超高压和热灭菌对芒果原浆品质影响的比较

对比分析了超高压(UHP)及热处理在达到商业杀菌要求的基础上对芒果原浆感官品质、营养成分及理化性质的影响。实验结果表明,随着压力值(300～500MPa)的上升菌落总数逐渐减少,超高压处理(450MPa,28℃,20min)及热处理(85℃,10min)条件下均可达到商业无菌;上述两种处理条件处理后芒果原浆pH、可溶性固形物含量与对照样差异不显著(P0.05);超高压处理样品的L*、b*值与对照样差异显著(P0.05),a*值与对照样差异不显著(P0.05),热处理样品的L*、a*、b*值与对照样相比差异均显著(P0.05),超高压处理样品更好地保持了原有色泽;超高压处理样品的还原型VC保留率达91.18%,远高于热处理;感官分析通过定量描述分析法对不同处理方式处理后的样品进行分析评定,结果表明,超高压处理样品在色、香、味等方面都接近对照样。因此,超高压技术不仅具有较好的杀菌效果,而且最大限度地保证了芒果原浆的品质。     

超高压和热灭菌对鲜榨火龙果汁品质影响的比较

分析超高压(UHP)处理和热处理对火龙果汁杀菌效果的影响,在达到商业无菌的基础上对两种处理对火龙果果汁品质的影响进行对比分析。试验结果表明,随着压力值(300～500)MPa和温度(75℃~90℃)的上升菌落总数逐渐减少,超高压处理(400MPa,26℃,10min)及热处理(85℃,5min)条件下均可达商业无菌;上述两种处理条件处理后火龙果原汁pH值、总酸、总糖、可溶性固形物含量与对照样差异不显著(P>0.05),但是超高压技术很好地保持了食品的色、香、味,感官品质与对照样非常接近:超高压处理能够更好得保持体系的均匀稳定性、原有色泽以及还原型VC。     

超高压和巴氏杀菌对百香果汁贮藏期品质的影响

本文研究了超高压杀菌(Ultra-High Pressure Sterilization,600 MPa/6 min)和巴氏杀菌(Pasteurization,80℃/30 s)对百香果果汁贮藏期菌落总数、理化指标、抗氧化活性、营养成分及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明:两种处理方式均使百香果汁达到商业无菌的状态,贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌和超高压杀菌菌落总数小于100 CFU/mL。巴氏杀菌使果汁总色差显著升高(P<0.05),且始终高于超高压处理,说明超高压杀菌对保持百香果汁色泽更有效。超高压处理对百香果汁可溶性糖、总酸、蛋白质含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。贮藏期结束后,巴氏杀菌果汁的总酚、维生素C、总黄酮含量显著低于(P<0.05)超高压杀菌处理。巴氏杀菌处理后果汁的挥发性化合物酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、烯烃类保留率低于超高压处理,且保留率与贮藏期呈负相关。综上,传统巴氏杀菌会降低百香果汁感官品质和营养品质,超高压杀菌对百香果汁品质的保持有显著优势。     

超高压牛乳杀菌工艺参数的优化研究

利用超高压对鲜牛乳进行杀菌实验,以菌落总数和大肠菌群数为评价指标,得到处理压力和处理时间对超高压处理牛乳的杀菌规律。以低压、低压处理时间、高压和高压处理时间为实验因素,进行正交实验,得出超高压杀菌牛乳的最佳杀菌工艺条件为:低压150MPa,处理时间5min,继续高压500MPa,处理时间为40min,经保温实验检验,处理后牛乳中的菌落总数和大肠菌群数完全可以达到商业灭菌要求。     

