康普茶直投式发酵剂的制备及其发酵性能的研究

目的 制备菌种成分明确的康普茶直投式发酵剂,并对直投式发酵剂的发酵性能进行探究,解析直投式发酵剂应用于康普茶生产的理论基础。方法 通过测定菌株存活率筛选适用于发酵康普茶的巴氏醋杆菌、木醋杆菌、拜耳结合酵母的冻干保护剂,再将冻干后的菌粉接种至红茶中发酵,以前期开发的康普茶混菌发酵剂为对照,通过测定康普茶发酵过程中糖类、乙醇、有机酸和感官等指标考察直投式发酵剂的发酵性能。结果 巴氏醋杆菌、木醋杆菌、拜耳结合酵母的最优冻干保护剂分别为30 g/100 mL的菊粉、20 g/100 mL的海藻糖、30 g/100 mL的海藻糖,存活率分别为92.41±1.33%、57.61±2.29%、52.95±1.67%。在康普茶发酵过程中,直投式发酵剂与未冻干的混菌发酵剂发酵的康普茶在主要成分、电子舌评测及感官评定等各个方面均呈现相似的变化趋势。直投式发酵剂发酵后的康普茶中以酸味柔和兼具健康功效的葡萄糖酸和葡萄糖醛酸为主,醋酸仅在第二天检测到;在发酵终点康普茶的乙醇含量符合饮料的标准（< 0.5% m/V）。结论 直投式发酵剂与实验室前期获得的混菌发酵剂发酵的康普茶品质相当,可以为康普茶直投式发酵剂的制备提供理论和技术支持。     

研究人员正在揭开康普茶发酵的奥秘

正俄勒冈州立大学的科学家们正在逐渐揭示康普茶发酵的关键微生物,这项研究有利于康普茶产业的快速增长。一份行业报告显示,康普茶是一种发酵茶饮料,近年来受到消费者的广泛喜爱,全球市场规模预计将从2019年的13亿美元增长到2027年的81亿美元。康普茶是用细菌和酵母共生培养获得发酵茶,同时添加调味料来提高味道。而我们对发酵茶中哪些微生物有助于发酵知之甚少,这对康普茶行业的发展带来挑战。     

谷物发酵产品的营养功能提升与益生功能研究进展

发酵是提高原料营养价值、感官品质及功能特性最为经济安全的方法之一,也是谷物加工的重要方法。文章综述了国内外谷物发酵产品及相关生物转化研究的最新进展,主要集中探讨其营养价值提升和益生功能,包括发酵对谷物蛋白质和淀粉消化率的影响、如何消除抗营养素及提升酚类化合物和维生素等营养成分,以及发酵谷物作为益生元功能物质调节肠道菌群的巨大潜力,对人体心血管、胃肠道等产生的积极作用。最后,对谷物发酵产品的活性功能评价和未来市场开发进行了总结和展望。     

红茶菌饮料工艺优化及发酵前后香气成分分析

利用单因素实验,探究康普茶饮料最佳生产工艺,并运用顶空固相微萃取(head space solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对发酵茶的挥发性成分进行检测、分析。结果表明:康普茶饮料共检出化合物41种,主要为醇类、萜烯类和含氮化合物,其中醇类物质是微生物在氨基酸代谢中产生的,而酯类物质具有水果香和花香。当祁门红茶与大吉岭红茶按质量分数1∶1复配,浸提时间30min、浸提温度80℃、发酵温度25℃及接种量100DCU/T时,康普茶饮料风味最佳。     

发酵香肠研究进展及展望

发酵香肠分布广、产量大,是发酵肉制品的典型代表,且因其独特的风味深受人们喜爱。近些年来,安全、感官及健康品质的提升已成为发酵香肠研究的核心内容,而发酵剂、工艺改进以及低脂低盐化等是其品质提升的重要举措。本文主要就发酵香肠在功能性发酵剂、复配发酵剂、酶、新工艺技术、低脂低盐化策略等方面的研究进行概述,并对其未来研究进行展望,以期为发酵香肠研究提供一定的参考。     

冬虫夏草菌株发酵对非主料区烟叶感官品质和化学成分的影响

[目的]为提升非主料区宜宾烟叶品质和可用性,采用冬虫夏草菌株发酵烟叶并研究发酵对烟叶感官品质和化学成分的影响.[方法]对发酵过程样品进行感官质量评价并测定了常规化学物质和挥发性成分,采用偏最小二乘法和主成分分析法研究了发酵对烟叶感官品质和化学成分的影响.[结果]经过冬虫夏草菌株发酵后的宜宾烟叶,感官质量明显提升,发酵第...     

