畜禽类骨胶原蛋白及其肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白与氨基酸和蛋白质相比,胶原蛋白及其肽具有独特的优越性.当今畜禽类产品特别是肉制品的需求巨大,副产物骨头的产量亦随之大量增加.畜禽类骨头中提取的胶原蛋白及其肽作为许多食品中营养成分和功能物质,有着极高的利用价值.对畜禽类骨胶原蛋白及其肽的提取工艺、功能性、结构和应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,为畜禽类骨胶原蛋白及其...     

鱼类胶原蛋白及胶原活性多肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白(Collagen)是一种高分子蛋白质,丝状的胶原蛋白纤维,能使皮肤保持结实而有弹性.胶原蛋白由于其特有的生理活性及物理和化学特性,在医药、食品、化妆品等高附加值领域中得到广泛应用.从水产品中获取胶原蛋白或制备胶原活性肽成为国内外研究的热点.随着我国渔业的发展,水产品的综合利用也越来越引起人们的重视.在加工时产生出占鱼体总重约40%～55%的下脚料(包括鱼头、鱼皮、鱼鳍、鱼尾、鱼骨及其残留鱼肉),而这些废弃物是制备胶原蛋白的优良原料,对这些废弃物的再利用,不仅保护了环境还可提高水产品的附加值.本文简要介绍了来源于鱼类胶原蛋白的制备方法、种类、性质、鱼类胶原蛋白的研究现状、鱼类胶原蛋白水解物中的活性肽、鱼类胶原蛋白及其肽的应用,并分析了鱼类胶原蛋白开发前景.     

酶解鱼鳔蛋白制备胶原蛋白肽饮品

通过酶解鱼鳔蛋白制备分子量低于2000 Da的胶原蛋白肽液,并配制成胶原蛋白肽饮品.采用木瓜蛋白酶对鱼鳔蛋白进行酶解,利用响应面优化方法分析酶解温度、酶解时间、加酶量对酶解液中胶原蛋白肽分子量的影响,以相对分子质量低于2000 Da的胶原蛋白肽所占比例为考察指标,确定最优酶解条件,并添加低聚果糖将其配制成胶原蛋白肽饮品...     

皮肤老化及胶原蛋白肽在皮肤抗老化中的研究进展

皮肤老化是口服美容领域的一个重要课题,胶原蛋白肽是一款在皮肤抗老化方面应用较多的口服美容原料。它安全性高,分子量小,溶解性好,腥味、苦味低,具有皮肤保湿、减少皮肤皱纹等功能。文章主要综述皮肤老化的机理及影响皮肤老化的环境因素,胶原蛋白在生命周期中的变化及胶原蛋白肽在皮肤抗老化中的研究新进展,以期为胶原蛋白肽在皮肤抗老化中的应用提供参考。     

河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的提取及其抗氧化活性的研究

目的:河豚鱼皮含有丰富的胶原蛋白.胶原蛋白及其肽类有多种生理功能.本文研究河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的最佳提取工艺及此肽的抗氧化性.为河豚鱼皮的深入研究提供一些理论依据.方法:采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白.通过正交试验确定该酶酶解河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳条件,并对此条件下酶解得到的河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肽进行超滤分离.得到3个不同分子质量范围的肽段.研究其抗氧化性.结果:木瓜蛋白酶酶解河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳条件为:温度45℃,时间2 h,酶加量5 000U/g,pH 6.5,底物质量浓度33.6mg/100mL.在此条件下酶解产生的河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肽具有显著的清除OH·自由基和DPPH·自由基能力,还具有一定的清除02-·自由基的能力和还原能力.结论:随着河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肽分子质量的减小,其清除OH·自由基、DPPH·自由基、O2-·自由基的能力及还原性增强.其中,河豚鱼皮胶原蛋白肤清除OH·自由基能力最强.     

酶解技术提取动物组织中的胶原蛋白及其肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白是哺乳动物各组织器官中含量最丰富、覆盖面最广,与生物体组织和器官功能息息相关的蛋白质,胶原蛋白经蛋白酶水解可形成胶原蛋白肽。本文综述了酶提胶原蛋白的原材料、所用酶的种类、相关酶提辅助技术和产物性质的检测方法,从而为胶原蛋白及胶原蛋白肽提取工艺的优化和应用市场的扩展提供理论依据。     

碱性蛋白酶水解罗非鱼皮提取胶原蛋白肽的最佳条件研究

以罗非鱼皮为原料,采用酶法提取胶原蛋白肽,用正交实验对罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的提取工艺进行优化,并测定了罗非鱼皮的基本组成成分和鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的氨基酸组成.结果表明,碱性蛋白酶添加量为0.5%,固液比1:3,酶解时间为3 h,酶解温度为50℃时鱼皮胶原蛋白肽的提取率最高为13.5%.     

胶原蛋白生物活性肽的研究进展

本文介绍了胶原蛋白的结构，综述了胶原蛋白生物活性肽的多种生物活性，包括抑制血管紧张素转换酶、抗氧化、抑制血小板凝结和抗肿瘤活性等，并对胶原蛋白生物活性肽的开发应用前景作了展望.     

