燕麦中减肥降脂的功能成分研究进展

近年来,肥胖症作为一种慢性疾病对人们的身心健康的威胁越来越大。饮食干预对肥胖症的治疗越来越受到肥胖症患者的重视。燕麦是世界八大作物之一,营养价值高并具有保健功效。研究发现,日常饮食摄入燕麦产品可以有效预防肥胖症及其并发症的发生。本文主要从β-葡聚糖、蛋白质、油脂和生物碱、抗性淀粉等几方面的减肥降脂功效展开论述。燕麦膳食纤维中的β-葡聚糖的主要通过增强饱腹感、减少消化酶的分泌以及降低消化酶对食物的可及性等手段而达到减肥作用,目前对其作用机制还有待深入研究。燕麦中的蛋白质、油脂和生物碱主要是通过改善脂代谢以达到降脂作用,但目前对这3种成分的作用机制尚未研究清楚。关于抗性淀粉的减肥降脂作用已经得到证实,燕麦也富含抗性淀粉,但目前还未见燕麦中抗性淀粉减肥降脂的研究报道,因而以后研究人员可以从这方面入手,对其进行深入研究。     

燕麦研究进展

燕麦,一般分为带稃型皮燕麦和裸粒型裸燕麦两大类,燕麦营养成分包括蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、膳食纤维、抗氧化物、维生素和矿物质等,现代营养学和医学研究表明,燕麦含有多种活性营养成分,具有降血脂、降血糖、减肥和美容等多种功能。目前有关燕麦研究主要集中在燕麦β-葡聚糖、蛋白、油脂等方面;该文主要讲述燕麦主要成分及其一些应用。     

燕麦膳食纤维的开发及应用研究

本文论述了燕麦膳食纤维的特点,膳食纤维产品的国内外现状,重点论述了燕麦膳食纤维素在食品工业中的应用。     

燕麦麸的保健功能

燕麦麸是燕麦加工过程中的副产品,含有丰富的膳食纤维,β-葡聚糖是其中最主要的一种功能因子。燕麦麸具有降胆固醇、抗氧化、减肥、预防结肠癌等生理功能,已经越来越引起人们的重视。     

香蕉减肥代餐棒的加工工艺

以香蕉粉为主要原料,辅加薏仁粉、燕麦粉、山药粉、木糖醇、低聚异麦芽糖等配料,制备富含抗性淀粉、可溶性膳食纤维、低聚糖等益生元的香蕉减肥代餐棒。通过单因素试验和正交试验对产品的糖浆熬煮工艺、配方配比和烘焙工艺进行优化。结果表明:香蕉粉中融入100℃、熬煮14min后的糖浆,再配以香蕉粉用量8%山药粉、8%燕麦粉、12%薏仁粉以及30%芒果干后,造型后在85℃、25min的烘焙条件下所得的产品色泽均匀,口感酥实,香味清新,感官评分高。     

燕麦膳食纤维食品基料加工技术及应用研究

燕麦膳食纤维是一种新型高级食用纤维，富集于燕麦制粉加工产生的麸糠之中，其中以β-葡聚糖为主要成分的可溶性膳食纤维占总膳食纤维的1／3左右，是提供β-葡聚糖来源的优质原料，但由于结构特殊不能直接被人体消化利用。本项研究运用改性处理技术，加工燕麦膳食纤维食品基料，可开发多种功能性保健食品。本文简述了燕麦膳食纤维食品基料加工工艺和产品特性，通过实验研究对产品应用效果、作用机理进行了分析探讨，证明产品中活性成分含量显著提高，具有调节血脂、血糖、改善肠道环境润肠通便、预防心脑血管疾病等多种现代文明病的作用。     

最佳主食 牛奶+燕麦

正大家都吃过燕麦,都知道燕麦对人体的好处是挺多的。燕麦富有丰富的膳食纤维和蛋白质,一种谷物类食物,吃了它有很强的饱腹感,减肥人群常常把它作为主食。牛奶大家也不陌生,富含丰富的蛋白质和钙,营养丰富,有助于睡眠。但是大家有尝试过,燕麦搭配牛     

