膜技术集成对黄浆水乳清蛋白的高效分离

通过超滤膜中试分离设备对黄浆水进行超滤试验研究,从黄浆水中高效分离大豆蛋白及糖类物质。通过研究不同温度、压力等条件对黄浆水超滤过程渗透流量和截留率的影响,选用5 ku卷式超滤膜,在操作压力为0.5 MPa、45℃时膜通量最大,稳定后可达23.3 L/m~2·h。140 L原料经板框过滤前处理后通过超滤浓缩7倍,之后补水至原体积进行稀释过滤,结果表明,黄浆水经超滤膜技术集成处理后,蛋白截留率为83.44%,总糖透过率为93.73%,可有效分离大豆蛋白和低聚糖,为黄浆水综合利用奠定良好的基础。稀释过滤后膜通量衰减系数为36.29%,经0.3%Na OH溶液清洗后,膜通量恢复系数为97.58%。     

基于超临界CO_2萃取技术提取酿酒黄水中风味物质

采用超临界萃取技术从黄浆水中提取风味物质,系统研究萃取条件(萃取压力、乙醇夹带剂添加量、萃取温度)、分离条件(压力、温度、时间)等工艺参数对黄浆水中风味物质萃取物得率以及风味物质总量的影响。实验结果表明黄浆水含有丰富的风味物质,最优萃取工艺条件下黄浆水中风味物质最高萃取得率为7. 4%,超临界CO_2萃取技术提高了黄浆水的利用率及白酒行业的经济效益和社会效益。     

应用纳滤膜分离大豆黄浆水的研究

试验研究了操作条件对纳滤膜分离无机盐水溶液以及蔗糖水溶液的影响 ,并对大豆黄浆水超滤透过液进行了纳滤浓缩试验。结果表明 ,操作条件对NaCl、KCl、CaCl2 的截留率影响较大 ,而对MgCl2 、Na2 SO4和蔗糖水溶液基本没有影响。纳滤浓缩大豆黄浆水超滤透过液 ,适宜的操作条件为操作压强 0 5MPa ,温度 4 0℃。     

应用纳滤膜分离大豆黄浆水的研究

试验研究了操作条件对纳滤膜分离无机盐水溶液以及蔗糖水溶液的影响，并对大豆黄浆水超滤透过液进行了纳滤浓缩试验。结果表明，操作条件对NaCl、KCl、CaC12的截留率影响较大，而对MgCl2、Na2SO4和蔗糖水溶液基本没有影响。纳滤浓缩大豆黄浆水超滤透过液，适宜的操作条件为操作压强0．5MPa，温度40℃。     

响应面法优化黄浆水絮凝工艺及其代谢组学分析

为了提高黄浆水的附加值和利用率,缓解排放黄浆水带来的环境污染,本文对黄浆水中的可溶性固形物进行絮凝处理。在单因素实验基础上结合响应面法对黄浆水中可溶性固形物的絮凝工艺进行优化,并且对絮凝前后黄浆水进行了蛋白质和总糖含量测定、生化需氧量和化学需氧量测定以及代谢组学测定。实验结果表明,絮凝沉降黄浆水可溶性固形物最佳工艺参数为:壳聚糖添加量为0.54 mg/mL,海藻酸钠添加量为0.24 mg/mL,pH为4.4,温度为47 ℃,此时黄浆水可溶性固形物沉降率为（46.26%±0.38%）;蛋白质含量下降40.68%、总糖含量下降8.41%;生化需氧量和化学需氧量去除率分别为43%、40.95%。代谢组学实验结果表明:黄浆水絮凝前后有66种化合物含量存在显著变化。本研究结果表明絮凝能有效的降低黄浆水中可溶性固形物的含量,为黄浆水的进一步开发利用提供一定的参考。     

酶聚合结合超滤技术分离豆腐废水乳清蛋白的工艺研究

为改善豆腐乳清蛋白及低聚糖的回收率、提高膜通量,研究采用转谷氨酰胺酶在豆腐黄浆水自然条件下(温度50℃、pH值6.0)对乳清原液预处理,使蛋白质聚合,方便后续分离工艺选用截留分子量大的超滤膜分离大豆乳清蛋白。数据显示转谷氨酰胺酶Ⅰ可有效催化大豆乳清蛋白聚合,1%的酶添加量50℃反应30min即可催化95%以上的大豆乳清蛋白聚合,酶添加量3‰,聚合时间延长至5h。与对照组相比,乳清采用酶法预处理然后超滤分离,蛋白截留率及膜通量分别提高了2倍和1.3倍,而低聚糖的透过率没有明显影响。试验结果表明,相对于单纯的超滤工艺酶聚合预处理乳清然后超滤的分离效果是显著的。     

超滤法分离PVA退浆水的研究

采用中空纤维超滤膜中试装置 ,对聚乙烯醇 (PVA)退浆水进行分离回收 ,探讨了料液运行时间、膜两侧压差、料液温度、主流液循环流量等因素对超滤性能的影响。得出超滤膜处理PVA废水的工艺条件。     