海洋胶原蛋白活性肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白是生物体内的重要蛋白质,是结缔组织的主要蛋白质成分。疯牛病(B S E)、口蹄疫(F M D)、禽流感等疾病的发生使人们从陆生源动物组织获取胶原蛋白及其肽的途径受阻。我国渔业资源极其丰富,海产品加工的下脚料含有丰富的胶原,与陆生胶原肽相比海洋胶原蛋白肽具有许多独特的生理功能和理化性质。近二三十年来海洋胶原蛋白及其酶解产物胶原活性多肽取得很大进展,目前海洋胶原蛋白肽也已经成为国内外研究的热点。本文将对海洋胶原蛋白及其活性肽的结构、性质、提取方法以及胶原活性多肽生理活性和发展前景等的研究进展作一综述。     

鱼皮胶原蛋白及胶原活性肽的研究

近年来,鱼皮胶原蛋白及其活性肽的研究越来越多.不同提取法得到的胶原蛋白的功能性质具有较大差异,而胶原蛋白的功能性质与其结构紧密相关.本文比较了几种主要的胶原蛋白提取方法,探讨了胶原蛋白结构的研究进展,较详细的阐述了鱼皮胶原蛋白、胶原活性肽的应用及其研究前景.     

皮胶原的结构、性质与提取方法

简要介绍了动物皮胶原的结构组成和物化性质,着重综述了最近几年国内外从猪皮、牛皮和鱼皮中提取胶原的工艺方法。     

Physicochemical properties of acid-soluble collagens from different tissues of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Acid-soluble collagens (ASCs) were extracted and characterised from different tissues of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The yields of ASCs in bones, skins, scales and muscles were 3.22 ± 0.47%, 42.30 ± 1.15%, 2.82 ± 0.31% and 0.89 ± 0.12%, respectively. SDS-PAGE and ATR-FTIR analysis showed that all ASCs were type I collagen with intact triple helical structure and consisted of α1,3-chain, α2-chain, β-chain and γ-chain. Quantitative analysis of SDS-PAGE revealed that the ratio of β-chains in ASC from scales was lower than other tissues. The imino acid contents of ASC from bones, skins, scales and muscles were 169, 167, 162 and 173 residues/1000 residues, respectively. The maximum transition temperature (T_m) of ASC from scales was 30.15 °C, lower than the other three ASCs, indicated that the thermal stability of collagen was affected by both the content of imino acid and β-chains. The results also implied that thermal stability of ASC might exist the tissue specificity among different fish species.     

大菱鲆鱼皮抗氧化胶原肽的制备及特性分析

以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)鱼皮为原料制备抗氧化胶原肽。进行了鱼皮酶解的单因素实验、酶解条件的响应面优化、G-15葡聚糖凝胶层析分离及体外抗氧化活性检测。结果表明：大菱鲆鱼皮酶解的最适用酶为中性蛋白酶,最佳工艺条件为：酶解温度52 ℃,酶解时间为338 min,加酶量为1142 U/g,反应体系pH值为6.7。按照此最佳条件制备得到鱼皮酶解液羟自由基清除率为34.44%,与理论值接近。大菱鲆鱼皮胶原肽经过层析分离,得到了3种不同分子质量的多肽组分TSP1、TSP2、TSP3,其中TSP3体外抗氧化活性最好,具有更强的羟自由基清除能力、亚铁离子螯合能力、DPPH自由基清除能力以及还原力。本研究为大菱鲆及其它鱼类多肽的开发研究以及鱼类副产物高值化利用提供了技术参考。     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PEPSIN-SOLUBILIZED TYPE I COLLAGEN FROM THE SCALES OF SNAKEHEAD (OPHIOCEPHALUS ARGUS)

Pepsin-solubilized collagen prepared from the scales of snakehead ( Ophiocephalus argus ) was separated into two fractions, major and minor, by NaCl precipitation. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), amino acid composition, and secondary structure showed that the major collagen was typical type I collagen; in contrast, the minor collagen might be classified as type V collagen from the SDS-PAGE patterns and precipitation properties by NaCl. A sharp decrease in solubility of type I collagen was observed at the NaCl concentration of 40 g/L. The maximum and the minimum solubilities of collagen were observed at pH 3 and 8, respectively. Peptide maps of type I collagen digested by trypsin and V8 protease were different from those of calfskin and fish skin collagens. The imino acid content of type I collagen was lower than those of mammalian collagens and so did its denaturation temperature that was 30.3C obtained by viscosity measurement.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Collagen has been widely utilized as a material for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, the use of collagen-derived products from land animals (e.g., bovine and pig) has been called into question because of foot-and-mouth disease crisis etc. Aquatic animal offals, which are readily available and inexpensive, seem to be safe sources for extraction of collagen. This work reports on preparation and characterization of collagen from snakehead scales, which will have potential in supplementing the skins and bones of land animals as an important collagen resource for use in functional food, biomedical, and cosmetic industries.     

