新品葡萄啤酒的开发

介绍了葡萄的营养成分、营养价值和保健功能。重点介绍了红葡萄酒与嫩啤酒混合配制型、葡萄汁和麦芽汁混合发酵配制型、以葡萄原酒和麦芽汁等调配型三种葡萄啤酒生产的技术要点和质量标准。     

葡萄醋工艺技术的研究

本研究探讨了以葡萄，葡萄汁和葡萄原酒为原料，并采用固态工艺和液态工艺酿造食醋的小试和中试工艺技术，近年来，由于国内葡萄种植面积扩大，葡萄酒厂相继建立，再加上市场疲软，致使葡萄酒产量无于销量，造成葡萄酒带销，原酒库存积压，严重影响了农民的收入和企业的经济效益，同时，由于国内食醋酿造用粮完全变为市场调节，价格猛增，因此食醋生产原料急需找到新的来源，通过近两年的努力，山东大学微生物系与济南酿造厂密切合作，从优良菌种的选育到小试工艺条件的探索，最后研究出了最佳液态和固态中试工艺条件，顺昨地完成了葡萄醛的研制开发。     

果胶酶对红葡萄酒主要成分的影响

以赤霞珠和蛇龙珠葡萄为原料，在葡萄破碎除梗后加入不同浓度的葡萄酒专用果胶酶，分析其对葡萄汁成分、葡萄酒发酵参数及原酒主要成分的影响。结果表明，加入果胶酶对葡萄汁的糖酸含量几乎无影响，但可降低汁液的粘度，利于色素的溶出，颜色较深；加入果胶酶的样品比未加果胶酶的样品发酵剧烈迅速，可降低挥发酸的生成量；可使原酒干浸出物含量和总酚含量增加，提高葡萄酒质量；残糖略有上升，但均在4g／L以下，不影响葡萄酒质量。     

高级刺梨葡萄酒的生产开发

高级刺梨葡萄酒是以葡萄原酒和刺梨果汁按照科学的工艺生产而成。本文介绍了刺梨果汁，葡萄原酒和高级刺梨葡萄酒的生产工艺流程、生产要求及质量标准。     

可同化氮含量对赤霞珠葡萄酒发酵和香气成分的影响

选取山西戎子酒庄有限公司不同位置的三个葡萄园(驮腰坡,东廒北,东廒南),对各葡萄园进行土壤含氮量、赤霞珠葡萄及葡萄酒发酵过程中可同化氮(YAN)含量、葡萄酒理化指标与香气成分的检测分析。结果表明,葡萄果实可同化氮含量可能主要与土壤铵态氮含量有关。不同葡萄园的赤霞珠葡萄汁可同化氮的含量不同,均超过了150 mg/L,能保证发酵顺利进行。如果需要添加可同化氮时,应以此时测定的可同化氮含量为依据,避免添加过量。原酒中酯类和醇类相对含量由高到低依次为：驮腰坡＞东廒南助剂＞东廒北＞东廒南,这与葡萄汁中可同化氮含量呈正相关。     

中国葡萄酿酒技术规范

第一部分定义 1 葡萄 1.1 鲜葡萄葡萄园中成熟的鲜果。 1.2 酿酒葡萄根据其特点,主要用于酿酒的鲜葡萄。 2 葡萄汁鲜葡萄经破碎或挤压得到的液体。     

果胶酶在野山生葡萄酒生产中的应用试验

通过对野生山葡萄酒生产的不同工序阶段进行果胶酶应用试验，提出只有在后发酵结束后新山葡萄原酒入窖贮藏前进行果胶酶处理才能提高野生山葡萄原酒质量，加速原酒成熟。     

果胶酶在野生山葡萄酒生产中的应用试验

通过对野生山葡萄酒生产的不同工序阶段进行果胶酶应用试验，提出只有在后发酵结束后新山葡萄原酒入窖贮藏前进行果胶酶处理才能提高野生山葡萄原酒质量，加速原酒成熟。     

葡萄酒的制造法

在糖浓度10—18％的葡萄汁中,接种灰绿葡萄孢(Batrytis cinerea)培养,使培养液的甘油浓度增加到0.1％以上,并且使I.T.T.价(Indicator Time Test——指示剂时间试验,为了解葡萄洒、啤酒氧化采用的方法)不超过600秒的范围,接着将该培养液浓缩或者该培养液加入用常法浓缩得到的葡萄汁,调整其糖浓度为24—45％,然后添加葡萄酒酵母使其发酵,这就是以此为特征的具有出色香气和风味的葡萄酒制造     

玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒的生产及风味特征分析

将天津产地玫瑰香葡萄推迟采摘,作为生产玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒原料。通过小试试验确定了葡萄汁冷冻分离温度为-6℃。对葡萄汁进行冷冻浓缩处理,得到了高糖度的玫瑰香葡萄汁,并发酵生产出玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒。利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术对此玫瑰香甜白葡萄酒的风味特征进行分析,定性检测出66种风味物质,并对23种风味物质进行了准确定量分析。     

干白葡萄啤酒的研究

利用优质大麦芽、大米、酒花、白葡萄为主要原料 ,经过葡萄的酒精发酵、陈酿 ,再参与啤酒发酵、贮藏过程 ,使产品即保留了传统啤酒的风格 ,又具备干白葡萄酒的特征 ,该产品新颖、独特 ,色、香、味具佳。此产品的开发 ,可充分利用啤酒厂与葡萄酒厂现有设备和我国丰富的葡萄资源 ,节约粮食 ,生产高档啤酒。开拓了啤酒与葡萄酒生产的新途径     

蛋白酶在酒类生产中的应用现状

蛋白酶在白酒、果酒及啤酒生产中应用广泛,对蛋白酶在提高白酒出酒率及香味物质浓度、提高葡萄酒澄清效果以及啤酒泡沫稳定性等方面的应用现状作了概述,并探讨了其在白酒生产中的研究方向。     

冰酒酿造工艺条件的优化

传统的冰酒的生产工艺需将葡萄在葡萄园经自然冰冻后采摘,并在冰冻状态下压榨。榨得葡萄汁在10℃～12℃缓慢发酵数周,然后在桶中陈酿数月而成。冰酒受自然因素影响很大,因此价格高昂。文中提出一种在工艺上进行优化,采用人工制冷冰冻的工艺,使葡萄汁中浓缩很高的糖、酸和风味成分,利用冰冻条件的优化,从而制成低成本高品质的冰酒。     

酶膜分离法果汁澄清工艺

运用果胶酶，淀粉酶等澄清剂，结合膜分离技术，分析得出适合沙棘，柠檬汁，梨汁，猕猴桃汁，葡萄汁，梨汁，猕猴桃汁，葡萄汁，山渣汁，枣汁等果汁的澄清工艺。能有效去除果汁饮料中的果胶，蛋白和高级棕榈酸酯絮状物等造成沉淀的物质。     

Occurrence and stability of inorganic and organic arsenic species in wines, rice wines and beers from Central European market

We investigated in total 80 wine samples of different types and seven grape juice and 23 beer samples purchased from markets in Central Europe in order to understand the arsenic (As) speciation and help assess the potential As toxicity via intake of alcoholic beverages. Generally, total As concentrations in most samples investigated were below the drinking water limit 10 μg l(-1) published by the World Health Organization (WHO); ranging from 0.46 to 21.0 μg l(-1) As in red and white wines and from 0.75 to 13.4 μg l(-1) As in beers. In addition, concentrations of total As in rice wine and in rice beer were 0.63-6.07 and 3.69-8.23 μg l(-1) As, respectively. The total As concentrations in ice wine ranged from 7.94 to 18.8 μg l(-1) As, significantly higher than in white and red wine. Arsenite predominated as the As species in most of the wine samples, whereas arsenate was the dominant species in rice wine, beer and rice beer. Methyl As components were usually minor components in all wine and beer samples. Monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and two additional unknown As species were frequently found in grape juice, late harvest and ice wine with higher sweetness. After air exposure, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid were stable at 4°C for months, probably due to the acidic conditions of wine and beer samples. The presence of sulfite had little influence on As speciation in wine. Despite the predominance of more toxic arsenite and arsenate in wine and beer, the estimated weekly exposure to As (via consumption of beer, wine and rice wine) is low. The As intake per capita is 6.81 μg from beer, <1.93 μg from wine and 0.88 μg from rice wine, estimated using the median of total As concentration multiplied by the average consumption per capita of the corresponding beverage.     