发酵乳中ACE抑制剂的超滤分离

为了获得ACE抑制活性更高、更稳定的降血压产品,采用超滤方法对瑞士乳杆菌(L.helveticus)发酵乳进行分离浓缩,得到了超滤分离工艺的最适条件:发酵乳在4℃条件下经400目滤布袋过滤获得乳清。将此乳清直接用于超滤,不用调整pH值,不用预先经过微孔滤膜过滤;超滤过程采用截留分子量为10ku的超滤膜,在室温、1.38×105Pa压力条件下直接进行超滤。结果表明,此产品具有比发酵乳更强的ACE抑制活性。     

酪蛋白糖巨肽超滤分离的工艺优化研究

目的:研究超滤分离酪蛋白糖巨肽的最优工艺参数,以达到最佳超滤通量性能。方法:采用超滤方法分离乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC80)中的酪蛋白糖巨肽,研究料液pH值、操作压力和温度等对膜渗透通量的影响。利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳技术分析超滤截留液的相对分子量分布。结果:实验表明溶液pH7.0、操作压力0.3MPa、温度45℃时膜渗透通量最高,超滤酪蛋白糖巨肽的截留率达到97.54%,产物纯度达到92.45%,经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳测定,酪蛋白糖巨肽的平均分子量68.86%为30.47ku,31.14%为19.22ku。结论:超滤技术是将酪蛋白糖巨肽与其他乳清蛋白分离的有效方法。     

超高效液相色谱法测定黄浆水中乳酸的含量

目的:建立了超高效液相色谱法测定黄浆水中乳酸含量的方法。方法:样品经稀释、过滤,直接进样,采用Acquity HSS T3色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm×1.8μm)分离,0.02mol/L的磷酸二氢钾作流动相,流速:0.1mL/min,进样量:1μL,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长?208nm。结果:在100mg/L～1500mg/L范围内呈线性,相关系数R~2为0.9972,黄浆水样品加标回收率为88.3%～96.8%。结论:该方法满足方法学精密度的要求,可用于检测黄浆水中的乳酸含量,从而监测黄浆水是否异常,为白酒固态发酵监控提供数据依据。     

Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis of the Waste Water from Sweet Potato Starch Process

The primary waste water discharged from pilot plant scale sweet potato starch manufacturing was processed by ultrafiltration (UF). The UF permeate was then concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO). Growth of microorganisms in waste water would reduce the flux of UF. When the feed velocity of UF was higher than 2.5 m/sec, its positive effect on permeation rate was no longer existent. Relationships between transmembrane pressure and permeate flux were linear at all tested concentrations. UF filtered protein and calcium reduced two-thirds of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and half the chemical oxygen demand (COD) at weight concentration ratio (WCR) of 5. With RO the rest of the components were recovered and BOD and COD were reduced more than 99% and 98%, respectively, at a WCR of 6.     

黄浆水的综合利用探索

黄浆水为棕黄色、粘稠混合物。因其含有丰富的有机物,故黄浆水的综合利用大有可为。黄浆水在简单处理后进行勾调酒、黄浆水在强化窖泥保养、利用黄浆水中的大量有机酸生产饮料、黄浆水沼气发酵、利用黄浆水生产单细胞蛋白饲料、利用黄浆水制作人工窖泥、利用黄浆水生产酯化液、利用黄浆水强化粮醅发酵、己酸菌液驯化培养以及利用黄浆水制作香醅等方面均可开展应用,上面的应用全面体现黄浆水的综合利用价值。     

Methods for Estimating Oxygen Demand of Liquid Peach Waste

SUMMARY— The amount of total solids (TS) in liquid peach waste has high correlations with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and determination of TS required less time, equipment, and technique than the other methods for estimating oxygen demand. In a small number of observations, removing large suspended particles from the waste by filtering or settling decreased COD, but the treatment effects on BOD were inconsistent. BOD changed with time at temperatures above freezing, but COD did not.     

Characterization and Bioconversion of Great Northern Bean Blancher Effluent

Chemical characterization of blanching effluent and bioconversion by Hansenula anamola was performed. The effluent contained 27,000 mg/L BOD and 31,000 mg/L total solids including 49.5% starch and 23.6% protein (dry basis). A high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD): chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio (0.95) indicated a waste easily and completely degradable, with nitrogen and phosphorus levels above those necessary for unimpeded microbial growth. Batch fermentations of raw effluent produced 12g dry cells/L, containing 53% protein, with a corresponding 84% reduction in BOD. Great Northern bean blanching effluent was demonstrated to be a suitable growth medium for H. anomala.     

Urban wastewater treatment by a nutrient film technique system with a valuable commercial plant species (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Trev.)