淡水鱼皮胶原蛋白提取工艺研究(Ⅰ)

研究了罗非鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼和鲫鱼4种淡水鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取工艺。结果表明,鱼皮用乙醚2次除脂效果显著,除脂率依次为92.4%、95.1%、66.8%和76.7%,除脂后胶原蛋白的提取率和得率都略有增加。除非胶原蛋白的工艺为:先用NaOH浸泡6h,再用NaCl浸泡6h,4种鱼皮胶原蛋白对应的提取率分别为34.4%、28.7%、31.5%和42.5%,得率依次为8.4%、8.0%、8.2%和6.1%,比其他处理相应高出0.4-2.3倍、0.04-1.6倍、0.1-0.9倍和0.07-0.5倍。乙酸的提取效果优于柠檬酸,对应提取率分别为34.8%、23.6%、33.6%、43.0%,得率依次为8.5%、6.6%、8.63%、6.19%,比柠檬酸相应高2.4-4.3倍、1.7-4.0倍。温度对罗非鱼、鳙鱼和草鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白提取影响较大,最佳提取温度都为20℃,其对应提取率依次为34.05%、27.05%、33.38%,得率分别为8.32%、7.54%、8.58%;温度对鲫鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取影响较小,在520℃范围内提取率和得率分别约为42%和6%左右。     

Novel technologies in utilization of byproducts of animal food processing: a review

Abstract

China is one of the countries with most abundant livestock and poultry resources in the world. The average annual growth rate of output value of livestock and poultry industry reaches 13%, and the output value of livestock and poultry industry accounts for more than 35% of total agricultural output. A large number of byproducts are produced in animal slaughtering and processing operations. If livestock and poultry byproducts are effectively utilized, this will make a huge contribution to GDP. At the same time, aquaculture is China's pillar industry. During fish processing, a large number of byproducts (including fish heads, fish skins, fish bones, fish scales, and viscera) are produced, which weighs approximately 40-55% of the raw fish. The byproducts of freshwater fish are more than 2.5 million tons per annum, most of which are not used. The effective use of byproducts has a direct influence on China's economic and environmental pollution. The nonuse or underutilization of byproducts not only leads to loss of potential revenue, but also results in to an increase in these products and their disposal costs. This paper makes a comprehensive review of the research progress of animal byproduct utilization to date, and aims to provide reference for the utilization and research of animal byproducts.     

Exploration of collagen recovered from animal by-products as a precursor of bioactive peptides: Successes and challenges

A large amount of food-grade animal by-products is annually produced during industrial processing and they are normally utilized as animal feed or other low-value purposes. These by-products are good sources of valuable proteins, including collagen or gelatin. The revalorization of collagen may lead to development of a high benefit-to-cost ratio. In this review, the major approaches for generation of collagen peptides with a wide variety of bioactivities were summarized, including antihypertensive, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, and beneficial effects on bone, joint and skin health. The biological potentials of collagen peptides and their bioavailability were reviewed. Moreover, the unique advantages of collagen peptides over other therapeutic peptides were highlighted. In addition, the current challenges for development of collagen peptides as functional food ingredients were also discussed. This article discusses the opportunity to utilize collagen peptides as high value-added bio-functional ingredients in the food industry.     

Innovations in value-addition of edible meat by-products

While muscle foods are the more commonly consumed portion of an animal, meat by-products such as the entrails and internal organs are also widely consumed. Considered high-priced delicacies or waste material to be tossed away, the use and value of offal-edible and inedible meat by-products depend entirely on the culture and country in question. The skin, blood, bones, meat trimmings, fatty tissues, horns, hoofs, feet, skull, and internal organs of harvested animals comprise a wide variety of products including human or pet food or processed materials in animal feed, fertilizer, or fuel. Industry is using science and innovation to add value to animal by-products far beyond its usual profitability. Regardless of the final product's destination, it is still necessary to employ the most up-to-date and effective tools to analyze these products for nutritional properties, to search for key active molecules in nutrition like bioactive peptides, food safety (antimicrobial peptides), medicine, cosmetics or other fields, to develop new technological applications and to continue innovation towards advanced value-addition of meat by-products.     

Effect of extracting time and temperature on yield of gelatin from different fish offal

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal conditions for preparing gelatin from different kinds of fish offal: heads and backbones of Baltic cod, skins of fresh and cold-smoked salmon, and skins of salted and marinated herrings. The yield of gelatin extraction at 45 °C was 71–75% for fresh salmon skins or cod backbones, and 86%, for smoked salmon skins. When heating marinated herring skins for 15 min or salted herring skins for 45 min, about 100% of collagen was converted to gelatin. For fish skins, 45 °C and 15–60 min extraction time, depending on the kind of skins, were established as optimal conditions for preparing gelatin. The yield of gelatin extraction from the cod heads did not exceed 70%, even when a three stages process was used. In the case of backbones, 100% of collagen in the form of gelatin was isolated using this procedure. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that gelatin from fish skins was much less degraded than gelatin from pigskins.