炭/炭复合材料表面氢刻蚀改善等离子体渗Cr层的抗氧化性能

用双层辉光等离子渗金属技术,在炭/炭复合材料表面制备Cr涂层,改善其抗高温氧化性能。渗Cr前先用微波等离子体对炭/炭复合材料表面进行氢刻蚀处理,提高Cr涂层与基体间的结合力。用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X-射线衍射仪分别对刻蚀、渗Cr及氧化后炭/炭复合材料表面形貌、成分及组织结构进行分析。结果表明:经过900℃、1 h刻蚀后,炭/炭复合材料表面形成蜂窝状结构,经后续950℃、2 h渗Cr处理后,在刻蚀后的炭/炭复合材料表面形成厚约5μm的Cr/Cr_yC_x复合涂层,涂层表面致密均匀,无裂纹和剥落;900℃高温循环氧化2.4 h后的失重率为2.79%,抗高温氧化能力较基材得到明显改善。     

炭/炭复合材料声电沉积钙磷生物活性涂层的生长机理

通过声电沉积在炭/炭复合材料表面制备钙磷生物活性涂层,采用SEM（带EDAX）,XDR,FTIR研究电沉积时间对钙磷生物活性涂层的形貌、结构和组成的影响.实验结果表明：沉积初始先在炭/炭表面形成无定形层,片状磷酸氢钙（DCPD）在其表面生长,随着电沉积时间的延长,逐渐向针状的羟基磷灰石Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2（HA）转变,涂层厚度和n（Ca）/n（P）不断增加,涂层的结晶度和电解液的pH值下降.涂层为缺钙磷灰石.同时探讨了在炭/炭复合材料表面钙磷生物活性涂层的生长机理.     

碳纤维表面生长纳米碳管及其增强的炭/炭复合材料

采用化学气相沉积工艺在碳纤维表面生长了纳米碳管,将此种碳纤维作为增强材料,以中间相沥青为基体炭前驱体采用浸渍炭化工艺制备了炭/炭复合材料.观察了所得复合材料断口的微观形貌,测试了抗弯强度及热物理性能.结果表明,碳纤维表面的纳米碳管可以有效地提高纤维与基体的粘结力,复合材料的抗弯性能提高了50%,而对复合材料的导热性能影响较小.     

热处理温度对炭/炭复合材料性能的影响

利用热梯度化学气相沉积工艺制备了炭／炭复合材料,研究了热处理温度对炭／炭复合材料石墨化度、硬度、抗弯强度和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：石墨化度随着热处理温度的升高而增大,炭,炭复合材料石墨化的能垒在2200℃附近;炭／炭复合材料的抗弯强度随着热处理温度的升高,先升高后降低,当热处理温度是2000℃时,所得材料的抗弯强度最高;炭／炭复合材料的硬度和摩擦系数随着热处理温度的升高而降低。     

HfC改性炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀性能

采用金属盐溶液浸渍-TCVI(Thermal Gradient Chemical Vapor Infiltration)法制备了HfC改性炭/炭复合材料.通过氧-乙炔烧蚀实验测试了不同含量HfC改性炭/炭复合材料的抗烧蚀性能;利用DSC-TG,SEM,XRD分析了HfC的形成过程、材料烧蚀前后的微观形貌及物相组成.结果表明HfC的加入降低了炭/炭复合材料的线烧蚀率,其中HfC含量为6.5%(质量分数,下同)的炭/炭复合材料的线烧蚀率最低.HfC具有抑制氧化及弥补缺陷的作用,从而降低了炭/炭复合材料的热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀.     

HfC改性炭/炭复合材料的烧蚀性能

采用金属盐溶液浸渍-TCVI(Thermal Gradient Chemical Vapor Infiltration)法制备了HfC改性炭/炭复合材料.通过氧-乙炔烧蚀实验测试了不同含量HfC改性炭/炭复合材料的抗烧蚀性能;利用DSC-TG,SEM,XRD分析了HfC的形成过程、材料烧蚀前后的微观形貌及物相组成.结果表明:HfC的加入降低了炭/炭复合材料的线烧蚀率,其中HfC含量为6.5%(质量分数,下同)的炭/炭复合材料的线烧蚀率最低.HfC具有抑制氧化及弥补缺陷的作用,从而降低了炭/炭复合材料的热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀.     

