奇亚籽凝胶的提取、功能及应用研究进展

奇亚籽凝胶(Chia seed gum)是奇亚籽溶胀后周围包裹的亲水性杂多糖,可从奇亚籽或其饼粕中提取得到。奇亚籽凝胶可添加在食品系统中,用于控制黏稠度、稳定性和质地,并且区别于食品添加剂,具有良好的营养价值,具有改善肠道菌群、控制体重等多种生物活性。对国内外奇亚籽凝胶的提取分离、结构特性、理化性质、生物活性和潜在应用的研究进展进行系统综述,以期为进一步研究提供依据。     

奇亚籽胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质

以奇亚籽为原材料,利用单因素和响应面试验对奇亚籽胶的提取工艺进行优化筛选。结果表明,最佳的提取工艺条件为料液比1∶45（g/mL）、浸提温度90 ℃、pH8.2。对奇亚籽胶理化性质的研究结果表明,奇亚籽胶具有良好的理化性能,其优异的持水/油、乳化、起泡等性质使其在肉制品、烘焙产品、乳制品等领域的应用前景较广。     

奇亚籽蛋白及其活性肽的研究进展

奇亚籽富含优质蛋白质,且包含8种必需氨基酸。奇亚籽蛋白具有乳化、发泡等许多优良的功能性质,其制备的活性肽具有抗氧化、抗高血压等生物性能。本文综述了近年来国内外有关奇亚籽蛋白的氨基酸组成、提取分离工艺、功能性质、生物活性肽的制备及其生理功能方面的研究,并对奇亚籽蛋白在未来的发展方向以及在食品领域的开发应用作出了展望。     

奇亚籽营养成分分析及其饮料工艺优化

为开发奇亚籽的营养价值,对黑、白两种奇亚籽的营养成分进行测定,并将其应用在饮料中。采用国标的方法测定基本营养成分,利用氨基酸自动分析仪、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,GC-MS)分别测定氨基酸及脂肪酸含量,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化奇亚籽柠檬汁饮料工艺配方。结果表明:黑、白奇亚籽粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、膳食纤维含量分别为16.40%、28.32%、34.67%和29.10%、30.48%、26.65%;二者水分和灰分含量均低于10%。共检出16种氨基酸,黑、白奇亚籽中必需氨基酸含量分别为7.37和7.77 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的32.92%、38.39%。以氨基酸评分、化学评分为标准,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸。黑、白奇亚籽中多不饱和脂肪酸分别占脂肪酸总量的82.82%和84.89%,其中omega-3占63.18%~68.37%,具有较高的食用价值。饮料最佳工艺配方:浓缩柠檬汁添加量10%、麦芽糖醇添加量14%、结冷胶添加量0.15%、奇亚籽添加量3%和甜蜜素添加量0.02%。在此条件下,饮料感官评分为(88.5±0.71)分,可制得口感好、色泽明亮、体系稳定均一的奇亚籽柠檬汁饮料。综合分析奇亚籽作为一种新食品原料,其营养价值丰富,并通过优化饮料制作工艺,为其在饮料深加工领域提供理论依据。     

奇亚籽活性成分、生理作用及其开发利用研究进展

奇亚籽(Chia Seed)可食用历史悠久,近年来开始被国内关注和利用。奇亚籽的活性成分主要包括脂肪酸类、酚酸黄酮类、蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素及矿物质类,具有抗氧化、调节血脂、调节血压、调节血糖、降低肌酸激酶活性、抗炎消毒等生理作用。随着人们保健意识的增强以及对营养食品的追求,奇亚籽逐渐成为食品研究领域的热点。目前大多将奇亚籽作为添加剂直接添加到食品中,而没有深入的开发新产品;在防癌、调节三高等疾病上具有较好的效果,但研发出的新产品不多,相关研究还有待深入。本文对奇亚籽的活性成分、生理作用以及其在食品、保健品和化妆品行业中的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为奇亚籽相关研究及开发利用提供参考。     

