磷脂含量对煎炸油烟点、耐寒性、氧化稳定性 和煎炸稳定性的影响

通过添加大豆卵磷脂,使大豆油、菜籽油和棕榈油中磷脂含量分别为本底值、10、20、30、40、50 mg/kg,测定不同磷脂含量的3种煎炸油的烟点、耐寒性、氧化诱导时间,同时检测3种煎炸油在170℃下煎炸不同食材过程中的感官品质、酸价、过氧化值和极性组分含量的变化,以评价其煎炸稳定性。结果表明:随着磷脂含量的增加,大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油烟点呈下降趋势,其中棕榈油烟点下降受磷脂影响最大;耐寒性随着磷脂含量增加整体呈下降趋势;氧化诱导时间随磷脂含量的增加呈波动变化趋势;在本试验范围内,磷脂含量对煎炸油煎炸稳定性影响的规律尚不明显。     

高油酸菜籽煎炸油的研究

研究开发以精炼高油酸菜籽油为基油的煎炸专用油,设计合理的煎炸油配方。根据棕榈油、棉籽油、高油酸菜籽油等常用煎炸油的煎炸特性、脂肪酸组成及最终产品的质量要求,得到了油酸含量高于45%、亚麻酸含量低于4%、多不饱和脂肪酸含量低于30%的配方油,并通过方程运算和预实验,得到最佳配方为高油酸菜籽油、24度棕榈油、棉籽油质量比范围50%～64%∶0%～36%∶0%～24%。通过计算机筛选出5种配方油,其中配方油5 (高油酸菜籽油与24度棕榈油质量比为64∶36)煎炸稳定性好,煎炸寿命长,油炸食品感官效果好,因而是煎炸配方油的最佳选择。     

国外提高煎炸油稳定性方法简介

国外提高煎炸油稳定性方法简介黄显慈研究表明富含不饱和脂肪酸的植物油，例如大豆油，菜籽油、向日葵油等缺乏煎炸稳定性，因为这些植物油在煎炸温度下易于氧化劣变，形成多种氧化劣变产物，同时煎炸后的油与煎炸食品，易于产生辛辣味、鱼腥味等异味。用这些油煎炸的食品...     

基于母乳脂肪酸组成的植物油复配研究

以母乳中脂肪酸组成为目标,采用MATLAB软件将5种不同植物油进行复配。运用气相色谱对复合植物油脂肪酸组成进行了测定分析。结果表明:植物油最佳复配比例为10%菜籽油、10%葵花籽油、15%大豆油、40%棕榈油、25%椰子油;复合植物油中饱和脂肪酸含量为44. 44%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为55. 56%,饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比例为1∶1. 25,其中月桂酸含量为11. 59%,肉豆蔻酸含量为4. 77%,棕榈酸含量为20. 81%,油酸含量为32. 07%,亚油酸含量为21. 53%,α-亚麻酸含量为1. 92%,亚油酸与亚麻酸的比值为11. 21,均符合母乳脂肪酸组成的要求。     

稳定煎炸油的天然抗氧化剂及应用效果研究进展

综述了可用于提高煎炸油稳定性的内源性天然抗氧化剂,来自具有独特内源性抗氧化剂植物油,农业加工副产物、香料和药草、水果和浆果的外源性天然抗氧化剂和主体自生的天然抗氧化剂及其这些天然抗氧化剂在棕榈油、菜籽油、大豆油和葵花籽油煎炸中的应用效果,为天然抗氧化剂在煎炸油中的应用提供了有效信息。     

关 于加入高油酸葵花籽油提高多不饱和植物油氧化稳定性的研究

多不饱和植物油加入不同比例的高油酸癸化籽油(Hoso),是制取宽范围脂肪酸组成且较稳定的食用油的一种简单方法.加入不同比例的Hoso降低各自的亚麻酸和亚油酸的含量后的大豆油、Canola油、玉米油的稳定性在60℃下评定.氧化程度用两种方法来测定:过氧化值和挥发物(己醛和丙醛).采用静态液上气毛细管气相色谱仪测定植物油混合物中的己醛和丙醛分别提供明显的亚油酸和亚麻酸指数.评定表明,改善氧化稳定性的全顺式油组成可由加入不同比例的Hoso的大豆油、Canola油和玉米油测定.根据氧化值分析,含有4.5%亚麻酸的部分氢化大豆油稳定性高于含4.5%亚麻酸的大豆油和Hoso混合物,可是根据挥发物分析,含有2.0%和4.5%亚麻酸的大豆油和Hoso混合物其稳定性等同或高于氢化大豆油.含1%和2%亚麻酸的Canola油和Hoso混合物稳定性相同或高于含亚麻酸l%的氢化Canola油.本研究认为,加入高油酸葵花籽油(Hoso)可省去含亚麻酸植物油的催化氢化.     