氧化锆基双陶瓷层热障涂层表层材料研究进展

双陶瓷层热障涂层是热障涂层技术的发展方向之一。等离子喷涂和电子束-物理气相沉积技术是目前最常用的双层涂层制备技术,但存在的固有缺点影响涂层性能的发挥。可实现非视线沉积的等离子-物理气相沉积技术效率高,能对涂层微观结构进行精准调控,发展潜力巨大。稀土氧化物掺杂ZrO2、A2B2O7型烧绿石和萤石结构化合物、钇铝石榴石、独居石结构的稀土磷酸盐、氧化铝等材料被作为表层陶瓷,分别与传统的6%~8%Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2（(6~8)YSZ）层组合构成双陶瓷层,可有效降低涂层的热导率,极大地改善抗熔盐热腐蚀性能,提高耐热温度等。如YSZ/CeO2和TiO2共稳定的ZrO2双层涂层可大幅提高隔热性能,La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7能有效提高整个涂层的使用寿命,钇铝石榴石能阻隔氧渗入YSZ层并防止粘结层金属的氧化,GdPO4能与Na2SO4+V2O5熔盐反应形成稠密反应层并抑制熔盐的进一步渗入,纳米Al2O3可形成致密结构,并提高涂层的抗热腐蚀能力和抗高温氧化能力。但是,绝大部分材料的热膨胀系数较低、断裂韧性较差,限制了涂层整体性能的发挥。结合纳米技术和等离子-物理气相沉积等新的制备技术,改性修饰稀土锆酸盐等表层材料的热物理性能,引入稀土钽酸盐等热导率低、韧性强、阻氧性好的材料,被认为能提高双层涂层的隔热性能和使用寿命。     

Cr含量对炭/炭复合材料SiC/Al-Si抗氧化涂层的影响(英文)

采用料浆法在已制得SiC内涂层炭/炭(C/C)复合材料(SiC-C/C)表面,制备了不同Cr含量(质量分数分别为0%,31.85%,44.95%及55.57%)的Al-Si合金涂层。分别采用X射线衍射法(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及1773K静态空气气氛中的恒温氧化试验,测试了所得涂层试样的微观结构及抗氧化性能。结果表明:Cr元素可以显著提高Al-Si合金涂层的抗氧化性能;Cr含量为44.95%的Al-Si合金涂层SiC-C/C复合材料试样在1773K空气气氛中氧化197h后的氧化增重为0.079%(质量分数)。     

熔盐电沉积法制备铱及铱合金涂层的研究进展

铱优异的理化性能使其成为高温抗氧化防护领域最重要的涂层材料之一。对制备铱涂层的多种方法进行了比较和分析,在此基础上,介绍了熔盐电沉积法制备铱及其合金涂层的装置和沉积前处理,讨论了熔盐体系、温度、电流密度及波形、环境气氛等工艺参数对涂层制备的影响,总结了铱及其合金涂层的性能和应用,指出了尚需研究的若干关键问题。     

新型SiC-MoSi2/Al-O-Ti炭/炭抗氧化复合涂层的制备及其性能研究

采用包埋和涂刷法制备出一种新型的炭/炭复合材料抗氧化涂层,它由自愈合内涂层、热膨胀系数匹配过渡层、氧阻挡层三层复合而成.用SEM,XRD对它的组分和形貌进行了表征,同时测试了涂层在1 000,1 300和1 400℃下的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能.实验结果表明:该涂层能在1 400℃下有效保护炭/炭材料达50 h以上,经过...     

C/C复合材料高温抗烧蚀涂层的研究进展

C/C复合材料在高温燃气高速冲刷环境中的严重氧化烧蚀限制了其在航空航天等领域的广泛应用,采用抗烧蚀涂层技术是目前提高该材料高温抗烧蚀性能的有效方法。综述了近年来国内外C/C复合材料高温抗烧蚀涂层在玻璃涂层、金属涂层、陶瓷涂层等体系方面的研究进展,总结并评价了C/C复合材料抗烧蚀涂层的抗烧蚀性能测试技术及其研究成果,提出了C/C复合材料高温抗烧蚀涂层在未来研究中潜在的重点发展方向。     

ZrSiO4 Oxidation Protective Coating for SiC-Coated Carbon/Carbon Composites Prepared by Supersonic Plasma Spraying

To protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites against oxidation, ZrSiO₄ oxidation protective coating was prepared on SiC-coated C/C composites by supersonic plasma spraying. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase and microstructure of the coating. The results show that the as-prepared ZrSiO₄ coating is continuous and well bonded with the SiC inner layer without penetrating crack, which exhibits good oxidation-resistant properties. After oxidation at 1773 K in air for 97 h and nine thermal shock cycles between 1773 K and room temperature, the weight loss of the coated C/C composites was only 0.08%. The excellent oxidation-resistant properties of the coating were attributed to its dense structure and the formation of the stable ZrO₂-SiO₂ glassy mixture on the surface of ZrSiO₄ coating.     

Ablation-resistant Ir/Re coating on C/C composites at ultra-high temperatures

An iridium/rhenium(Ir/Re)double-layer coating was prepared on carbon/carbon(C/C)composites by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and electrodeposition.The morphologies and bond strengths of the coatings on the C/C substrate were examined.The ablation resistance of the Ir/Re coating was studied at 1800℃in an oxyacetylene torch flame for 300 s.The results show that Re interlayer increases the bond strength between Ir coating and C/C substrate by over 100%.During entire hightemperature ablation process,Ir/Re coating keeps intact without any signs of ablation damage.Ir coating gets smoother and the grain size becomes larger after ablation,with the preferred orientation changing from h311i to h220i:Although some voids are observed along the grain boundaries of the as-ablated Ir coating,Ir/Re coating keeps intact on C/C composites.The study indicates that Ir/Re coating can provide good ablation resistance up to 1800℃for C/C composites,especially for the continuous ablation applications.     