一种新型油料作物——奇亚籽北大核心CSCD

为了更好地开发、利用奇亚籽资源,主要从奇亚籽的生物学性状、物候学特性及生长习性、种植分布及育种情况、营养成分、奇亚籽油的脂肪酸组成及活性物质,以及其在食品、保健品和化妆品行业中的应用研究进展进行综述。奇亚籽具有丰富的营养成分及富含不饱和脂肪酸的特性,作为一种新型食品原料和新型油料作物,其在食品、保健品等行业具有广阔的发展前景。     

科技信息

<正>欧盟评估奇亚籽作为新型食品的安全性2019年4月17日,欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)发布了关于新型食品奇亚籽(Salvia hispanica)的安全性评估报告,允许使用奇亚籽的产品主要包括:烘焙产品、水果和蔬菜制品、乳制品、非酒精饮料、糖果等。根据欧盟委员会的要求,欧洲食品安全局新型食品和食物过敏原专家组(NDA)对奇亚籽的总体膳食暴露和安全性评估提出意见,评估结论如下:在上述食品中     

奇亚籽油、多酚和芳香水的分级提取及理化性质分析

为提高奇亚籽饼的利用价值,根据组分溶解性质的差异,采用超临界CO2萃取法、闪式提取法和水蒸汽蒸馏法分级提取奇亚籽油、多酚和芳香水,并对其理化性质进行分析。结果表明,在萃取温度80℃,萃取时间2h,萃取压力408 Bar的条件下,奇亚籽油得率为8. 92%,外观呈浅黄色,无结晶,气味较淡,密度0. 932 2 g/m L、折光度1. 479、酸值0. 183 2[(KOH/(mg/g)]、皂化值186. 50 mg/g。奇亚籽油中α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸占总量的98. 60%。从奇亚籽油中共鉴定出24种挥发性成分,种类最多的为芳香烃和烷烃类。在乙醇体积分数为70%、料液比1∶25、提取电压50 V,提取时间2 min的条件下,奇亚籽多酚的提取量为7. 25 mg/g。奇亚籽芳香水中共含有28种挥发性成分,主要为酞酸二异丁酯和苯乙醛。奇亚籽油、多酚和芳香水均可用于化工、美容等领域,该研究为奇亚籽的综合利用提供新思路。     

英国就奇亚籽油作为新型食品配料征求意见

据英国食品标准局消息,6月19日英国食品标准局就一家公司申请将奇亚籽油(chia oil)作为新型食品配料销售征求意见,并制定了奇亚籽油在蔬菜油中的最大使用量及食品补充剂的推荐每日摄入量。奇亚籽油来源于芡欧鼠尾草,其中含有丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸(α-亚麻酸和亚油酸)。本次征求意见截止2013年7月1日。     

奇亚籽蛋白的提取和营养评价

以奇亚籽粕为原料,采用碱提酸沉法提取奇亚籽蛋白,研究不同提取条件对奇亚籽蛋白提取率的影响。对提取的奇亚籽蛋白进行氨基酸组成分析和评价,并与大豆分离蛋白进行对比。结果表明:奇亚籽蛋白的等电点为4.2;在液料比35∶1、p H 9.5、提取温度45℃、提取时间40 min、重复提取2次的条件下,奇亚籽蛋白的提取率达到61.52%;奇亚籽蛋白氨基酸总量为(991.84±0.26)mg/g,其中必需氨基酸总量为(351.14±0.18)mg/g,均高于大豆分离蛋白;根据EAAI,奇亚籽蛋白的氨基酸组成比大豆分离蛋白更接近标准蛋白,具有较高的营养价值。     

Applications of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in food products

