施工企业BIM采纳率研究——基于主体建模法

采用基于主体建模的方法,分析BIM应用程度和项目风险对一定区域范围内施工企业BIM采纳率的影响。研究发现,BIM应用程度对BIM采纳率的影响作用具有一定的波动性;而项目风险对BIM采纳率的影响趋势则呈现单调性;在BIM应用程度和项目风险对BIM采纳率的影响作用中,企业的风险承受能力发挥较为显著的调节作用。     

BIM adoption by public facility agencies: impacts on occupant value

ABSTRACT

Many governments have begun to demand that large public facility agencies adopt and implement building information modelling (BIM) in their business processes. Some have published BIM guides. Most of these are technical specifications that are useful at the project level, but they provide no support for the organization-level adoption effort. On the basis of a literature review, action research and case studies of five large UK government facility agencies, a BIM adoption impact map (BIM AIM) is proposed. It describes a set of possible relationships between the actions taken by public facility agencies, the intermediate outcomes of their actions and the eventual achievement of value for the occupants of the facilities they build. BIM AIM can be used by public facility agencies with a wide variety of construction project types to analyse and visualize the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities in their BIM adoption efforts, potentially enabling them to focus on social impacts and outcomes rather than on the technological or management actions that intermediate stakeholders promote.     

Assessing the implementation of BIM – an information systems approach

Much attention has been paid to measuring the perceived benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). Yet despite an increase its adoption throughout the construction industry, important links between implementation, support and benefits are yet to be explored. We examine the constitutive elements of the BIM implementation process of two case studies implementing and using BIM: the first is a large urban regeneration project, and the second is a healthcare project. A well-recognised model of system success is mobilized from the field of information systems (ISs) to reveal that irrespective of project size and type, BIM benefits are confined to technically discrete productivity and efficiency gains when there is limited focus on the organizational aspects of BIM adoption. This paper focuses on the disconnections between organizational and project level BIM implementation using the DeLone and McLean Model as an analytical framework to systematically examine the benefits of BIM to each project in relation to the implementation approach employed. This study highlights the significance of these interdependencies and argues for a more comprehensive approach to BIM benefits capture that recognises this to usefully inform implementation strategy development.     

Understanding adoption and use of BIM as the creation of actor networks

There has been a considerable time lag between the emergence of visionary expectations of BIM's (Building Information Models) transformative potential in the architecture, engineering and construction industry, and the deployment of the technology in the industry's daily practice. By viewing adoption and use of BIM as the inter-linkage of actors forming a building and construction project, the aim of the paper is to uncover mechanisms facilitating and constraining the creation of actor networks in which BIM is adopted and used. The aim is pursued by a case study in a major Swedish construction company. It is concluded that the possibility of incremental implementation of BIM applications is well aligned with the character of the industrial context. But the context can also constrain the use of applications requiring more long term thinking. However, because of the disruptive nature of building and construction projects, the challenge is to maintain and re-establish the network in which BIM is used in consecutive projects. When clients and regulating bodies recognize benefits from BIM usage, the main obstacle created by these characteristics of the industry will diminish.     

基于SNA的工程组织BIM采纳提升路径研究

以工程组织为研究对象,基于制度与技术互动的视角,识别并精炼21项影响工程组织BIM采纳的因素。在此基础上,应用社会网络分析进行网络整体及个体因素间作用关系研究,探究工程组织如何提高其BIM采纳。研究发现领导/管理风格是影响组织BIM采纳的主导因素,资金支持和组织学习与创新是组织提升BIM采纳的关键。此外,探析了BIM采纳提升路径,为促进各影响因素持续改善、组织BIM采纳不断提升提出针对性建议。     

Decentralised green infrastructure: the importance of stakeholder behaviour in determining spatial and temporal outcomes

The traditional approaches to resolving urban stormwater problems include costly expansion of collections systems and/or creation of in-line storage and treatment capacity. An emerging ‘green’ infrastructure (GI) approach would instead reduce runoff sources. An agent-based model is used to explore the spatiotemporal emergence of rain gardens and green roofs in Point Breeze, a 175 ha neighbourhood in South Philadelphia, PA, under two different scenarios. In the first, household GI adoption rules consider only economic self-interest and the physical compatibility of each GI technology with lot characteristics. In the second scenario, the adoption rules are enhanced based on insights into the possible behaviour of property owners, as intuited by the designers/authors over a two-year period using a variety of empirical methods. In Scenario 2, relevant knowledge and perceptions are transferred to household decision-makers through social networks, and exposure to GI is assumed to diffuse GI innovation. The two scenarios differ in the temporal rate of GI adoption in the neighbourhood at large (greater in Scenario 1), as well as in the spatial influence of early adopters in Scenario 2, underscoring the importance of stakeholder decisions in the ultimate the effectiveness of watershed-scale GI programs.     