7种食用植物油物性及氧化稳定性评价

对国内7种食用植物油的脂肪酸组成、总酚、生育酚、植物甾醇、苯并(a)芘、黄曲霉毒素B1、3-氯丙醇酯含量、氧化稳定性指数(OSI)等指标进行测定分析。结果表明:这7种食用植物油不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高(78.29%~91.92%),但不同油的脂肪酸组成比例各不相同,不饱和脂肪酸、其中单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的分别为菜籽油(91.92%)、油茶籽油(80.44%)和葵花籽油(61.18%);微量活性成分中,菜籽油的总酚含量最高,为139.83 mg/kg;大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油中γ-生育酚含量较高,葵花籽油、米糠油中α-生育酚含量较高,大豆油生育酚含量最高,为1 129.21 mg/kg;不同油中植物甾醇均以β-谷甾醇为主,米糠油、玉米油中植物甾醇含量较高,分别为10 705.8 mg/kg和8 596.7 mg/kg;危害因子中,只有少数食用植物油检出苯并(a)芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,且含量均符合国家相关标准规定;菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、花生油中3-氯丙醇酯总量较低,均小于1.0 mg/kg;菜籽油、大豆油的氧化稳定性指数(OSI)较高,葵花籽油、油茶籽油的较低,且与总酚含量呈极显著正相关。     

基于主成分分析的西式快餐条件下煎炸油品质评价

为了研究西式快餐条件下煎炸油的品质并建立其评价体系,考察了5种常见煎炸油(大豆油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、棕榈油及稻米油)在模拟西式快餐条件170℃连续7 d煎炸薯条过程中11个品质相关的理化指标,通过主成分分析法综合评价了5种煎炸油在煎炸过程中的煎炸性能,并建立煎炸油品质评价模型。结果表明,5种煎炸油煎炸周期结束后酸价、极性组分、羰基价、茴香胺值、全氧化值和色泽均显著升高(P<0.05),维生素E总量和氧化稳定指数均显著降低(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示茴香胺值、全氧化值、羰基价两两之间均显著性正相关(r=0.877～0.997,P<0.05),色泽与酸价呈极显著正相关(r=0.822,P<0.01),碘值与氧化稳定指数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.846,P<0.01),与亚油酸/棕榈酸比值呈极显著正相关(r=0.833,P<0.01)。主成分分析提取出3个综合性评价指标,累计贡献率达84.115%,反映了原指标的大部分信息,并进一步建立煎炸油煎炸性能的综合评价得分模型F=0.405F₁+0.295F₂+0.1...     

植物油在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用探讨

从婴儿配方乳粉在用的7种植物油(大豆油、玉米油、核桃油、葵花籽油、高油酸葵花籽油、棕榈油和椰子油)入手,通过检测植物油的脂肪酸含量,对亚油酸、亚麻酸和油酸等几个主要指标进行了分析,进而与3种新型植物油(双低菜籽油、米糠油和红花籽油)的脂肪酸组成进行了比较,对新型植物油在婴儿配方乳粉中的应用进行了探讨。     

11种煎炸油煎炸薯条挥发性成分的组成北大核心CSCD

利用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用相结合的方法测定了11种煎炸油煎炸薯条的挥发性物质组成,并对薯条进行感官评定。结果表明:11种煎炸油煎炸薯条共鉴定出包括醛类、含氧杂环类、含氮杂环类、酮类、醇类、酸类、烃类、含硫化合物和酯类化合物共80种挥发性物质,其中醛类化合物是煎炸薯条中主要的挥发性物质。棕榈油煎炸薯条鉴定出的挥发性物质种类最多,亚麻籽油煎炸薯条的最少,且通过分析11种煎炸油煎炸薯条的醛类物质发现,葵花籽油和棉籽油煎炸薯条中多不饱和醛含量较高,其中(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛含量最高,是薯条呈现油脂香的主要物质;高油酸菜籽油和高油酸葵花籽油煎炸薯条中单不饱和醛含量较高,其中高油酸葵花籽油煎炸薯条中2-十一烯醛含量最高;亚麻籽油煎炸薯条中(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛含量最高,呈现出消费者不期望的脂肪味和油腻味。感官评定结果显示,棕榈油煎炸薯条品质最好,猪油煎炸薯条品质最差。     

