基于IEEE802.15.4协议的延时线问题探讨

IEEE802.15.4协议引入了延时线的概念,给协议带来了一定的影响.通过探讨工作在饱和状态、星形拓扑、信标使能的传感器网络下带时隙的马尔可夫链模型,推导出了该状态下的延时计算公式.仿真表明,延时线对延时的影响可以忽略,主要起节能作用.针对延时线的引入导致接入概率降低的问题,提出了让接入时隙的分布和节点数据长度相关的解决方案.     

CDMA-CSMA混合协议在理想PLC网络中的应用

近年来,随着电力线通信的快速发展,电力线通信的多用户接入控制方式受到人们的普遍关注。本文提出了一种基于CDMA的时隙式非坚持CSMA多址接入协议,并根据协议建立了马尔可夫链数学模型,经过分析得到了影响网络性能的因素,并推导出了网络吞吐量性能的公式。最后定性定量地分析了不同因素对系统性能的影响。本文提出的CDMA-CSMA混合协议,有效地提高了上行信道利用率,且抗干扰能力和保密性能良好。     

基于Licensed Assisted Access技术的退避算法设计与优化

随着无线宽带网络的发展,移动数据业务疯狂增长,频谱资源紧缺,为了扩充LTE容量,提高频谱利用率,LAA(Licensed Assisted Access)技术,即在非授权频段部署LTE网络,与其他无线接入技术(如Wi-Fi技术)融合共存的问题,逐渐成为研究焦点。因此,竞争机制中退避算法的设计成为关键。本文主要针对Wi-Fi与LAA共存的场景,基于LBT(Listen Before Talk)竞争机制,设计了三种退避算法,并在ns-3仿真平台上实现仿真,对比纯Wi-Fi环境下的性能表现,对退避算法进行合理的优化。     

超宽带分组无线Ad Hoc网络性能分析

超宽带技术被看作当前无线通信技术中最有前途的技术.本文根据UWB通信的多址方式,提出一种室内短距离分组移动自组网(ad hoc)的模型,然后讨论了UWB信号物理层与窄带信号不同的同步捕获问题和多址干扰问题,利用马尔可夫链分析了这种应用于UWB Ad Hoc无线局域网的时隙ALOHA-CDMA随机接入协议.结果表明,UWB的脉冲重复周期(To)与脉冲宽度(Tp)之比对性能的影响很大,只要设计合理,UWB信号在移动自组网就中可以充分发挥其优势,突破频谱瓶颈.     

一种跳预约多址接入协议的Qualnet仿真

Ad Hoc网络中信道接入协议控制着无线信道的接入,对网络性能起着决定性作用。网络仿真是协议设计中的重要环节,基于此介绍了一种可变时隙跳预约多址接入协议VS-HRMA,利用网络仿真软件Qualnet对其性能进行了仿真并分析了协议的优缺点,明确了改进的方向。     

一种新的双模微基站非授权信道接入方法

利用非授权频段频谱资源提升网络容量需要有效地解决LTE(Long Term Evaluation)与WiFi的共存问题。最近,学术界和工业界相继提出了授权频段辅助接入机制和双模微基站技术提升蜂窝通信系统容量。考虑双模微基站与WiFi接入点覆盖范围存在部分重叠场景,该文提出一种新的双模微基站非授权信道接入机制及联合授权非授权的优化频谱资源分配方案。仿真结果表明,双模微基站和WiFi接入点互不可见时,新方案相比于现有方案由于考虑了空间复用具有更好的系统性能;双模微基站和WiFi接入点互相可见时,新方案与现有方案性能一致,即两者分时独立占用非授权频段频谱资源。     

