裕压发电在氧化铝高压溶出生产中的应用

结合山西铝厂氧化铝分厂引进的法国彼斯涅铝业公司生产的高压溶出器组供热方案的设计工作实践．通过技术分析和经济比较，设计了在高压溶出生产中用高背压前置式汽轮发电机组替代减温减压器的裕压发电供热方案。提出了符合我国能源现状的供热流程，同时论述了利用原有厂房和设施进行裕压发电设备布置和管道安装的可行性。总结出了一套节资、节能、综合利用现有能源，实现热电联产的设计经验。对今后工业生产中采用高压蒸汽供热系统的设计、安装、运行具有一定的指导意义。     

低压蒸汽差压发电技术应用

钢厂低压蒸汽在减温减压处理过程中没有有效收集利用会造成能源浪费,该文提出了低压蒸汽差压发电技术,利用螺杆膨胀动力机回收蒸汽的势能做功发电,并介绍了该螺杆发电机组的螺杆膨胀动力机、控制系统、动力系统等。经试验验证,该技术能有效回收低品位能源处理过程中损失的能耗。     

汽轮机凝汽器改造

对凝汽器进行改造,增设了螺旋纽带清洗装置,使抽汽凝汽式汽轮发电机组得以满负荷运行发电,促进了生产的连续性和经济的持续增长.     

简论铝企业余热发电技术

我国铝企业氧化铝生产需用大量蒸汽，以中、低压锅炉生产所需蒸汽，效率低且成本高，不可取，而以高压锅炉则出口温度、压力均过高。曾用减压降温器，致无益损耗大量热能。经调查研究决定改用温度压力过高部分（余热）来发电，既满足供热，又可发电供全部或部分生产用电量，并且投资少而经济效益显著，返本年限一般不超过１年，最多２年以内，发电成本比购电费用减少０．１７元／ｋＷｈ以上。积三十余年设计建设３０余座热电厂和自备电站的经验，指出；系统供电为主时，应选用背压式汽轮发电机组，自各热电站供热供电为主者，应选用抽汽式汽轮发电机组，系统供电为主而系统无电者，可选用凝汽机组补救或用背压机及抽汽机组合方案；一般情况下，发电电压即为厂区配电电压较为合理。     

600WM汽轮发电机组汽封弹簧片断裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、金相组织观察、显微硬度测试和扫描电镜断口形貌观察,对某发电公司600 WM汽轮发电机组汽封弹簧片断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明,该弹簧片的断裂是由于不当的热处理工艺,使磷元素偏聚于晶界,极大地提高了材料的脆性,最终导致弹簧片脆性断裂。     

中铝山西分公司热电分厂6#汽轮机组大修试车中存在的问题分析与解决对策

中铝山西分公司6#汽轮发电机组在大修后试车中，存在胀差偏大、汽缸漏汽、后汽封磨擦等问题，不能投入生产，本文通过对试车过程的记录数据进行了分析，找出原因，并解决了这些问题。     

用毛泽东思想统帅一切无往而不胜

我国第一台十二万五千瓩双水内冷汽轮发电机组,是我国自行设计、自行制造和安装的第一台具有世界先进水平的大型汽轮发电机组。这台汽轮发电机组,不仅在汽轮发电机上,采用了我国工人阶级首创的“双水内冷”这一世界最新冷却技术,而且在锅炉和汽轮机上,还采用了高温高压中间再热等一系列世界先进技术,因而这台机组具有容量大,体积小,重量轻,耗煤低等优点。这台大型机组,从设计制造施工安装到发电只用了十个月的时间,这样快的速度,在世界电机制造和电力工业历史上是罕见的。这一     

6号机排汽管道状态检验

通过对中铝山西分公司热电分厂6号汽轮发电机组排汽管道的弯头、焊缝、直管段等部住进行测厚、超声波检验、渗透(磁粉)检验等，对排汽管道存在的问题进行了处理，并对管道进行了强度校核，为安全生产提供了保证。     

J1125型250吨冷室卧式压铸机

本机为冷室队式压蔫机,供压臻锌、铝、铜等有色金属合金簿件使用。适用于航空、汽草、拖拉机、电孰、仪表等工业部阴大批量生产中型压筹件。     

660MW汽轮发电机组中压缸汽封螺栓的断裂原因分析

某电厂660MW汽轮发电机组中压缸轴封漏汽严重,检修中发现中压缸前端下部端汽封体垂直结合面螺栓以及下部轴封漏汽盒处端部螺栓均发生断裂现象。通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口宏观形貌观察、金相组织检查、非金属夹杂物分析等手段,分析了螺栓断裂的原因。排除螺栓产生腐蚀疲劳、应力腐蚀、高温脆化断裂、高温蠕变断裂的可能性。最终确定了螺栓断裂原因为疲劳断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。