部分食品煎炸用油的反式脂肪酸比较

为探究不同品种食用油和煎炸食品对反式脂肪酸形成的影响,本文使用5种食用油(葵花油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油、花生油),在一定温度下炸制14批次油条,又依次使用大豆油炸制豆腐、油条和鸡腿,对2种情况下产生的煎炸油进行气相色谱分析,比较反式脂肪酸含量.结果表明:炸油条过程中,食用油中反式脂肪酸的含量均随着煎炸时间的延长而增加...     

Comparison of the Frying Performance of Olive Oil and Palm Superolein

Abstract: Deep‐fat frying is an important method of food preparation in which foods are immersed in hot oil. Repeated use of frying oils is a common practice, and in the presence of atmospheric oxygen it produces various undesirable reactions in used oils. Stable frying oils usually require low linolenic acid (LnA < 3%), increased oleic acid (OA > 40%), and decreased linoleic acid (LA < 50%). The aim of this study was to establish the behavior of palm superolein (PSO) (OA 45%; LA 12.5%; LnA 0.2%) and olive oil (OO) during repeated, discontinuous deep frying of French fries. The behavior of the oils under controlled heating conditions was also studied by maintaining all of the process variables the same as those in deep frying, except that there was no food in the oil. The PSO selected to be tested in this study may represent an alternative to OO as a frying medium. Although PSO presented a faster increase in some oxidation indices, such as free fatty acid and total polar compounds, for other indicators, PSO showed better behavior than OO (less formation of C8:0 and lower peroxide value). Practical Application: The super palm olein selected for use in this study can be suggested as a suitable replacement for olive oil for frying and cooking purposes because it provides higher oxidative stability besides the beneficial effects of olive oil on human health. In fact, several studies have indicated that palm oil exhibits similar frying performance to high‐oleic oils, with the advantages of greater availability in the market and a lower price.     

Potato Chip Quality and Frying Oil Stability of High Oleic Acid Soybean Oil

High oleic soybean (HOSBO) and low linolenic acid soybean (LLSBO) oils were evaluated individually and in a 1:1 blend along with cottonseed oil (CSO) to determine frying oil stabilities and the flavor quality and stability of potato chips. Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h. Potato chips and oils were sampled periodically for sensory data, gas chromatographic volatile compounds, free fatty acids, and total polar compounds. Total polar compounds levels decreased with increasing amounts of oleic acid. The LLSBO had the highest overall increase (17.3%) in total polar compounds from 0 to 25 h of frying. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wk at 25 °C) potato chips showed differences between potato chips fried in different oil types. Potato chips fried in either LLSBO or in the 1:1 blend had significantly higher intensities of deep fried flavor than the chips fried in HOSBO. Potato chips fried in HOSBO, which had 2% linolenic acid and 1.3% linoleic acid, had significantly higher fishy flavor intensity than chips fried in the other oils. The presence of linoleic acid at a level lower than the amount of linolenic acid probably allowed for the fishy flavors from the degradation of linolenic acid in HOSBO to become more apparent than if the linoleic acid level was higher than linolenic acid. Hexanal was significantly higher in potato chips fried in LLSBO than in the chips fried in the other oils, indicating low oxidative stability during storage. Blending HOSBO with LLSBO in a 1:1 ratio not only improved flavor quality of chips compared with those fried in HOSBO, but also improved oil fry life and oxidative stability of chips compared with LLSBO.     

Frying stability of high oleic sunflower oils as affected by composition of tocopherol isomers and linoleic acid content

The influence of linoleic acid content and tocopherol isomeric composition on the frying performance of high oleic sunflower oil was evaluated during a 14-day restaurant style frying operation. At equal linoleic acid content, no significant difference was observed between high oleic sunflower oil containing only α-tocopherol and the sample containing a mixture of α-, γ-, and δ-isomers as measured by the amount of total polar components, oligomers, anisidine value, and free fatty acids. On the contrary, at similar tocopherol isomeric composition, high oleic sunflower oil containing lower amount of linoleic acid showed superior frying stability compared to the sample with a higher content of linoleic acid, suggesting that the frying performance of high oleic sunflower oil is dictated primarily by the level of linoleic acid, with the tocopherol isomeric composition of the oil having no significant influence. In all oil samples, the loss of γ-tocopherol was higher than the corresponding loss of α-tocopherol.     

