包缠复合纱摩擦纳米发电机的制备及其电学性能

为制备基于涤/棉与导电锦纶长丝包缠复合纱的摩擦纳米发电机,以涤/棉混纺纱为皮层,导电锦纶长丝为芯层,通过空芯锭花式加捻技术,将涤/棉混纺纱均匀包缠在导电锦纶长丝上,得到基于复合纱的摩擦纳米发电机.通过研究基于包缠复合纱的摩擦纳米发电机的电量输出性能,结果表明:该摩擦纳米发电机具有优异的电学能量输出性能,其电量输出值随着...     

柔性全编织摩擦纳米发电织物的制备

为使柔性摩擦纳米发电机更好地贴合人体,且方便制备,将柔性摩擦纳米发电机进行服饰化。通过锥形 编织的方法将锦纶（PA6）与涤纶（PET）缝纫线分别缠绕在镀银的金属长丝表面,形成2 种皮芯结构的复合导电纤 维绳,其中皮层PA6与PET纤维缝纫线作为摩擦层,芯层镀银金属长丝作为电极层,将2 种复合导电纤维绳经机织 制备成柔性自供能织物作为摩擦纳米发电机,收集人体运动机械能并转化为电能,进而为可穿戴设备供电;同时对 该发电织物的表面形貌和输出性能进行表征。结果表明：这种摩擦纳米发电织物的开路电压为20.0 V,短路电流 为1.50 μA,瞬时功率最大为1.6 mW/m² ;该柔性摩擦纳米发电机由缝纫线编织而成,具有很好的柔性、透气性以及水洗性,材料廉价易得,且制备工艺简单。     

基于纤维素纳米纤维的摩擦纳米发电机

简要介绍了摩擦纳米发电机的工作原理、结构以及工作模式;着重介绍了以纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）膜或CNF纸作为基础摩擦带电材料的摩擦纳米发电机的构建与应用,主要包括以CNF纸或CNF膜直接作摩擦带电材料、以化学改性CNF膜作摩擦带电材料和以CNF复合膜作摩擦带电材料的摩擦纳米发电机。     

纤维素功能纸的制备及其在能源转化应用研究进展

纤维素纸基功能材料近年来广泛用于柔性电子、光电子、能源与传感等高新科技领域。本文对比总结了纤维素纸功能化制备的常用技术手段,重点介绍了纤维素功能纸在太阳能电池、生物燃料电池和摩擦纳米发电机等能源转化领域的应用,最后指出了纤维素纸基功能材料目前存在的问题并展望了其发展前景。     

基于共轭静电纺包覆纱摩擦纳米发电机的制备

开发用于可穿戴设备的摩擦纳米发电机,利用共轭静电纺丝技术制备兼具导电和介电功能的包覆纱,将包覆纱织制成织物并组装成接触-分离式摩擦纳米发电机,测试包覆纱的外观形貌、红外光谱、XRD、力学性能以及摩擦纳米发电机的电学性能和耐久性。试验结果表明：包覆纱无纱芯外露现象,随着织物中包覆纱密度增加,摩擦纳米发电机的电压增加,电流增加,包覆纱在织物中的密度为188根/(10 cm)时,电学输出性能最好,经500次摩擦后仍能保持稳定的电学输出性能。该摩擦纳米发电机可在人体运动驱动下产生电压和电流,并能够点亮含有38个LED灯的灯牌。     

织物电极的制备及其在间隔织物摩擦纳米发电机的应用研究进展

摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)技术与传统纺织品的融合，为智能纺织品带来了新的活力和更多的应用方向。然而基于纺织品的TENG输出仍处于较低的水平，织物结构上的导电层影响电荷传输可能是原因之一。本文从织物基摩擦纳米发电机的导电层和特殊间隔织物结构研究出发，综述了摩擦纳米发电机的织物电极的制备方法，以及其在间隔织物TENG的应用现状。在此基础上，讨论了织物电极阻碍其输出的潜在困难和严峻挑战。希望不仅能在一定程度上加深智能纺织品与TENG之间的联系，也能为未来可穿戴TENG的相关研究和应用提供一些参考。     

基于纳米纤维柔性摩擦发电机的制备

采用静电纺丝技术分别制备尼龙(PA66)纳米纤维、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)纳米纤维膜作为摩擦发电的正极、负极材料,选择铜箔胶带作为纳米纤维的接收装置,同时作为摩擦发电机的导电电极材料,对其表面形貌与电信号输出性能进行表征测试。结果显示,PA66纳米纤维的直径小,大多为150～250 nm; PVDF纳米纤维的直径较粗,大多为200～300 nm。由PA66纳米纤维膜与PVDF纳米纤维膜制得的摩擦发电机的最大输出电流为0. 2μA,最大输出电压为60 V,可点亮普通商用LED灯泡。     

摩擦纳米发电机在织物基智能可穿戴中的应用

智能可穿戴技术的快速发展对供能系统适用、经济、环保等提出了更高的要求。因体积大、不耐久、非柔性、不易集成于织物、综合成本高昂,并且单位储能能力有限、电容充电不便,所以现有的原电池、二次电池、燃料电池、储能电池等"化学能-电能"装置,无法满足智能可穿戴设备对能源供给系统的要求。摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)可以将环境中低频机械能转化为电能,且拥有能源供应稳定、经济性好、适用性强、清洁环保等优势。将摩擦纳米发电机集成到纺织品上,持续、稳定提供电能是解决目前织物基智能可穿戴领域供能问题的重要途径。总结了摩擦纳米发电机相比较于传统电池的应用优势,介绍了摩擦纳米发电机的基本工作原理和理论模型,概述了提高摩擦发电性能的方法,详述了其在织物上材料集成与结构设计方式,列举了其集成在纺织品及其他方面上的应用。讨论了目前摩擦纳米发电机在织物基智能可穿戴研究中存在的问题,展望了恒流摩擦纳米发电机等未来研究方向。     

纸基摩擦纳米发电机的制备与性能

纸张作为一种绿色材料在摩擦纳米发电机的制备中获得了越来越多的关注。本文简单介绍了摩擦纳米发电机的结构和工作原理,着重分析总结了纸基摩擦纳米发电机的制备与应用,并按照纸张在摩擦纳米发电机中的作用,将纸基纳米摩擦发电机分为3类:纸张作为基板材料、纸张作为摩擦带电材料以及纸张同时作为电极基板与摩擦带电材料的摩擦纳米发电机;并介绍了近年来各类纸基摩擦纳米发电机的结构组成、性能和简单应用。     

纺织基摩擦纳米发电机的研究进展

探讨纺织基摩擦纳米发电机在智能可穿戴电子器件领域的研究及应用现状。从纤维层面,摩擦纳米发电机依据结构类型分为螺旋缠绕结构、多层包裹结构、螺旋缠绕与多层包裹相结合的结构。从织物层面,按照摩擦纳米发电机制备方法分为多层堆叠法和纺织织造法。根据不同应用领域,对纺织基柔性摩擦纳米发电机的应用现状进行了系统综述。指出了纺织基摩擦纳米发电机在发展中存在的问题,并展望了其未来研究的方向。认为:纺织基摩擦纳米发电机的研发趋向于便携化和微型精细化;在未来智能化可穿戴器件中,其必将渗透于我们日常生活的方方面面。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the