非授权频段中LTE和Wi-Fi共存系统性能研究

为了应对移动数据日益增长的需求,3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)对LTE(Long Term Evolution)扩展到非授权频段展开了相关讨论。LAA(Licensed-Assisted Access),亦称为LTE-U(Unlicensed LTE),与目前已经运行在5GHz非授权频段上的其他无线接入技术(如Wi-Fi)的共存问题,成为了研究的焦点。本文主要研究了在非授权频段上运行LTE和Wi-Fi系统共存的机制,设计实现了基于LAA和Wi-Fi共存场景的系统级仿真平台。仿真结果表明,在非授权频段上LAA能与Wi-Fi和谐共存。针对LAA系统设计一种合理的退避机制,能够同时提升LAA和Wi-Fi系统的吞吐量,提高资源分配的公平性和使用效率。     

虚拟化云无线接入网络下基于在线学习的网络切片虚拟资源分配算法

针对现有研究中缺乏云无线接入网络(C-RAN)场景下对网络切片高效的动态资源分配方案的问题,该文提出一种虚拟化C-RAN网络下的网络切片虚拟资源分配算法。首先基于受限马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP)理论建立了一个虚拟化C-RAN场景下的随机优化模型,该模型以最大化平均切片和速率为目标,同时受限于各切片平均时延约束以及网络平均回传链路带宽消耗约束。其次,为了克服CMDP优化问题中难以准确掌握系统状态转移概率的问题,引入决策后状态(PDS)的概念,将其作为一种“中间状态”描述系统在已知动态发生后,但在未知动态发生前所处的状态,其包含了所有与系统状态转移有关的已知信息。最后,提出一种基于在线学习的网络切片虚拟资源分配算法,其在每个离散的资源调度时隙内会根据当前系统状态为每个网络切片分配合适的资源块数量以及缓存资源。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地满足各切片的服务质量(QoS)需求,降低网络回传链路带宽消耗的压力并同时提升系统吞吐量。     

全双工认知NOMA网络下中继选择策略性能分析

本文把非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术与认知网络相结合,提出了一种基于多中继选择的认知NOMA网络模型。考虑了在瑞利衰落信道下,主网络借助次级网络中的全双工中继实现可靠通信,作为回报,次级网络允许接入授权频谱来传输次级信号。中继同时接收主次信号后,采用串行干扰消除技术(SIC)依次解码主次信号,并根据NOMA协议转发信号到主次用户端。推导了在两种中继选择策略下认知NOMA网络中断概率,并通过了蒙特卡罗仿真验证。仿真结果表明,两阶段中继选择策略和全双工技术能有效提高系统中断性能。      

一种基于VoWiFi的家庭调制解调器WiFi共享技术研究

通过对基于VoWiFi的家庭调制解调器WiFi出现的背景、技术可行性、安全性和实现方法的描述，论述了一种在4/5G信号覆盖不佳，且无可信WiFi信号接入的场景下，利用同一运营商的家庭调制解调器共享WiFi解决移动终端接入通信网络的语音和数据业务等通信需求的方法。     

Analysis of resource splitting scheme with cognitive based admission control for femto-WiFi wireless networks

The coexistence of femtocell and WiFi networks in a heterogeneous spectrum environment with licensed and unlicensed bands will support multi-mode femtocell users (FUs) to simultaneously transmit on both licensed and unlicensed bands. The efficient integration of both femtocell and WiFi technologies is seen as crucial for supporting the offloading of femtocell traffic to WiFi networks. To successfully deploy these integrated technologies, the overall licensed and unlicensed spectrum usage must be efficiently managed. Thus, we propose a new cognitive-based connection-level admission control with access retrial for a femtocell network that operates under a mixed spectrum of unlicensed and licensed bands. By deploying cognitive radio concepts, the FUs will utilize the unused spectrum of the existing unlicensed spectrum of the WiFi network in an opportunistic manner in addition to using the licensed spectrum. By using the retrial phenomenon policy, the blocked FUs can retry the access, which can reduce their loss probability. An analytical model using a three-dimensional continuous time Markov chain with a level-dependent quasi birth-and-death structure was developed to evaluate and study the performance of the proposed scheme. The matrix analytic method was used to obtain the steady state probability and performance measures. The result shows that the performance of FUs for integrated femtocell-WiFi networks using the proposed scheme significantly improved in terms of FUs throughput and loss probability. The results also show that the retrial phenomenon of FUs enhances their performance.     