接种植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌发酵对鱼鲊品质的影响

以白鲢为主要原料制作鱼鲊,研究自然发酵及接种植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌发酵对鱼鲊化学指标和感官品质的影响,以确定鱼鲊合理的接种发酵条件。结果表明,发酵可促进鱼肉中蛋白质的水解,提高鱼鲊中水溶蛋白含量、水溶性固形物含量和总酸含量,降低pH,产生较多的游离氨基酸,改善鱼鲊的感官品质。接种发酵可改善鱼鲊游离氨基酸的组成,提高鱼鲊的感官品质,接种复合乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌:戊糖片球菌=10:1,106CFU/g)发酵60h的鱼鲊的感官品质最高。     

红茶发酵影响因素及品质调控技术研究进展

红茶是我国主要的消费茶类之一,其加工步骤为萎凋、揉捻、发酵和干燥,其中发酵是红茶品质特征形成的关键环节。关于红茶发酵过程中影响因素及品质调控技术,已有文献表明,多酚类物质含量及组成比例、酶种类及其活性、温度、湿度、pH,以及发酵过程中微生物等内部及环境因素均会影响红茶品质特征化合物的形成,从而影响其品质。目前常用的品质调控技术主要包括新发酵技术、冷冻萎凋技术、外源酶技术以及光质。未来研究重点将是优化红茶适制品种培育、环境因子间的交互作用机制、微生物对红茶发酵品质的影响机制和加工设备智能化等方面,因此本文通过对红茶发酵影响因素及品质调控技术的研究进展进行综述,以期为提升红茶的滋味品质和推进红茶新研究进展提供借鉴与参考。     

糯米化学成分对米酒发酵及其品质影响的研究

以3种不同品种和产地的糯米为原料,研究了其化学构成及发酵过程中米酒的主要理化指标变化规律及品质,分析了糯米的主要化学成分与米酒品质的相关性。结果显示,发酵过程中3种糯米发酵醪的还原糖和可溶性固形物含量均逐渐降低,总酸和酒精度均呈上升趋势。糯米的支链淀粉与直链淀粉的比值及脂肪含量对米酒品质存在显著影响。糯米的支链淀粉与直链淀粉的比值越大,即支链淀粉含量越高,米酒的醇厚感越浓,米酒的感官品质越好;脂肪含量越高,米酒的感官品质越差。酿造优质米酒时应选用支链淀粉含量高、脂肪含量低的糯米为原料。     

康普茶饮料不断升级

<正>在过去的几年里,康普茶已经成为欧美市场的主流产品,零售商通常会储备多个品牌。康普茶是由细菌和酵母(SCOBY)共生培养而成的发酵茶,通常用蔗糖发酵,发酵过程大约需要2周。成品味道浓烈,微微碳化,富含有益细菌和益生菌,有助于消化和免疫功能。     

Microbiological and technological parameters impacting the chemical composition and sensory quality of kombucha

Kombucha is a beverage made from sugared tea transformed by yeasts and acetic acid bacteria. Being originally homemade, it has become an industrially produced soft drink whose quality standards are poorly defined and whose production process is still not fully controlled. Based on current knowledge in beverages, links between kombucha's chemical composition and sensorial compounds are drawn. Macromolecules create turbidity, whereas uncharacterized tea pigments derivatives participate in the color. Residual sugars bring sweetness and organic acids produced by acetic acid bacteria form its characteristic sour taste. Acetic acid is also part of its aroma profile, although little data are available on the smell of kombucha. Carbon dioxide, potentially polyphenols, and residual ethanol are involved in the mouthfeel. In this review, after defining the key compounds that shape the characteristic sensory properties of kombucha, the impact of different production parameters is discussed. Water composition is determinant in the extraction of tea compounds along with the tea type and infusion duration and temperature. The type and amount of sweeteners play a role in the sweetness and influences the production kinetics. Similarly, the amount of inoculum and its microbial composition have an effect on the production, but the role of the vessels' geometry and temperature are also essential parameters that can be used to adjust the acidification phase's duration. Despite the amount of research carried out, further investigations of kombucha's sensory characteristics are needed. Such research could lead to a better definition of kombucha's quality and to an improved control over its production process.     

4种特色红茶菌发酵液感官品质、理化特性及菌群结构比较研究

目的 揭示不同红茶菌发酵液品质差异的内在原因。方法 以4种特色的红茶菌发酵液为研究对象(标记为A、B、C、D), 比较分析其在感官品质、理化特性和群落结构的差异。结果 4种红茶菌发酵液的香味、滋味差异较大, 色泽差异较小, 其中B在发酵第2 d具有独特发酵风味与茶香, 色泽橙黄, 口感清爽, 综合评分最高, 为74.2分; 4种红茶菌发酵液的菌体浓度、pH、总糖、乙酸、D-葡萄糖二酸-1,4-内酯(D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone, DSL)及葡萄糖酸变化趋势相似, 但含量差异较大; 宏基因组测序及相关性分析表明, 4种红茶菌的优势真菌为Starmerella(暂无中文名称)和酒香酵母属(Brettanomyces), 优势细菌为驹形杆菌属(Komagataeibacter)和葡糖杆菌属(Gluconobacter), 其中Starmerella相比Brettanomyces更有利于乙酸生成, Gluconobacter相比Komagataeibacter利用碳源更高效。结论 4种红茶菌的菌群结构不同, 影响其对碳源的利用率和有机酸的形成,进而导致其发酵液感官品质上的差异。     