BackgroundThe outstanding nutritional and technological properties lead to innovative applications of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in food products.Scope and approachThe aim of this contribution is to give an overview of the various food application approaches for chia. The nutritional and technological properties of chia as well as its technological and innovative utilization are presented. Examples for the various applications in food products are given in five main topics: baked goods, dairy products, meat and fish products, gluten-free products and other products such as functional food, hydrocolloid and thickener.Key findings and conclusionsBesides the nutritional benefits of chia incorporation in food products the technological effects are emphasized very often. Summarized in five main topics, most authors conclude that chia is a valuable food ingredient for functional food development. The application of chia in baked goods for example is beneficial not only to improve the nutritional value but acting as hydrocolloid or substitute egg, fat or gluten. The increase of oil stability and applications as food thickener in novel food applications are of high importance too. As different chia fractions give various options for applications the utilization of chia for further food products will increase significantly in the future.     

Evaluation of performance of dough and bread incorporating chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

As a result of the opinion given by the European Food Safety Authority about the safety of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L) and whole ground chia seed as food ingredients, they may be placed on the market in the European Community as novel food ingredients to be used in bread products. The objective of the present investigation was to develop new cereal-based products with increased nutritional quality by using chia and ground chia seeds (whole chia flour, semi-defatted chia flour and low-fat chia flour) in order to evaluate its potential as a bread-making ingredient. The samples with chia addition significantly increased the levels of proteins, lipids, ash and dietary fibre in the final product compared to the control sample. Breads with seeds or ground seeds showed similar technological quality to the control bread, except for the increase in specific bread volume, decrease in crumb firmness and change in crumb colour. Sensory analysis showed that the inclusion of chia increased overall acceptability by consumers. The thermal properties of the starch did not alter substantially with the inclusion of chia. However, the incorporation of chia inhibited the kinetics of amylopectin retrogradation during storage, which would be directly related to the delay in bread staling.     

Pasting and rheological properties of oat products dry-blended with ground chia seeds

Oat products containing β-glucan are documented for lowering blood cholesterol that could be beneficial for preventing coronary heart disease. Oat products (oat flour, oat bran concentrate, and Nutrim) were dry-blended with ground chia (Salvia hispanica L.) that contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for improving nutritional and functional qualities. The pasting and rheological properties of oat–chia composites with 10, 20, and 50 g chia/100 g were characterized using Rapid Visco Analyzer followed by an advanced rheometer. Shear thinning properties were observed for all the composites. The pasting and rheological properties of oat products were not greatly influenced by 10 g or 20 g chia/100 g replacements but were improved at the 50 g/100 g replacement level. Also, these composites had improved water holding capacities compared with their starting oat products from 5 g to 250 g water/100 g, respectively. Also, whole chia seeds currently used in food products on the market are not easily utilized by the human body because of an extremely hard coat. These fine particle composites of oat products with ground chia were prepared by a feasible procedure for producing composites having improved nutritional value, texture quality, and functional food applications.     

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed and its Potential Food Applications: A Review

Kenaf belongs to the family Malvaceae noted for their economic and horticultural importance. Kenaf seed is a valuable component of kenaf plant. For several years, it has been primarily used as a cordage crop and secondarily as a livestock feed. The potential for using kenaf seeds as a source of food‐based products has not been fully exploited. Consumers are becoming more interested in naturally healthy plant‐based food products. Kenaf seed, the future crop with a rich source of essential nutrients and an excellent source of phytocompounds, might serve suitable roles in the production of value‐added plant‐based foods. At present kenaf seed and its value‐added components have not been effectively utilized for both their nutritional and functional properties as either ingredient or major constituent of food products. This review focuses on the possible food applications of kenaf seed and its value‐added components based on their nutritional composition and functional properties available in literature, with the purpose of providing an overview on the possible food applications of this underutilized seed. The review focuses on a brief introduction on kenaf plant, nutritional function, lipids and proteins composition and food applications of the seed. The review elaborately discusses the seed in terms of; bioactive components, antioxidants enrichment of wheat bread, antimicrobial agents, as edible flour, as edible oil and a source of protein in food system. The review closes with discussion on other possible food applications of kenaf seed. The need for food scientists and technologists to exploit this natural agricultural product as a value‐added food ingredient is of great significance and is emphasized.     