Urban wastewater causes rapid eutrophication of natural waters and requires treatment before discharge. This is expensive and produces huge quantities of sludge. In the European Community, it will no longer be lawful to dispose of this sludge as landfill after 2005 (European Directive 91/271/CEE of May 21, 1991). Wastewater treatment by the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plants in horizontal flow was investigated using the nutrient film technique (NFT), a widely used hydroponic system in the commercial greenhouse industry. After a 48 h plant treatment, the purification efficiency was 95%, 91%, and 99% with respect to suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the elimination of nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) varied between 40% and 80%. SS and thus indirectly BOD5 and COD were removed by filtration and adsorption; the solids trapped in the root systems were then decomposed and mineralized. The system with 25 plants purified 30 L of wastewater in 48 h. One-hundred people communities wastewater could be treated with a 6 m2 area of production. Pyrethrin contents and chlorophyll a fluorescence of plants grown on raw urban waters were not significantly different from those grown on a standard nutrient solution.     

黄浆水的综合利用探索

黄浆水为棕黄色,胶体混合物。因其含有大量丰富的有机物,故黄浆水成为综合利用关注的必然。就黄浆水在简单处理后进行勾调酒、黄浆水在强化窖泥保养、利用黄浆水中的大量有机酸生产饮料、黄浆水沼气发酵、利用黄浆水生产单细胞蛋白饲料、利用黄浆水制作人工窖泥、利用黄浆水生产酯化液、利用黄浆水强化粮醅发酵、己酸菌液驯化培养以及利用黄浆水制作香醅等方面的利用,进而较全面介绍黄浆水的综合利用价值。     

柴达木地区不同果色枸杞果实营养成分比较分析

采用自然晾晒干果为参照,对柴达木盆地的红果枸杞、黑果枸杞、金果枸杞、黄果枸杞、白果枸杞和紫果枸杞中营养成分及活性成分进行测定,分析和研判了其利用价值,并运用主成分分析和聚类分析对其内在品质进行评价。结果表明:金果枸杞在总糖含量方面具有一定优势,其总糖含量高于其他5种枸杞。黄果枸杞总糖低于红果枸杞,但总黄酮最高,是红果枸杞的5倍,黑果枸杞的2倍,表现出低总糖、高黄酮的特点,黄果枸杞具有一定的开发价值。白果枸杞蛋白质含量最高,紫果枸杞脂肪含量最高,具有一定的营养价值。主成分分析选取了前3个主成分,累计方差贡献率为79.995%,综合得分值排前三的分别为红果枸杞、紫果枸杞和黑果枸杞,说明这三种枸杞综合品质较高。聚类分析将6种不同果色枸杞归为3类,第1类包括黑果枸杞和紫果枸杞,多糖、脂肪、花青素含量较高,第2类包括白果枸杞,蛋白质含量较高;第3类为金果、黄果和红果枸杞,总糖、总黄酮、甜菜碱含量较高,这些营养成分含量高的枸杞可在在今后的枸杞品种选育中作为特异材料。     

发酵型香蕉复合果汁饮料的研制及营养成分研究

以香蕉、芒果、六堡茶汤为主要原料,佰生优益生菌果蔬酵素发酵菌为菌种,研制发酵型香蕉复合果汁饮料,通过单因素和响应面试验确定最优发酵工艺条件,并对其可溶性固形物、蛋白质等营养活性成分含量变化情况进行研究。结果表明：最佳发酵工艺条件为香蕉浆50%,芒果汁5%,白砂糖添加量6%、佰生优益生菌果蔬酵素发酵菌接种量0.04%、茶汤添加量5.0%,发酵时间5.0 d,发酵温度34 ℃,此条件下得到的饮料色泽淡黄透亮、具有香蕉和芒果固有的浓郁香味,酸甜适中,其可溶性固形物、可滴定酸度、蛋白质、总糖、总多酚的含量分别为16.80%、1.20 g/kg、10.90 mg/100 g、9.91 g/100 g、0.38 mg/mL。其中总糖和总多酚在整个发酵过程中变化较小,处于稳定状态,而可滴定酸度、蛋白质呈明显上升状态,可溶性固形物变化不稳定,总体呈上升趋势。     

Wet oxidation lumped kinetic model for wastewater organic burden biodegradability prediction

In many cases, treatment of wastewaters requires a combination of processes that very often includes biological treatment. Wet oxidation (WO) in combination with biotreatment has been successfully used for the treatment of refractory wastes. Therefore, information about the biodegradability of wastewater solutes and particulates after wet oxidation is very important. The present work proposes a model that can describe the oxidation process via organic concentration characteristics such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and immediately available BOD (IA BOD) and so can allow the prediction of biodegradability (i.e., BOD/COD ratio). The reaction mechanism includes the destruction of nonbiodegradable substances bytwo pathways: oxidation to carbon dioxide and water and oxidation to larger biodegradable compounds with their further degradation to smaller ones measured via IA BOD. The destruction of small biodegradable compounds to end products is also included in the model. The experiments were performed at different temperatures (170-200 degrees C) and partial oxygen pressures (0.5-1.5 MPa) in a batch stainless steel high-pressure autoclave. The model of concentrated thermomechanical pulp circulation water was selected for the experiments. The proposed model correlates with the experimental data well and it is compared with other WO models in the literature.