Does fragmentation avoidance improve the performance of dynamic spectrum allocation in elastic optical networks?

Most spectrum allocation algorithms in elastic optical networks apply a greedy approach: A new connection is allocated as long as there are enough spectrum slots to accommodate it. Recently, a different approach was proposed. Named Deadlock–Avoidance (DA), it only establishes a new connection if the portion of spectrum left after allocating it is zero (full-link utilization) or is big enough to accommodate future requests. Otherwise, the connection request is blocked as a way to avoid fragmentation. The performance of DA has been evaluated in a single-link scenario, where its performance is not affected by the slot continuity constraint. In this paper, we evaluate for the first time the blocking performance and fragmentation level of DA in a fully dynamic network scenario with different bitrates and number of slots for a single link, a 4-node bus and a mesh topology. The performance was evaluated by simulation, and a lower bound was also derived using a continuous Markov chain model. Results are obtained for DA and three greedy algorithms: First Fit, Exact Fit and First–Last Fit. Results show that DA significantly decreases fragmentation, and thus, it exhibits a much lower blocking due to fragmentation than the greedy algorithms. However, this decrease is compensated by a new type of blocking due to the selective acceptance of connections. As a result, the extra computational complexity of DA does not compensate a gain in performance.     

Performance analysis of LTE-U coexistence network with WiFi using queueing model

The unforeseen mobile data explosion as well as the scarce of spectrum resource pose a major challenge to the performance of today's cellular networks which are in urgent need of novel solutions to handle such voluminous mobile data. Long term evolution-unlicensed (LTE-U), which extends the LTE standard operating on the unlicensed band, has been proposed to improve system throughput. In LTE-U system, arriving users will contend the unlicensed spectrum resource with wireless fidelity (WiFi) users to transmit data information. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus as to the benefits of transmission using unlicensed bands for LTE users. To this end, in this paper an analytical model is presented based on a queue system to understand the performance achieved by unlicensed based LTE system taking quality of services (QoS) and LTE-U users' behaviors into account. To obtain the stead-state solutions of the queue system, a matrix geometric method is used to solve it. Then, the average delay and utilization of unlicensed band for the LTE-U users is derived by using the queuing model. The performance of LTE-U coexistence is evaluated with WiFi using the proposed model and provide some initial insights as to the advantage of LTE-U in practice.     

Hybrid Channel Access Mechanism Based on Coexistence Scenario of NR-Unlicensed

With the rapid development of 5G NR(New Radio),the explosive increment of traffic amount is calling the utilization of unlicensed band.3GPP has proposed LAA(Licensed Assisted Access)to use LTE in unlicensed band and pointed out that NR-U(NR-Unlicensed)can reuse most designs of it.However,the existing channel access mechanism of LAA is conservative under the coexistence scenario of NR-U,which leads to the waste of time resource.To address the problem this paper proposes a hybrid channel access mechanism to take advantage of the LBT(Listen-Before-Talk)mechanism of LAA when channel is quite busy and transmit directly with reduced power when it is relatively idle.The channel busy degree is judged by a series of periodically updated adaptive thresholds.System-level simulation verifies that under the coexistence scenario of NR-U the proposed mechanism can achieve higher UPT(User Perceived Throughput)and lower delay than other channel access mechanisms.     