Fabrication of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil nanoemulsions using different emulsifiers

In this study, the quality of spiral cold press chia seed oil was evaluated and four types of O/W chia seed oil nanoemlusion systems were prepared, including chia seed oil nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween 80 and Span 80 by spontaneous emulsification and microfluidization, sodium caseinate by microfluidization, and sucrose monopalmitate by microfluidization. All these optimized samples exhibited good storage stability for at least two weeks when stored at 4 °C or ambient temperature. The nanoemulsion stabilized with sodium caseinate was labeling friendly, and enough energy‐input facilitated the achievement of small particle size around 160 nm. The chia seed oil nanoemulsion fabricated with sucrose monopalmitate could get best transparency with smallest droplet diameter (around 47 nm). Chia seed oil nanoemulsion stabilized with Tween 80 and Span 80, as one model case diluted 500× into water system, had constant transparency after fortnight's storage.

Practical applications

Consumers are increasingly aware of nutrition as well as sensory properties of food products. Chia seed oil is a good source of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, yet difficult to be added directly into water‐based liquid food or beverages. The information given in this work might be useful for designing O/W chia seed oil nanoemulsion delivery system, facilitating the further application of chia seed oil in beverages and functional food industry which required only slightly turbid or even transparent appearance.     

Functional properties, nutritional value, and industrial applications of Niger Oilseeds (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)

Non-conventional seeds are being considered as novel food because their constituents have unique chemical properties and may augment the supply of nutritional and functional products. Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) seed and its crude oil have been widely used in traditional nutritional and medicinal applications. Consequently, niger seed has been extensively studied for its nutritional value, biological activities, and antioxidative properties. In consideration of their potential utilization, detailed knowledge on the composition of niger oilseeds is of major importance. The diversity of applications to which niger seed can be put gives this oilseed great industrial importance. This review summarizes the nutritional value, functional properties, and industrical applications of niger seeds.     

元宝枫籽油的制备、功效及其应用概述

元宝枫籽油作为我国的新资源食品,因富含油酸、亚油酸和神经酸等成分,营养价值与药用保健效果突出,日益受到产业和消费者的重视。近年来,元宝枫籽油新的制备和应用开发技术不断呈现,其不仅被开发为食品,相继出现了元宝枫籽油调味品、复合乳制品、压片糖果等,还被应用到了日用化工、医疗保健等领域。综述了现有元宝枫籽油在制备、功效评价和产业应用方面的研究进展,及发展中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出建议措施,以期促进元宝枫籽油产业的高质量发展。     

Incorporation of chia seed flour into gluten-free rice layer cake: Effects on nutritional quality and physicochemical properties

The purpose of this research was to incorporate 0% to 30% chia seed flour into rice flour gluten-free layer cake and evaluate its effect on nutritional qualities and physicochemical properties. The supplement of chia seed flour resulted in higher batter viscosity, hardness of gluten free layer cake, crude protein, fat, ash, α-linolenic acid (increase up to 10.2% of total fatty acid), total phenolics content, and reducing power but the lower crust, crumb white index, cohesiveness, and resilience of gluten-free layer cake was found. Substitution of rice flour with 10% prehydrated chia seed flour can achieve a higher center height and volume index of gluten-free layer cakes. Higher carosine and angiotension I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was observed in the supplement of 10% chia seed flour when compared to a rice flour layer cake. Gluten-free layer cake with 10% prehydrated chia seeds flour had similar overall acceptability, texture, flavor, and odor scores except for lower appearance score to those of gluten-free layer cake made with 100% rice flour and layer cake made with 100% wheat flour. Incorporation of 10% prehydrated chia seed flour results in more desirable volume index of gluten-free layer cake and it is feasible for gluten-free layer cake application. Gluten-free layer cakes with improved quality characteristics and high nutritional value can be manufactured by the incorporation of chia seed flour.