超高压加工生鲜牡蛎的研究

研究了超高压处理对牡蛎的杀菌效果及其对产品感官性质的影响。研究结果表明,当超高压达到500MPa后,牡蛎达到商业无菌。600MPa处理的牡蛎在4℃冷藏21d后,总菌落数小于6个对数,仍然符合生鲜牡蛎细菌总数的要求。超高压对牡蛎中不同蛋白酶具有不同的影响。超高压处理使牡蛎的硬度、弹性、咀嚼度、粘结性和恢复力均表现出不同程度的下降,而且超高压处理对牡蛎的色泽产生了一定影响。超高压处理可引起TBA值显著升高,表明超高压引起了牡蛎中脂肪的氧化。     

不同非热加工技术对百香果果浆杀菌效果及品质变化的比较

为评价不同非热杀菌方式对果蔬原料杀菌效果及品质的影响,该研究分别采用超高压技术（High Hydrostatic Pressure,HHP）、低温等离子体技术（Cold Plasma,CP）和辐照技术三种方式对百香果鲜榨果浆进行杀菌处理。结果表明,三种非热处理方式对果浆中的微生物（2.15 lg(CFU/g)、2.44 lg(CFU/g)、2.34 lg(CFU/g)）均有一定的抑制和杀灭作用,其中300 MPa及以上压力处理和3 kGy辐照量处理后果浆的菌落数均＜1 lg(CFU/g),这两种方式对百香果果浆均有较好的杀菌效果。为了进一步探究超高压处理对果浆贮藏期的影响,该研究还探讨了超高压处理前后的果浆在-20 ℃的条件下储存9个月内微生物含量的变化,实验得出,500 MPa和600 MPa处理的百香果果浆在-20 ℃下储存9个月后微生物含量仍＜2 lg(CFU/g),符合国家安全规定。在理化性质方面,超高压技术和低温等离子体技术能有效保持果浆的色泽（ΔE＜2）和风味（p＞0.05）,且能抑制果浆POD酶、PPO酶的活性,但辐照处理无法钝化PPO酶。综上所述,超高压技术能有效杀灭百香果果浆中的菌落,并能更好地保持果浆的品质,因此超高压技术在百香果果浆中具有较好的商业应用前景。     

超高压处理对杏汁杀菌效果和品质的影响

为研究超高压处理对杏汁品质的影响,在果胶酶酶解制备杏汁的基础上,比较热处理、灭酶后超高压处理(灭酶UHP)和超高压处理(UHP)以及不同压力和时间对杏汁菌落总数、稳定性、色泽、p H值和可溶性固形物的影响。结果表明,果胶酶的最佳酶解条件为加酶量0.05‰,酶解时间60 min,酶解温度30℃,此条件下杏出汁率为81.17%;热处理、灭酶UHP和UHP处理后,杏汁菌落总数分别20,37,95 CFU/m L,其中灭酶UHP能更好地保持杏汁品质;压力和时间均会影响杀菌效果,前者的作用显著,当压力达到500 MPa时微生物残存率最低,此时杏汁的沉淀率和色差虽高于其他压力处理的样品,然而仍显著低于传统热处理。超高压处理不仅具有较好的杀菌效果,而且相对于传统的热杀菌,能更好地保持杏汁的理化和感官品质。     

超高压处理对草莓汁品质酶和杀菌效果的影响

研究了超高压处理对草莓汁多酚氧化酶、果胶甲酯酶和杀菌效果的影响。结果表明:超高压处理对草莓汁具有良好的杀菌效果,微生物随着压力的增加而显著减小,300MPa,15min处理草莓汁,菌落总数和霉菌酵母菌均符合商业无菌条件;草莓汁中PPO和PME比较耐压,中低压条件下,PPO和PME酶活性被激活,随压力增加和时间延长而增大。而中高压处理后,酶活性显著减小(p0.05),600MPa 25min,PPO及PME残余酶活力分别降至74.6%和47.0%。     

