDD were the significant factors affecting the rate of occurrence of fatal accidents involving drunk driving. The effect of the CSFDD policy appeared to be a rapid initial response followed by a lower rate of decay. The existence of the life cycle implies that employing different observation periods following the implementation of a specific policy to evaluate its performance may obtain different effects. The results of this study are crucial for policy evaluation. The effects of safety policy should be carefully interpreted in order to avoid misleading the relevant authorities in coming to the wrong conclusions and as such make the wrong decisions.     

Environmental impact and life cycle assessment (LCA) of traditional and ‘green’ concretes: Literature review and theoretical calculations

With the current focus on sustainability, it is necessary to evaluate concrete’s environmental impact properly, especially when developing new ‘green’ concrete types. Therefore, we investigated the available literature on every step in the LCA of concrete. The adopted functional unit for which the environmental impact is calculated, influences the outcome significantly. When comparing different concrete compositions, this unit should incorporate differences in strength, durability and service life. Hence, a cradle-to-grave or modified cradle-to-gate approach is advised as system boundary. When using industrial by-products as cement replacing material in ‘green’ concrete, an economical allocation of impacts is recommended. Inventory data on energy use, CO₂, PM₁₀, SO_x and NO_x emissions were collected and assigned to the impact categories of the problem oriented CML 2002 and the damage oriented Eco-indicator 99 impact method. Compared to Portland cement, the impact of blast-furnace slag and fly ash is about an order of a magnitude lower.     

Technology transfer,outsourcing, capability and performance: A comparison of foreign and local firms in Ghana

Owing to intense competition in today's business environment, organisations that aspire to excel in their respective sectors need to develop the appropriate capabilities in order to gain and sustain a competitive edge. Outsourcing and technology transfer provide firms with the platform for developing capability to achieve superior performance in the marketplace. However, in the setting of a developing economy, the relative effects of outsourcing and technology transfer on corporate performance among foreign and local companies when investigated together in an amalgamated model is yet to be examined empirically. To obtain a deeper understanding, two pathways through which outsourcing and technology transfer enhance corporate performance of companies in Ghana are presented. Results of this research indicate differences in the extent to which outsourcing and technology transfer influence capability and subsequently affect corporate performance. Limitations of this study as well as implications of the findings for managers and researchers are ultimately highlighted.     

Linking elements to outcomes of knowledge transfer in the project environment: Current review and future direction

A project is a specific effort to create a unique product, so it is a favorable place for knowledge creation and development. Knowledge can be transferred inside and outside projects and their parent project-based organizations, thus affecting project performance and organizational competitiveness. However, the current research on the elements and outcomes of knowledge transfer (KT) in the project environment lacks completeness and clarity, and that on the different levels of KT is fragmented. This study aims to conduct comprehensive research to determine and link the elements and outcomes of KT in the project environment. The authors systematically analyzed the relevant literature from 2000 to 2021, which showed an increasing publication trend. They divided KT in the project environment into three levels according to the transfer scenario: Intra-project, cross-project, and cross-organizational KT. Five-dimensional transfer elements and two-dimensional transfer outcomes were then identified and analyzed from previous literature. Lastly, the relationships between the transfer elements and outcomes were gathered to create a comprehensive model. Importantly, the knowledge gap in the current literature was highlighted, and future research directions were put forward. This study builds a theoretical framework linking transfer elements to outcomes that can serve as a basis for scholars and practitioners to develop effective strategies for KT in the project environment.