The advantages of information management through building information modelling

As building information modelling (BIM) is positioned by governments and construction professionals as a solution to the problems in the construction industry, research is needed into the benefits BIM actually confers. The focus here is on the effectiveness of BIM as a medium for communicating information within a construction team. A case study of an offsite precast concrete fabrication facility was conducted. At the time of the study, the facility was supplying precast units for four public sector projects, and using four information management systems: e-mail, a construction project extranet tool, an Enterprise Resource Planning system and a new BIM-based system. The flow of information through the four media was measured and visualized as the projects progressed. This quantitative measurement of information flow was combined with qualitative data from interviews with facility staff. It was found that the introduction of the BIM-based system diverted information flow through the building model and away from the extranet system. The use of e-mail was largely unaffected. BIM allowed considerably more accurate, on-time and appropriate exchange of information. It is concluded it is possible to quantify some of the benefits of BIM to information management. This research paves the way for future research into the management of more construction project information linked more closely to building models.     

Impact of organization size and project type on BIM adoption in the Chinese construction market

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is perceived as an effective tool for improving the delivery and coordination of construction projects. The Chinese construction sector has demonstrated significant interest in implementing the 3-dimensional modelling-based process. BIM adoption is influenced by several factors which can either be operational or strategic related. Factors which can have a significant impact include the size of the construction organization and the type of projects that the organization has to deliver (i.e. building vs infrastructure projects). This study aims to evaluate the effect of project type and size on BIM adoption in the Chinese market, via an adoption model which analyses factors impacting the adoption decision. The study examines 200 samples collected from the Chinese construction industry, split equally between infrastructure and building construction data groups, as well as SMEs and large organizations. The collected data are first analyzed by principal component analysis and then through a Structural Equation Modelling-based multiple group analysis. Results demonstrate that essential factors such as operational risks are considered by small organization, whereas large organizations focus on implementation challenges. Implementation benefits and challenges are significant on the adoption decision in infrastructure organizations, but not in building organizations. In addition, the study reveals that “technical support” is an important factor when it comes to BIM adoption among all types of organizations, regardless of the organization’s size and project type delivered.     

Building Information Modeling (BIM) outsourcing among general contractors

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process used by Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) stakeholders which simulates a construction project in a multi-dimensional digital model and provides multitudes of project benefits from project inception to its occupancy. However, a variety of barriers impede a holistic BIM implementation. Due to these barriers, some general contractors outsource the creation and use of BIM models to specialized Information Technology (IT) firms. Since limited literature currently exists for BIM outsourcing, this study aims to identify BIM outsourcing patterns among the general contractors across the US and the perceived impacts it has on construction projects. Analysis of two-hundred and fifty-two complete responses from general contracting firms determines that 45% of responding companies have outsourced BIM, this signifies that outsourcing has become an important facet of BIM implementation. Data was also collected on company demographics, BIM outsourcing locations, strategic reasons for outsourcing, and various other aspects related to BIM outsourcing. The results indicate that respondents perceive BIM outsourcing as less efficient than in-house BIM implementation. However, continued use of outsourcing for BIM functions also displays the adaptability of the industry in meeting challenges and embracing new technology through alternative methods, despite the potential risks.     