蓝莓复合果泥超高压和热杀菌的比较分析

以蓝莓、草莓和苹果为原料,通过感官评价分析,研制出一款蓝莓复合果泥。利用超高压（UHP）和热杀菌（TS）处理果泥,分析处理前后和4 ℃贮藏40 d内其微生物、理化指标、色泽、花青素、香气和流变特性的变化。结果表明,两种处理后果泥菌落总数、大肠菌群和霉菌均未检出,贮藏40 d时仍符合食品标准限量。pH值在处理后和贮藏期内都显著降低（P<0.05）。可溶性固形物在UHP处理后无显著变化（P>0.05）,TS处理后显著增大（P<0.05）,贮藏结束时均为7.80 °Brix。TS处理后果泥花青素含量显著降低（P<0.05）,UHP组无显著变化（P>0.05）,贮藏期间,UHP组花色苷含量显著高于TS组。UHP和TS组果泥贮藏期间ΔE最大值分别为1.26和3.47,TS组果泥贮藏时出现明显颜色变化。电子鼻结果表明UHP比TS能更好地保留果泥的香气成分。流变仪结果表明UHP组果泥贮藏期间具有更好的稳定性。综上,UHP对蓝莓复合果泥的品质保存效果好,是一种适用于蓝莓复合果泥加工的杀菌方式。     

超高压灭菌法生产圣女果罐头的研究

将超高压技术应用于圣女果罐头杀菌,探讨了处理压力、时间和温度对微生物菌落总数以及霉菌酵母菌教的影响,利用正交实验对影响超高压灭菌的关键因子压力、温度、时间及相互作用进行了深入的探讨,并结合圣女果色值的变化.得出最佳灭菌工艺.结果表明:处理压力600MPa,处理温度20℃,处理时间为15min圣女果可达到商业无菌的要求,得到色味俱佳的产品.     

Effects of pre‐freezing,puree content and pasteurisation regime on colour stability of strawberry nectar made from puree

BACKGROUND: Heat treatment during processing of strawberry products has been proposed to negatively affect colour stability. Moreover, the role of enzymes with respect to colour stability is ambiguous when consulting the existing literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of various processing parameters (pre‐freezing, puree content, pasteurisation temperature and heating time) on the colour stability and anthocyanin monomer and L ‐ascorbic acid contents of strawberry nectars made from puree. In addition, the effect of different enzyme activities on colour stability during storage of strawberry nectars was investigated. RESULTS: Pre‐freezing of strawberries before processing had a significant positive effect on the colour stability of nectars made from puree. No significant effect on colour stability was found for higher puree contents. Increasing both the pasteurisation temperature and the heating time had a significant positive effect on colour stability. Results showed that colour degradation during storage was mainly due to residual enzyme activities. The shelf‐life of strawberry nectar could be extended about fivefold by adding an enzyme inhibitor. CONCLUSION: The colour stability of strawberry nectar made from fresh puree may be improved to some extent by an appropriate pasteurisation regime. Enzymes play an important role in colour degradation during storage of the nectar. Inactivation of these enzyme activities, however, could not be achieved even after a heat treatment at 90 °C for 60 min. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of Pressure-Assisted Thermal Processing, in Combination with Organic Acids, against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Spores Suspended in Deionized Water and Carrot Puree

ABSTRACT:  Effect of organic acids (acetic, citric, and lactic; 100 mM, pH 5) on spore inactivation by pressure-assisted thermal processing (PATP; 700 MPa and 105 °C), high pressure processing (HPP; 700 MPa, 35 °C), and thermal processing (TP; 105 °C, 0.1 MPa) was investigated.  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  spores were inoculated into sterile organic acid solutions to obtain a final concentration of approximately 1.3 × 10⁸ CFU/mL.  B. amyloliquefaciens  spores were inactivated to undetectable levels with or without organic acids after 3 min PATP holding time. At a shorter PATP treatment time (approximately 2 min), the inactivation was greater when spores were suspended in citric and acetic acids than in lactic acid or deionized water. Presence of organic acids during PATP resulted in 33% to 80% germination in the population of spores that survived the treatment. In contrast to PATP, neither HPP nor TP, for up to 5 min holding time with or without addition of organic acids, was sporicidal. In a separate set of experiments, carrot puree was tested, as a low-acid food matrix, to study spore recovery during extended storage following PATP. Results showed that organic acids were effective in inhibiting spore recovery in treated carrot puree during extended storage (up to 28 d) at 32 °C. In conclusion, addition of some organic acids provided significant lethality enhancement ( P  < 0.05) during PATP treatments and suppressed spore recovery in the treated carrot puree.     