日本含醇调味料的开发

含醇调味料除能赋予食品独特的风味外,还具有抗茵防腐的效果。介绍了日本开发的4种含醇调味料。啤酒型风味调料是以麦芽为主料,采用啤酒酵母发酵而得,适合于家庭烹饪鱼、肉类菜、汤、点心的调料与佐料,能去腥、嫩化肉类,提高食品风味。含曲类酒精调味料是将曲或其提取物与含酒精调味剂混合,并使水溶性多糖混合物溶解于此混合物中,然后喷雾干燥制成含曲与酒精的调味剂粉末。发酵酒类调味料指在清酒、烧酒、葡萄酒和啤酒等发酵酒类中加入2％～3％食盐而成发酵酒类调味液。粉末发酵含酒调味料是将清酒、白兰地、威士忌及其它发酵酒类浓缩后,加入赋形剂喷雾干燥而制成的。     

对葡萄酒酒香酵母属不良风味抑制的研究进展

酒香酵母属是葡萄酒中固有的一种微生物,影响葡萄酒的品质.它在葡萄酒酿制的整个过程中代谢产生一种以4-乙基苯酚和4-乙基愈创木酚为典型的风味特征的一类不良风味,这些不良风味的存在降低了葡萄酒的品质,从而对葡萄酒工业造成严重的经济损失.本文对酒香酵母属的生理特征和葡萄酒易受其感染的原因进行综述以及对不良风味的抑制方法进行分类综述,以期国内葡萄酒工业对酒香酵母属不良风味的抑制有所借鉴.     

葡萄百香果酒的酿造工艺研究

以葡萄和百香果为原料,复合发酵开发一款风味独特的果酒。通过单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合试验优化复合果酒酿造工艺,并对产品质量进行评定。结果表明,葡萄百香果酒的最佳工艺参数为酵母添加量（葡萄酒活性干酵母∶耐高温活性干酵母=1∶1）0.4%、葡萄汁:百香果汁1∶4（V/V）,初始糖度24 °Bx、发酵温度23 ℃、发酵时间7 d,在此优化条件下,得到的葡萄百香果酒果味浓郁、色泽金黄、酸甜适中、口感清爽,感官评分为84.35分,其酒精度为（12.3±1.3）%vol,糖含量（3.08±0.38）g/L,总酸含量为（6.65±0.29）g/L,符合国家标准要求,是一款品质较佳的风味果酒。     

Occurrence and stability of inorganic and organic arsenic species in wines,rice wines and beers from Central European market

We investigated in total 80 wine samples of different types and seven grape juice and 23 beer samples purchased from markets in Central Europe in order to understand the arsenic (As) speciation and help assess the potential As toxicity via intake of alcoholic beverages. Generally, total As concentrations in most samples investigated were below the drinking water limit 10?µg?l^?1 published by the World Health Organization (WHO); ranging from 0.46 to 21.0?µg?l^?1 As in red and white wines and from 0.75 to 13.4?µg?l^?1 As in beers. In addition, concentrations of total As in rice wine and in rice beer were 0.63–6.07 and 3.69–8.23?µg?l^?1 As, respectively. The total As concentrations in ice wine ranged from 7.94 to 18.8?µg?l^?1 As, significantly higher than in white and red wine. Arsenite predominated as the As species in most of the wine samples, whereas arsenate was the dominant species in rice wine, beer and rice beer. Methyl As components were usually minor components in all wine and beer samples. Monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and two additional unknown As species were frequently found in grape juice, late harvest and ice wine with higher sweetness. After air exposure, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid were stable at 4°C for months, probably due to the acidic conditions of wine and beer samples. The presence of sulfite had little influence on As speciation in wine. Despite the predominance of more toxic arsenite and arsenate in wine and beer, the estimated weekly exposure to As (via consumption of beer, wine and rice wine) is low. The As intake per capita is 6.81?µg from beer, <1.93?µg from wine and 0.88?µg from rice wine, estimated using the median of total As concentration multiplied by the average consumption per capita of the corresponding beverage.     

Headspace-based techniques to identify the principal volatile compounds in red grape cultivars

The control of the raw material has a great influence on the final quality of wine. Nowadays, wineries have practically not incorporated an effective quality control of grape juice on their production process. Although wine aroma has been widely analysed, grape juice aroma for wine-making has been poorly studied. In this study, two headspace-based technique methodologies have been proposed to characterise the aroma of grape juice: static headspace (SHS) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Both techniques were applied on the samples from three maturation stages of two red grape cultivars: Tempranillo and Bobal, ranked first in Spanish and in Valencian Community cultivars, respectively. This study identifies the principal volatile compounds of grape juice: C₆ compounds, especially alcohols and aldehydes, using both techniques. It was confirmed that SHS and HS-SPME techniques could be incorporated into the process of the grape quality control in wineries as a result of its operational simplicity, low cost and reduced ecological impact compared with other conventional organic solvent-based techniques.