益生菌和粪菌移植调节炎症性肠病的研究进展

炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel diseases,IBD）是一种易复发的慢性胃肠道炎症性疾病,近年来在世界范围内的发病率逐渐上升。IBD的发病因素复杂,主要是由遗传、环境、免疫等因素相互作用导致的,随着宿主-肠道微生物相互作用的深入研究,人们发现肠道菌群在IBD的进展中发挥着重要作用,因此基于调节肠道微生物群缓解或治疗IBD的新型方法也备受关注。近年来的大量研究都表明益生菌、粪菌移植可以通过调节肠道微生物的组成、增强肠道屏障功能、调节机体免疫反应等达到缓解IBD的目的。因此,本文对IBD的发病因素以及益生菌、粪菌移植调节IBD的研究进展进行综述。     

双歧杆菌及其制剂对炎症性肠病作用机制研究进展

炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）是一种发病机制尚未明确且容易反复性发作的胃肠道炎症疾病。随着生活环境和饮食习惯等的改变，IBD的全球发病率已达0.3%，并在日益增长。一直以来IBD的治疗方法聚焦在抗炎药物以及肠道免疫调节方面，近年来随着对肠道微生物研究的深入，发现炎症性肠道疾病的发生与肠道菌群的变化有着密切的关联，同时还发现一部分微生物可以从多方面缓解IBD。本文对肠道有益菌群——双歧杆菌及其制剂在IBD中的应用以及作用机制进行了综述，以期为通过益生菌治疗IBD提供参考。     

特殊医学用途配方食品在炎症性肠病中的研究与应用进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种特殊的慢性肠道炎症性疾病，随着对IBD研究的愈加深入，研究学者开始探索特殊医学用途配方食品在缓解IBD病情的潜力，通过饮食疗法调节肠道菌群和维持肠道屏障和肠道黏膜的完整性，达到缓解病症的作用。本文论述了特殊医学用途配方食品在IBD患者的相关研究，包括IBD患者体内营养素变化特征、IBD患者饮食治疗方式、IBD患者特殊医学用途配方食品的配方设计，为炎性肠病患者的饮食护理提供理论参考，以期望特殊医学用途配方食品作为辅助治疗食品应用于临床能更直接有效地缓解炎症性肠病病情。     

益生菌在胃肠道内作用机理研究现状综述

人体肠道中存在着大量的微生物菌群,能够对人体产生有益或者有害的影响,通过对宿主的利害关系,可以将肠道菌群分为益生菌,中性菌以及有害菌。益生菌是在足够数量的情况下,能够带给宿主健康益处。益生菌参与了维持人体健康以及临床治疗的一系列生理反应,包括益生菌本身具有刺激肠道,共聚肠道上皮竞争性抑制病原体,治疗过敏反应,直接刺激免疫细胞产生免疫反应;以及益生菌产生的次级代谢产物能够通过调节免疫信号通路来参与免疫反应,抗炎抗腹泻,预防心血管疾病等。本文旨在对益生菌的研究现状进行整理与收集,重点关注益生菌在肠道中的相互作用,讨论益生菌与次级代谢产物的作用机理,分析益生菌能够发挥的临床功效,以及益生菌在使用过程中的限制。     

饭后补充益生菌效果更佳

益生菌从字面理解就是对人体有益的活菌,主要有酪酸梭菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌等. 益生菌具备促进消化吸收、增强人体免疫力、调节肠道菌群、缓解过敏反应四大好处.当体内益生菌不足或失调时,补充益生菌能更好地维护肠道健康.     

后生元:肠道疾病调控新策略

近年来各国肠道疾病的患病率不断攀升，已严重影响人们的生活质量。许多研究证实益生菌对肠道疾病的预防和治疗有促进作用，然而，某些益生菌的安全性问题仍存在争议。研究发现后生元(即益生菌的组分和/或代谢产物)具有保护上皮屏障、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等功能，可以改善健康状况和预防肠道疾病，并且与益生菌相比，后生元具有清晰的化学结构和安全剂量参数等优势，可以作为益生菌替代物成为预防疾病的新方向。基于此，本文结合近几年国内外的最新研究成果，综述后生元在疾病预防中的益生作用以及在预防炎症性肠病，肠易激综合征，结、直肠癌肠道疾病中的生物学作用及相关机制，这对研究后生元在疾病预防中的应用具有重要意义。     