静态超高压处理对抗菌复合蛋白薄膜的改性研究

本研究以乳清分离蛋白和酪蛋白酸钠为成膜基材,甘油为增塑剂,山梨酸钾为抗菌剂制备复合蛋白成膜溶液,在其流延成薄膜之前对成膜溶液分组并进行了静态超高压处理:压力分别为200、300、400 MPa,处理时间分别为5、10、20、30 min,未经超高压处理的为对照组。通过对13组薄膜样品的机械性能、光学性能、水溶性、微观结构、阻隔性能等参数的分析,结果表明,超高压处理的薄膜表面更光滑和均匀,有较少的孔洞。超高压处理对薄膜的机械性能、阻隔性能均有显著性(p<0.05)影响,超高压压力300 MPa,处理20 min后,薄膜抗拉强度达到最大值4.86 MPa;C₄组薄膜的水蒸气透过系数降低到1.177×10-9 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa;超高压压力200 MPa,处理10 min后氧气渗透系数降低到0.93×10-9 cm3·cm/cm2·s·cmHg。超高压处理对组B₁、C₁、D₄水溶性均有显著性(p<0.05)影响,能够使薄膜水溶性降低。不同超高压处理后的薄膜可适应不同包装食品的货架期要求。     

Effect of high pressure processing on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during iced storage

Scallops are the third largest aquaculture mollusks product, while they are highly perishable during storage. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on physicochemical and sensorial properties of scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) during refrigeration storage. The scallop adductor muscle was treated with different pressures (200, 300, 400 and 500 MPa, 5 min) and iced storage for 28 days. Results showed that HPP delayed microbial growth as pressure increased. HPP (≥400 MPa) resulted in myosin and actin denaturation, increased hardness, whiteness, pH and promoted water migration. However, preliminary sensory analysis showed no significant difference between pressure-treated and control adductor muscles in appearance, odour, texture and overall acceptability after cooking. In addition, pressure-treated adductor muscles (≥300 MPa) remained edible after 28 days of storage. Overall, these results can provide basic knowledge for the storage of pressure-treated scallop meat.     

Improved Aseptically Filled Sweet Potato Purees

A high quality sweet potato puree with better color stability than frozen purees was produced by flash sterilization followed by aseptic packaging. Starch conversion time was shortened by slicing the sweet potatoes and accurately controlling the temperature during conversion. Processing of inoculated purees for 13 sec at 138°C followed by aseptic filling was adequate for commercial stability. The effect of several processing variables on puree and sweet potato souffle quality was examined. Improved quality and storage stability of sweet potato purees were accomplished by flash sterilization at very high temperatures followed by aseptic packaging.     

EFFECT OF pH AND ASCORBIC ACID ON HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE-PROCESSED MANGO PUREE

Mango puree containing ascorbic acid (AA) (500 ppm) standardized at low pH (3.5) with phosphoric acid and inoculated or noninoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae was treated at high pressure (207, 345, 483 and 552 MPa) for selected times. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP)‐processed (552 MPa/5 min) standardized mango puree (SMP) was stored at 3C for 1 month and periodically analyzed for color, residual polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and microbial load. The remaining PPO activity average in SMP, after HHP processing at 207, 345, 483 and 552 MPa, at all times, was 35.8 ± 6, 21.5 ± 13.2, 46.8 ± 53.2 and 61.8 ± 5.8% PPO activity units, respectively. The D₂₀₇ values of 8.5 and 7.2 min for total count and yeasts were observed, respectively, after 207 MPa of pressure. A log reduction of 1.62 and 1.35 was observed after applying 345 MPa of pressure (2 s) for total count and yeasts, respectively. However, no microbial growth (<10 cfu/g) was observed after applying 483 or 552 MPa at any time. The addition of AA and the standardization at pH 3.5 reduced the rate of browning during storage.     