Understanding the impact of BIM on collaboration: a Canadian case study

ABSTRACT

Facilitating collaboration amongst project stakeholders in the construction industry is one of the central tenants of building information modelling (BIM). While there is increasing evidence of the positive influence of BIM on project outcomes, ambiguity remains around BIM’s true impact on collaboration. The presented case study aims to develop insights into the impact of BIM on collaboration in the architecture, engineering and construction industry. A critical realist perspective was adopted and a systematic combining approach was employed to support data collection and analysis. Data were collected through a longitudinal case study of a large design–build project in Canada. The unit of analysis was the individual project team member. Five cognitive determinants identified from the analysis are seen to inform an individual’s framing of event patterns in the context of BIM-enabled collaboration: requirements, expectations, intentions, incentives and capabilities. From this perspective, the impact of BIM on collaboration is understood as a reshaping of an individual’s cognitive determinants, which influence a team member’s framing of event patterns enacted throughout project delivery. This shift is manifested by changing information landscapes, i.e. sources and flows of information, that are generated, shared and consumed within the project team.     

BIM技术应用的机遇与挑战:香港建筑业实践情况(英文)

近年来,建筑信息建模(BIM)在香港的建筑行业中获得了广泛的认同,无论是政府还是业内人士都意识到这将是个不可逆转的趋势。BIM正逐步改变传统的以2D图表达建筑产品及其将各建筑阶段分散的设计模式,在不久的将来,BIM将可以为建筑业的相关各方提供一个可用于全生命周期管理的三维产品模型。本研究首先对BIM技术在香港目前的运用状况做了一个概述,然后主要介绍了BIM技术应用中相关各方的主要工作及其在应用的成效。其次,介绍香港建筑行业中各个相关方在现有的社会和技术环境下运用BIM技术中将面对的障碍和挑战。最后,文章通过一个案例来说明的BIM在实际运用中的好处,同时阐述了在实现"理想的状况"使用的BIM技术将面临的技术上的局限性和困难。     

BIM在施工总承包项目管理中的应用价值探索

通过几年的发展,BIM技术在国内建设行业得到越来越广泛的应用。但是,现阶段的BIM应用主要集中在管线综合排布、施工方案模拟、工程量统计等专项应用上,BIM与项目管理的集成应用还比较缺乏。本文分析了BIM技术和传统项目管理系统在施工总承包项目管理中的应用制约因素,提出了基于BIM的项目管理系统架构,探索了BIM在施工总承包项目管理中的应用价值。     

Component based engineering of a mobile BIM-based augmented reality system

Over the last decade, building information models (BIM) have become increasingly popular. Yet their use on construction sites where the digital materializes, is limited. A technology that can bridge the gap between the digital and the real world is augmented reality (AR). We analyze this gap and the AR potential and present how the component based software engineering method can be used to efficiently implement a BIM-based AR system for construction. An architecture of the software system is proposed and verified by a prototype which was tested in a real construction project. We found out that the use of AR can significantly narrow the semantic gap between the digital model and the real world; that components for creating a BIM-based AR systems exist but currently do not scale well to large models; and that the use in AR applications creates additional requirements the for BIM models and tools, particularly related to the BIM's 4th dimension.     

Breaking into BIM: Performing static and dynamic security analysis with the aid of BIM

The design and construction industry is moving towards Building Information Models (BIM) that provide all of the strengths of traditional 3D CAD with an added layer of data allowing new and powerful applications. We investigate the concept of using the data within BIM to better explore security design and considerations. We achieve this by first graphing the physical entities of BIM to capture their relational representation as nodes and links. This graph representation will facilitate the use of graph theory or agent-based simulation to assist in the analysis of the static and dynamic behaviour of the environment around the BIM. We also demonstrate an application of graphing by investigating the use of BIM to explore automated infrastructure security design and consideration via red-teaming. The intent is to make security analysis easier and a process that can be carried out during the design phase of a project, even by non-expert users.     

Site managers’ daily work and the uses of building information modelling in construction site management

The use of building information modelling (BIM) and related software tools is increasingly expanding in the work of site managers in construction projects. The early uses of BIM in the actual tasks of site managers are explored by examining the utilization of BIM in their work and the challenges in the deployment of the new digital tools for traditional project collaboration. The ethnographic method of the study consists of shadowing the site managers’ work. The site managers actively used BIM and found it beneficial for their daily work. However, the use of BIM in construction sites is still limited because only a few managers have the competence to use BIM software tools, mobile tools are lacking, and the information content of the models needed for construction work is insufficient.     