表达鼠源β-防御素14的植物乳植杆菌减轻小鼠急性结肠炎

抗菌肽β-防御素除抗菌活性以外,还具有免疫调节功能,在维持肠道稳态中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在探讨鼠源β-防御素14（mouse β-defensin 14,mBD14）在炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）中的作用。本实验采用植物乳植杆菌为载体,利用基因工程技术实现mBD14在小鼠肠道中的靶向递送,同时评估其对葡聚糖硫酸钠盐（dextran sulfate sodium,DSS）诱发的小鼠结肠炎的调控作用。结果显示,表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌能够缓解小鼠急性结肠炎症状。基于表观指标的明显变化,进一步探究表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌在结肠炎中的作用机制,发现该菌株可调节肠道菌群,进而缓解上皮损伤,维持肠道屏障,同时抑制结肠内促炎因子的分泌,并阻断NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3炎症小体以及下游炎症通路的激活。综上所述,表达mBD14的植物乳植杆菌可通过维持肠道稳态来减轻DSS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎,本研究可为通过益生菌和抗菌肽防治IBD提供新思路。     

食物过敏与炎症性肠道疾病关联性的研究进展

随着全球过敏人群数量的增加,食物过敏日益受到人们的关注。炎症性肠道疾病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）对食物过敏的发生具有重要的免疫学意义。越来越多的研究表明,食物过敏与IBD具有相似的流行病学研究数据、发病机制、临床症状以及治疗方法,并且IBD能够增加患者患食物过敏的几率。本文在阐述食物过敏与IBD发病率和临床症状相似性的基础上,重点讨论食物过敏与IBD的发病机制以及影响两种疾病发生的关联因素,最后概述针对IBD患者未来缓解以及避免食物过敏的方法和应对策略。通过了解食物过敏与IBD的关联性,可为认知IBD患者发生食物过敏的风险因素提供科学依据,并为预防及治疗IBD患者发生食物过敏提供新的研究思路和科学信息。     

天然多糖做为纳米载体用于治疗炎症性肠病的研究进展

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性、多因素、复发性疾病,以免疫系统紊乱和肠道炎症为特征。天然多糖具有p H响应性、胃耐受性、结肠微生物群的降解性和粘膜粘附性以及良好的抗炎活性和肠道菌群调节能力,被认为是设计IBD新型制剂的理想载体。将天然多糖做为纳米载体包裹药物靶向至结肠,既提高了药物的生物利用度又实现协同治疗的效果。文章综述了基于天然多糖纳米载体协同治疗IBD的机制以及做为载体的多糖在IBD治疗中的应用。     

益生菌喷雾干燥影响机制及优化策略分析

益生菌作为一种有益于肠道菌群的微生态制剂,在缓解急慢性胃肠炎、治疗腹泄、改善消化,缓解乳糖不耐症、减少病原菌于肠内的定植和生长、提升免疫力、缓解神经发育障碍等方面发挥重要作用。近些年,用喷雾干燥技术进行益生菌菌体干燥并对喷雾干燥工艺进行优化开展了大量的研究,取得了丰硕的成果。该文回顾了益生菌喷雾干燥的基本原理,并对影响益生菌喷雾干燥的因素进行了系统而全面分析。为提升益生菌喷雾干燥的活菌率,提出了益生菌喷雾干燥工艺优化策略,以期对益生菌的喷雾干燥研究起到推动作用。     

Probiotics: The scientific evidence in the context of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generally comprises Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and their main characteristic is the intestinal mucosa inflammation. Although its origin is not yet fully known, there is growing evidence related to genetics, intestinal microbiota composition, and the immune system factors such as precursors for the initiation and progression of intestinal conditions. The use of certain probiotic microorganisms has been touted as a possible and promising therapeutic approach in reducing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, specifically ulcerative colitis. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the benefits of probiotics, indicating that some bacterial strains are able to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota and the immune system, and to produce metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this paper is to bring together the various results and information, based on scientific evidence, that are related to probiotics and inflammatory bowel disease, emphasizing the possible mechanisms involved in this action.     

Inflammatory bowel disease: current insights into pathogenesis and new therapeutic options; probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder involving a dysregulated host-microbiota interaction. IBD patients have been shown to possess an increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer. Recently, focus has been placed on probiotic and prebiotic therapies, which aim to restore balance to the gastrointestinal microbiota, and reduce intestinal inflammation. Probiotics have been assessed extensively in animal models, with a number of clinical trials also demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits. However, it is widely accepted that more double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trials are required. Future research also needs to focus on determining which probiotics are the most efficacious in the IBD setting, and how the genetic and bacterial profiles of the patient will influence treatment responsiveness. Prebiotics have been studied less extensively, however, they may become an ideal treatment or co-treatment option due to their capacity to increase endogenous lactobacillus and bifidobacteria. Probiotics and prebiotics may offer a new therapeutic option for the treatment of IBD, however, a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind their action on the gastrointestinal microbiota is required in order to determine which probiotic, prebiotic or combinations thereof are the most beneficial.     