超高压处理对豆浆感官状态和流变特性的影响

超高压处理使豆浆中蛋白质颗粒和脂肪球的存在状态发生明显地变化,蛋白质颗粒变小,而脂肪球增大。豆浆在≤２００ＭＰａ的压力处理１５ｍｉｎ后,浊度略有上升;当压力＞２００ＭＰａ时,浊度又下降,但豆浆的沉降稳定性随处理压力的增大而提高,豆浆的粘度也开始有所增大,３００～４００ＭＰａ范围内粘度的增加最为明显。豆浆的热稳定性在不同压力处理后均有所提高。豆浆的浓度在１．５％～２．５％蛋白质（ｗ／ｖ）时,压力处理后豆浆沉降稳定性的提高更为明显,粘度的增加也最多。豆浆的贮藏模量Ｇ′在≤２００ＭＰａ压力处理后增加,而压力＞２００ＭＰａ时又下降;压力处理后的损耗模量Ｇ″有所增加,且在４００ＭＰａ处理后增加的较多;相对粘弹性ｔｇδ在０～３００ＭＰａ处理后有所下降,而在４００ＭＰａ后又增加。     

Beta-carotene isomerisation in mango puree as influenced by thermal processing and high-pressure homogenisation

The present study describes a case study on mango puree, in which focus is given to the effect of thermal processing (100–130 °C, 0–80 min) and high-pressure homogenisation (0–1300 bar) on the isomerisation of β-carotene. Both unit operations are of relevance for the production of mango puree. β-Carotene is an essential micronutrient which is present in a high amount in most mango cultivars, and it is important for human health due to its antioxidant and provitamin A capacity. It is known that these health-related properties of β-carotene are negatively affected by the conversion to cis-isomers. The results have shown that during high-pressure homogenisation of mango puree, β-carotene isomerisation was negligible. During thermal processing, on the other hand, an increase in β-carotene cis-isomer formation with increasing treatment intensity could be observed, although high temperatures and/or long treatment times were required to observe clear additional isomer formation. From a kinetic point of view, a fractional conversion model could be used to model the all-trans-β-carotene isomerisation in mango puree in the temperature and time range studied. In general, it can be concluded that a high percentage of β-carotene is present as cis-isomers in raw mango puree. Furthermore, only intense thermal processing of mango puree leads to the formation of additional cis-isomers in relevant amounts.     

Comparison of high pressure treatment and thermal pasteurization effects on the quality and shelf life of guava puree

The effects of high pressures and thermal pasteurization on the survival of microorganisms, enzyme inactivation and quality changes of guava puree during storage at 4°C were investigated and compared with untreated samples. After treatment at a pressure of 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min, the microorganisms in guava puree were inactivated to less than 10 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product exhibited no change in colour, pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid content as compared with fresh samples. The inactivation of enzymes in guava puree by thermal pasteurization was greater than by high pressures. The microbial count in guava puree reduced to 200 cfu mL⁻¹ and the product showed marked changes in viscosity, turbidity and colour when heated at 88–90°C for 24s. The content of pectin, cloud and ascorbic acid as well as colour in untreated and high pressurized (400MPa) guava puree gradually decreased, whereas these changes were not observed in pasteurized (88–90°C) and high pressurized (6000MPa) puree during storage at 4°C for 60 days. The guava puree treated at 600MPa and 25°C for 15 min retained good quality similar to the freshly extracted puree after storage at 4°C for 40 days.