气相色谱法测定脂肪酸含量判定山茶油纯度

利用气相色谱法,对山茶油掺入大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油和葵花籽油的掺伪油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪大豆油和菜籽油的特征脂肪酸,棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸可作为鉴别山茶油中掺伪玉米油和葵花籽油的特征脂肪酸;回归预测模型相关系数(R^2)较高(> 0. 99),可分别检出掺伪量4%的大豆油和菜籽油,掺伪量8%的玉米油和葵花籽油,回收率在96. 56%~112. 88%之间。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确,可为掺伪山茶油纯度鉴别及调和山茶油配比的定量分析提供科学依据。     

Oxidative and thermal stabilities of genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil

The oxidative and thermal stabilities of genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil (87% oleic acid) were compared with those of regular sunflower (17% oleic acid), soybean, corn, and peanut oils during storage at 55 °C and simulated deep fat frying at 185 °C. Oxidative stability was evaluated by measuring the oxygen content and volatile compounds in the sample bottle headspace and peroxide value. The coefficient variations (CVs) for volatile compound, headspace oxygen, and peroxide value analyses were 2.02%, 1.41%, and 3.18%, respectively. The oxidative stability of high oleic sunflower oil was greater than those of regular sunflower and soybean oil (P < 0.05) and as good as those of corn and peanut oils (P > 0.05). The thermal stabilities of oils during deep fat frying were evaluated by measuring the infrared absorption at 2.9 μm and conjugated diene content. The CV of conjugated diene content was 1.07%. Infrared and conjugated diene results showed that the high oleic sunflower oil had greater thermal stability than had regular sunflower, soybean, corn, and peanut oils (P < 0.05). The genetically modified high oleic sunflower oil, with 5.5% linoleic acid, had better oxidative and thermal stabilities than had the regular sunflower oil with 71.6% linoleic acid.     

稻米油在快餐煎炸中的性能研究

本文通过模拟西式快餐门店的煎炸实验,考察了稻米油在快餐煎炸中应用的可行性。通过油脂理化指标、肪酸组成分析及微量成分分析来比较稻米油与棕榈油和大豆油的差异,通过模拟西式快餐门店168℃下煎炸薯条过程中极性物质和酸价的变化,并对薯条进行感官评价,对比稻米油、大豆油与棕榈油的煎炸性能。结果显示:稻米油所含的饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸均介于棕榈油和大豆油之间,并且其含有的维生素E与大豆油接近且明显高于棕榈油;另外稻米油还含有12035.74 mg/kg植物甾醇和4359.17 mg/kg谷维素。在煎炸过程中,稻米油的酸价上升速度远远低于大豆油,接近于棕榈油;尽管其初始极性组分较高,但其极性组分在煎炸后期上升比较平稳,至煎炸终点时其极性组分低于棕榈油和大豆油;同时在煎炸过程中,棕榈油、稻米油、大豆油中的维生素E随煎炸时间的延长明显降低,至第6 d对应的含量分别10.01、8.49与2.11 mg/kg;而稻米油中谷维素和植物甾醇含量也随煎炸时间的延长而减少,但至煎炸终点时,仍有较多的保留,含量分别为1531.98和6618.45 mg/kg。另外,感官评价发现,稻米油炸制的薯条比大豆油、棕榈油更酥脆、风味更好,整体喜好度更高。总之,但稻米油具有良好煎炸性能,其煎炸性能明显优于大豆油,可用作西式快餐煎炸油。     

贵州茶油气相色谱脂肪酸标准指纹图谱构建及其鉴别

目的 基于气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC)构建油茶籽油脂肪酸的气相指纹图谱。方法 以贵州产油茶籽为研究对象，采用气相分析不同产地、品种及加工方式共计34批次油茶籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果 确定棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生一烯酸和亚麻酸为油茶籽油的主要脂肪酸。通过“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统”建立了油茶籽油气相色谱标准指纹图谱，并与菜籽油、葵花籽油、芝麻油、玉米油、米糠油、花生油、棕榈油和高油酸花生油等8种植物油进行相似度比较，除菜籽油和高油酸花生油因相似度大于0.95而无法与油茶籽油进行区分外，其余6种油脂均可识别为非油茶籽油。结论 通过对贵州产油茶籽油脂肪酸组成和标准指纹图谱的建立，可为纯茶油的真伪鉴别提供了一定的试验数据支撑