膳食纤维干预炎症性肠病研究进展

炎症性肠病（Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）是一种慢性、反复发作、久治难愈的胃肠道炎症性疾病,通常伴随着炎性细胞浸润及肠粘膜受损,具有一定的癌变风险。大量研究表明,膳食纤维（Dietary fiber,DF）作为一种益生元,在改善肠道菌群结构、强化肠道屏障功能、缓解肠道炎症等方面功效显著,具有多重营养及保健功能,在干预IBD方面表现出巨大的潜力,但其中的作用机制尚未阐明。此外,DFs由于水溶性不同可分为可溶性膳食纤维（Soluble dietary fiber,SDF）和不溶性膳食纤维（Insoluble dietary fiber,IDF）,二者特性不同,对IBD的作用效果也不尽相同。因此,本文就SDF和IDF防治IBD的基本原理、现有证据及其作用机制进行综述,综合分析了IBD的DFs干预治疗策略,为DFs的深入研究和开发应用提供参考。     

DHA及其衍生物对肠道炎症作用的研究进展

炎症性肠病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的发病率逐年升高,且近年的研究发现以DHA为代表的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸及其衍生物对于炎症性肠病具有良好的缓解作用。本文总结了DHA 及其衍生物在肠道炎症研究和治疗中的应用和机制,并提出了一种新型DHA苄胺化衍生物在肠道炎症领域的潜在研究和应用价值,以期为DHA类化合物的更深入研究和应用提供一些理论参考和借鉴。     

益生菌辅助治疗手足口病的作用机制及临床应用进展

益生菌是一类对人体和动物体有益的菌,作为肠道内的正常微生物优势菌群,可调节菌群失调,促使肠道微生态恢复平衡.对肠道菌群与人类健康关系的深入研究发现,益生菌可对机体进行免疫调节、补充并调节肠道菌群,维持肠道微环境平衡,保护肠黏膜屏障功能、影响多种细胞因子以提高肠道免疫性能,可用于儿童手足口病的辅助治疗,明显缩短皮疹好转及...     

Is there any place for alimentary probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease?

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an interaction between genetically determined host susceptibility, dysregulated immune response, and the enteric microbiota. Ecological treatments including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are actively studied in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. We review herein the literature on the rational use of probiotics in IBD considering efficacy (as evaluated in randomized controlled trials), mechanisms of action and safety issues. A probiotic effect is strictly restricted to one defined strain and cannot be generalized from one to another. There is evidence of efficacy of some probiotic drugs in pouchitis (VSL#3), and in the prevention of recurrence of UC (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917). However, the evidence for efficacy of probiotic drugs in CD is still low as well as that of dietary ecological treatments. Despite an ecological (hopefully nutritional) treatment of IBD is promising, many questions remain unanswered and further clinical and fundamental studies are needed.     

Lessons from probiotic-host interaction studies in murine models of experimental colitis

In inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), it is known that besides genetic and environmental factors (e.g. diet, drugs, stress), the microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis. Patients with IBD have an altered microbiota (dysbiosis) and therefore, probiotics, defined as 'live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts can confer a health benefit on the host', have been suggested as nutritional supplements to restore these imbalances. The best response on probiotics among the different types of IBD appears to be in the case of ulcerative colitis. Although probiotics show promise in IBD in both clinical and animal studies, further mechanistic studies are necessary to optimize the use of probiotics as supporting therapy in IBD. Murine models of experimental colitis have been used for decades to study this pathology, and these models have been proven useful to search for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review is to summarize probiotic-host interaction studies in murine models of experimental colitis and to evaluate how these models can further help in understanding these complex interactions. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects will assist in better and possibly more efficient probiotic formulations.     

Probiotics: towards demonstrating efficacy

PROBDEMO, a multi-centre European research project, began in 1996 with the aim of demonstrating that probiotic micro-organisms can positively effect human health in rigorously conducted human clinical studies. These studies, now completed, have shown that some probiotics can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota and modulate the host immune system with measurable benefits to health, including the control of atopic eczema in infants with food allergy. Considerable promise was also demonstrated for the use of selected probiotics in controlling inflammatory bowel disease, and infections in children and the elderly. The scientific approaches to selecting and evaluating probiotics that were demonstrated in the PROBDEMO project provide a model for food manufacturers to move further towards demonstrating efficacy for their probiotic products.