连续旋转CVI快速制备C/C复合材料

连续旋转化学气相浸渗是在CVI原理基础上发展的一种快速制备C/C复合材料的新工艺。通过底部发热体加热使石墨衬底及缠绕其上的二维C布获得了具有低、中、高三个温度区域的合理温度场 ,使微观孔隙与宏观孔隙分别在不同的温度区进行致密化。在沉积过程中反应物气体渗入的深度仅为一层 (或几层 )C布 ,突破了一般CVI法中“瓶颈”效应对沉积温度的制约 ,使沉积速度显著提高。通过实验研究了沉积温度、反应物气体中C3H6 浓度和衬底旋转线速度等对沉积速度的影响 ,以及反应物气体在反应区的停留时间与沉积温度对C3H6 转化率的影响。     

SiC/SiC–YAG–YSZ oxidation protective coatings for carbon/carbon composites

SiC/SiC–YAG–YSZ coatings were prepared by pack cementation, chemical vapor deposition and slurry painting on carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. The microstructures and oxidation behavior of coatings were investigated. The results show that the coatings displayed good oxidation and thermal shock resistance due to a dense glassy layer with silicates formed on the coating of SiC–YAG–YSZ. The weight gain rate of coated C/C composites was 1.77% after oxidation for 150 h at 1773 K. SiC in outer coating can promote the formation of oxygen diffusion barrier and lead to the optimum oxidation resistance for the coatings, compared with YSZ and YAG.     

Anti-oxidation behavior of chemical vapor reaction SiC coatings on different carbon materials at high temperatures

To protect carbon materials from oxidation, SiC coatings were prepared on carbon/carbon(C/C) composites and graphite by chemical vapor reaction. SEM and XRD analyses show that the coatings obtained are composed of SiC grains and micro-crystals. The influence of different carbon substrates on oxidation behavior of coated samples was investigated, and then their oxidation mechanisms were studied. Oxidation test shows that the SiC coated graphite has a better oxidation resistance than SiC coated C/C composites at high temperatures (1 623 K and 1 823 K). In the oxidation process, the oxidation curves of SiC coated C/C composites are linear, while those of SiC coated graphite follow a quasi-parabolic manner. The oxidation mechanism of the former is controlled by chemical reaction while the latter is controlled by oxygen diffusion based on the experimental results. The variation of oxidation behavior and mechanism of SiC coatings on two kinds of carbon substrates are primarily contributed to their structure differences.     

Double SiC coating on carbon/carbon composites against oxidation by a two-step method

To improve the oxidation resistance of C/C composites, a double SiC protective coating was prepared by a two-step technique. Firstly, the inner SiC layer was prepared by a pack cementation technique, and then an outer uniform and compact SiC coating was obtained by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The microstructures and phase compositions of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. Oxidation behaviour of the SiC coated C/C composites was also investigated. It was found that the double SiC coating could protect C/C composites against oxidation at 1773 K in air for 178 h with a mass loss of 1.25%. The coated samples also underwent thermal shocks between 1773 K and room temperature 16 times. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites was only 2.74%. Double SiC layer structures were uniform and dense, and can suppress the generation of thermal stresses, facilitating an excellent anti-oxidation coating.     

Tensile Properties of Polyimide Composites Incorporating Carbon Nanotubes-Grafted and Polyimide-Coated Carbon Fibers

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of polyimide composite bundles incorporating carbon nanotubes-grafted (CNT-grafted) and polyimide-coated (PI-coated) high-tensile-strength polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based (T1000GB), and high-modulus pitch-based (K13D) carbon fibers were investigated. The CNT were grown on the surface of the carbon fibers by chemical vapor deposition. The pyromellitic dianhydride/4,4′-oxydianiline PI nanolayer coating was deposited on the surface of the carbon fiber by high-temperature vapor deposition polymerization. The results clearly demonstrate that CNT grafting and PI coating were effective for improving the Weibull modulus of T1000GB PAN-based and K13D pitch-based carbon fiber bundle composites. In addition, the average tensile strength of the PI-coated T1000GB carbon fiber bundle composites was also higher than that of the as-received carbon fiber bundle composites, while the average tensile strength of the CNT-grafted T1000GB, K13D, and the PI-coated K13D carbon fiber bundle composites was similar to that of the as-received carbon fiber bundle composites.     

SiC nanowire-toughened SiC-MoSi2-CrSi2 oxidation protective coating for carbon/carbon composites

To prevent carbon/carbon (C/C) composites from oxidation, a dense SiC nanowire-toughened SiC-MoSi₂-CrSi₂ multiphase coating was prepared by the two-step technique composed of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and pack cementation. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SiC nanowires could decrease the dimension of cracks and improve the oxidation and thermal shock resistance of SiC-MoSi₂-CrSi₂ multiphase coating. Oxidation test shows that, after introducing SiC nanowires, the weight loss of the coated sample can be reduced from 1.06% to 0.64% after oxidation at 1773 K for 155 h and decreased from 6.92% to 3.42% after thermal cycling between 1773 K and room temperature for 30 times.