Requirements for BIM platforms in the concrete reinforcement supply chain

Despite increasing adoption of Building Information Modeling for reinforced concrete, there is a lack of research to identify system requirements for BIM platforms to efficiently perform various activities throughout reinforcement supply chain. In this study, we evaluate current tools' capabilities and performance from this perspective. We first develop the information flow process model for concrete reinforcement over its supply chain. This process model provides the basis to identify the necessary capabilities for BIM tools to efficiently support and improve the entire reinforcement supply chain. The identified capabilities were compared to the implemented capabilities of the major BIM tools supporting the reinforced concrete domain. BIM tools are evaluated in four areas: design and modeling; editing, updating and optimization, interoperability, and project and construction management. This assessment illustrates development trends in the BIM software industry with regard to concrete reinforcement. Recommendations are proposed for future enhancements of BIM platforms to address current shortcomings.     

Workforce location tracking to model,visualize and analyze workspace requirements in building information models for construction safety planning

Safety as well as productivity performance in construction is often poor due to congested site conditions. We lack a formalized approach in effective activity-level construction planning to avoid workspace congestion. The purpose of this research is to investigate and prototype a new Building Information Modeling (BIM) enabled approach for activity-level construction site planning that can pro-actively improve construction safety. The presented method establishes automated workspace visualization in BIM, using remote sensing and workspace modeling technologies as an integral part of construction safety planning. Global Positioning System (GPS) data loggers were attached to the hardhats of a work crew constructing cast-in-place concrete columns. Novel algorithms were developed for extracting activity-specific workspace parameters from the recorded workforce location tracking data. Workspaces were finally visualized on a BIM platform for detecting potential workspace conflicts among the other competing work crews or between material lifting equipment. The developed method can support project stakeholders, such as engineers, planners, construction managers, foremen and site supervisors and workers with the identification and visualization of the required or potentially congested workspaces. Therefore, it improves the foundation on how decisions are made related to construction site safety as well as its potential impact on a productive and unobstructed work environment.     

BIM技术在建筑业的应用能力评述

BIM技术是数字技术在建筑业中的直接应用,正在引领建筑行业一次史无前例的变革。在文献调查的基础上,总结了BIM技术的应用能力,对BIM的主要工具进行了全面的对比分析,指出了阻碍BIM技术应用的主要问题并给出了相关的建议。该研究有利于建筑行业实践者对BIM技术的应用能力有全面的理解和掌握,促进BIM技术在实际建设项目中的广泛应用,并为BIM技术研究的学者指明进一步研究的方向。     

Semantic Enrichment for Building Information Modeling

Significant difficulties remain in exchanging information between building information modeling (BIM) tools. The industry foundation classes (IFC) exchange schema is too generic to capture the full semantic meaning needed for direct use by different construction project stakeholders’ BIM tools. Although BIM standards that prescribe model view definitions (MVD) for domain‐specific exchanges are under development, insufficient semantic definition of exchanges prevents achievement of the full potential of BIM through seamless interoperability. We propose an innovative approach for supplementing an IFC exchange file with semantically useful concepts inferred from the explicit and implicit information contained in the building model. A prototype software was implemented to test the applicability of the approach. It consists of a rule‐processing engine and allows composition of inference rule‐sets that can be tailored for different domains. The tests demonstrate semantic enrichment with precast concrete building models, adding inferred joint, slab aggregation and connection concepts.     

Extending BIM interoperability to preconstruction operations using geospatial analyses and semantic web services

Since the early 2000s, building information modeling (BIM) has been used through the entire project life cycle to facilitate effective project collaboration and integration of data to support project activities. Despite the successful applications of BIM in the design and construction stages, the use of BIM for preconstruction planning has not gained wide acceptance as in other project phases. The integration of BIM and geospatial analyses can offer substantial benefits to manage the planning process during the design and preconstruction stages. However, this integration suffers from a lack of interoperability across the geospatial and BIM domains. Semantic web technology is used in this study to convey meaning, which is interpretable by both construction project participants as well as BIM and geographic information systems (GIS) applications processing the transferred data. To achieve this, we first translate building's elements and GIS data into a semantic web data format. Then we use a set of standardized ontologies for construction operations to integrate and query the heterogeneous spatial and temporal data. Finally, we use a query language to access and acquire the data in semantic web format. Through two scenario examples, the potential usefulness of the proposed methodology is validated.