基于捕获效应的传感器网络MAC层研究

基于Markov链理论提出了一种新的理论模型用于描述无线传感器网络MAC层回退机制,该模型重点考虑了密集分布的无线传感器节点中普遍存在的捕获效应,并给出了新模型下节点发送概率的解析解。在此基础上,进而提出了一种新的无线传感器网络吞吐率计算模型,通过仿真分析,基于该模型计算所得到的网络吞吐率理论值要大于没有考虑捕获效应的网络吞吐率理论值。因此提出的新模型能够更准确地描述捕获效应对无线传感器网络的影响。     

A survey of wireless technologies coexistence in WBAN: analysis and open research issues

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is the most convenient, cost-effective, accurate, and non-invasive technology for e-health monitoring. The performance of WBAN may be disturbed when coexisting with other wireless networks. Accordingly, this paper provides a comprehensive study and in-depth analysis of coexistence issues and interference mitigation solutions in WBAN technologies. A thorough survey of state-of-the art research in WBAN coexistence issues is conducted. The survey classified, discussed, and compared the studies according to the parameters used to analyze the coexistence problem. Solutions suggested by the studies are then classified according to the followed techniques and concomitant shortcomings are identified. Moreover, the coexistence problem in WBAN technologies is mathematically analyzed and formulas are derived for the probability of successful channel access for different wireless technologies with the coexistence of an interfering network. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted using OPNET with several real-life scenarios to evaluate the impact of coexistence interference on different WBAN technologies. In particular, three main WBAN wireless technologies are considered: IEEE 802.15.6, IEEE 802.15.4, and low-power WiFi. The mathematical analysis and the simulation results are discussed and the impact of interfering network on the different wireless technologies is compared and analyzed. The results show that an interfering network (e.g., standard WiFi) has an impact on the performance of WBAN and may disrupt its operation. In addition, using low-power WiFi for WBANs is investigated and proved to be a feasible option compared to other wireless technologies.     

Splitting protocols in presence of capture

The effect of capture on splitting-type protocols in a slotted ALOHA broadcasting network is investigated. At first, it is assumed that the nodes of the network are divided into two groups, and only packets sent by nodes of one of the groups might be captured. The situation in which the receiver can distinguish between success slots and capture slots and that in which it cannot are both considered. For each of these situations, splitting-type multiple access protocols are described and their performance in terms of achievable throughputs is evaluated. Extensions of these protocols to a general capture model are also discussed.     

Architecture and testbed implementation of vertical handovers based on SIP session border controllers

This paper describes a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based solution for mobility management that provides seamless mobile multimedia services in a heterogeneous scenario where different radio access technologies are used (802.11/ WiFi, Bluetooth, 2.5G/3G networks). The solution relies on the so called “Session Border Controllers” which are now widely used in many commercial SIP telephony solutions, mainly to deal with NAT traversal. Session Border Controller functionality has been extended to support seamless mobility for multimedia applications. A prototype of the proposed solution focused on VoIP services has been implemented in a test bed which is able to perform seamless handovers (and NAT traversal) using the 802.11, Bluetooth and 3G (UMTS) access networks. Measurements results are reported which analyze the performance of the solution in a real world environment, using commercial WiFi and 3G services.     

Performance Modeling of an Integrated Wireless Network Using WiMAX as Backhaul Support for WiFi Traffic

We propose an analytic model for an integrated wireless network using WiMAX as backhaul support for WiFi traffic and evaluate the system performance. A unique feature for the proposed model is that the WiFi traffic completely reflects the realistic user mobility. A WiFi call can be overflowed to its overlaid WiMAX cell when it is rejected at the WiFi cell; a WiFi call may also work for some period of time in the WiFi cell and then make a vertical handoff to its overlaid WiMAX cell when it wants to move from its current WiFi cell (e.g., office) to its target WiFi cell (e.g., airport). Further, the target WiFi cell may be located at another place in the same WiMAX cell, or at a different WiMAX cell. We use Markov processes to model the dynamics of the WiMAX traffic and WiFi traffic including the overflowed WiFi traffic, the vertical handoff WiFi traffic, the horizontal handoff WiFi traffic, and the take-back WiFi traffic. We derive the explicit expressions of various traffic arrival rates and performance metrics and analyze the performance improvement of the WiFi traffic and the impact on the WiMAX traffic due to backhaul support. Numerical results are provided for further understanding of the gain and loss of the integrated architecture.