国内外红茶菌研究进展

红茶菌是用含糖茶水通过接种醋酸菌和酵母,进行发酵生产的一种广受欢迎的健康饮料。近年来,国内外对红茶菌的研究主要集中在其制作工艺优化方面,小部分研究着重在红茶菌发酵动力学模型、抗氧化与抑菌活性的分子作用机理等方面,同时,国外还对红茶菌中的功能因子——葡萄糖二酸-1,4-内酯(D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone,DSL)对肝脏等器官的保护作用进行了研究;并且对红茶菌的一种副产物——细菌纤维也进行了深入研究,特别是在细菌纤维的纳米化等方面。本文主要从红茶菌的菌种组成、相关工艺进展和益生功效方面进行阐述,对比国内外红茶菌的研究进展,同时提出一些个人的见解。     

Tea,Kombucha, and health: a review

Kombucha is a refreshing beverage obtained by the fermentation of sugared tea with a symbiotic culture of acetic bacteria and fungi, consumed for its beneficial effects on human health. Research conducted in Russia at the beginning of the century and testimony indicate that Kombucha can improve resistance against cancer, prevent cardiovascular diseases, promote digestive functions, stimulate the immune system, reduce inflammatory problems, and can have many other benefits. In this paper, we report on studies that shed more light on the properties of some constituents of Kombucha. The intensive research about the effects of tea on health provide a good starting point and are summarized to get a better understanding of the complex mechanisms that could be implicated in the physiological activity of both beverages.     

红茶菌研究进展

红茶菌作为一种传统的民间发酵饮料,因其具有的特殊风味和功效而深受消费者喜爱.红茶菌发酵过程中微生物群落组成、演替和功能代谢对红茶菌生物活性和品质有着重要的影响.本文对近年来红茶菌微生物组成、代谢产物和化学物质组成,以及红茶菌发酵主要影响因素的研究概况进行了综述,以期为研究红茶菌微生物代谢途径、生物活性和发酵工艺的相互关...     

Kombucha, the fermented tea: microbiology, composition, and claimed health effects

Kombucha is a slightly sweet, slightly acidic tea beverage consumed worldwide, but historically in China, Russia, and Germany. Kombucha is prepared by fermenting sweetened black tea preparations with a symbiotic culture of yeasts and bacteria. Potential health effects have created an increased interest in Kombucha. Yet, only a few research studies have shown that Kombucha has in vitro antimicrobial activity and enhances sleep and pain thresholds in rats. Furthermore, Kombucha consumption has proven to be harmful in several documented instances.     

红茶菌微生物群落多样性及其分析方法的研究进展

红茶菌(Kombucha)是通过多种醋酸菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌组成的"共生菌落(symbiotic consortium)"发酵茶糖水而成的一种富含益生生物及活性成分的功能性饮料。大量研究表明红茶菌对多种疾病都具有潜在的治疗效果,因而其销售量在全球市场近年来呈指数增长。但是,在我国红茶菌仍停留在家庭自产自销的阶段,市场上鲜有相关产品。近年来,国内外对红茶菌中微生物的研究逐步由依赖培养基的单个菌株独立研究,发展到以分子生物学手段对微生物群落进行非培养依赖的整体分析。本文将对红茶菌中微生物及其多样性的研究方法进行总结与分析,以期对我国红茶菌的基础科学研究和产业化开发提供理论依据和方法参考。     

红茶菌发酵条件的控制研究

将分离筛选得到的乳酸菌、醋酸菌和酵母菌进行配比得到红茶菌复合菌种,分别讨论培养基pH值、溶氧量、温度和时间对培养结果的影响。结果表明：乳酸菌、醋酸菌、酵母菌按质量配比2:2:1,即总接种量5%、最适初始pH值为5.5、装液量为40%(即装液量100mL/250mL),在30℃、传统培养基培养5d的条件下,发酵效果最好。     

Yeast ecology of Kombucha fermentation

Kombucha is a traditional fermentation of sweetened tea, involving a symbiosis of yeast species and acetic acid bacteria. Despite reports of different yeast species being associated with the fermentation, little is known of the quantitative ecology of yeasts in Kombucha. Using oxytetracycline-supplemented malt extract agar, yeasts were isolated from four commercially available Kombucha products and identified using conventional biochemical and physiological tests. During the fermentation of each of the four products, yeasts were enumerated from both the cellulosic pellicle and liquor of the Kombucha. The number and diversity of species varied between products, but included Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Candida stellata, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. While these yeast species are known to occur in Kombucha, the enumeration of each species present throughout fermentation of each of the four Kombucha cultures demonstrated for the first time the dynamic nature of the yeast ecology. Kombucha fermentation is, in general, initiated by osmotolerant species, succeeded and ultimately dominated by acid-tolerant species.