燕麦β-葡聚糖的功效研究进展

燕麦β-葡聚糖是主要存在于燕麦胚乳和糊粉层细胞壁中的非淀粉多糖,同时也是一种可溶性膳食纤维,是燕麦中的重要活性成分。本文对燕麦β-葡聚糖在减肥、调节血糖和血脂水平、改善心血管疾病、抗肿瘤以及调节免疫功能方面发挥作用的路径及分子机制进行综述,以期为疾病的预防与治疗提供参考,为功能食品的开发和应用提供理论支持。     

不同来源膳食纤维的特性和功能

<正>目前国内尚无专门的膳食纤维产品,本文拟结合国外情况介绍一些膳食纤维的来源及其功能.一、燕麦纤维燕麦是世界上公认的营养价值较高的粮食作物,它所含的蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素均高于大米、小麦粉和玉米等谷物或其加工产品.     

燕麦发芽过程中营养物质的变化研究

本文以燕麦为原料,以β-葡聚糖、总多酚、蛋白质体外消化率(IVPD)、不溶及可溶膳食纤维含量为评价指标,探讨燕麦在发芽过程中淀粉、β-葡聚糖、总多酚及膳食纤维等营养物质的变化规律。结果表明从浸麦到发芽5d过程的不同状态中,随着时间的延长,燕麦蛋白质体外消化率、总多酚含量、可溶性膳食纤维都大幅度增加,而β-葡聚糖的含量和不溶性膳食纤维含量明显降低。当发芽时间达到5d时,总多酚含量增加30.46%,IVPD值增加138.6%,可溶性膳食纤维增加59.74%,而β-葡聚糖含量下降近80.38%,不溶性膳食纤维减少19.56%。说明燕麦从浸麦到发芽过程中,在一定程度上提高了燕麦的营养价值,但同时降低了β-葡聚糖和不溶性膳食纤维等相关功能特性,为燕麦的后续加工提供一定的基础。     

谷物中γ氨基丁酸(GABA)富集工艺的研究进展

此研究旨在制备斯皮诺素磷脂复合物(SPI-PLC)并对其进行表征,为开发一种新型的药食同源的天然镇静催眠药物剂型及工业化生产辅以理论基础。采用溶剂挥发法制备SPI-PLC,以斯皮诺素与磷脂的复合率(CR)为质量评价指标,应用单因素实验和Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化制备工艺;应用紫外光谱(UV)和红外光谱(IR)分析表征目标复合物是否形成,并考察其表观油水分配系数、粒径及分散程度。结果表明,制备SPI-PLC的最佳工艺条件为丙酮作反应溶剂,药脂比为1:16.42,搅拌速度、反应温度和反应时间分别为836 r/min、40℃和3.27 h,复合率可达90.75%±0.64%,UV和IR分析表明斯皮诺素与磷脂并非是简单的物理混合,而是形成了磷脂复合物;在水中复合物粒径为(542.1±12.5) nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.167±0.024;SPI-PLC的表观油水分配系数增大,具有一定的增溶作用。本研究成功制备了SPI-PLC,工艺简单可行,为斯皮诺素的制剂学研究及后期如何提高生物利用度提供了参考。     

Sorption of copper,zinc and cobalt by oat and oat products

We determined copper, zinc and cobalt sorption by oat and its products under variable pH conditions as well as the content of neutral dietary fiber (NDF) and its fractional composition. Adsorbents in a model sorption system were: oat, dehulled oat, oats bran and oats flakes. Three various buffers (pH 1.8, 6.6 and 8.7) were used as dispersing solutions. Results collected during this study indicate that copper, zinc and cobalt sorption is significantly affected by the type of cereal raw material. Zinc and copper ions are subjected to higher sorption than cobalt ions. Examined metal ions were subjected to high sorption under conditions corresponding to the duodenum environment (pH 8.7( regardless of the kind of adsorbent. A little lower sorption capacity is observed under conditions close to the neutral environment, while the lowest one is found in environment reflecting conditions of stomach juice (pH 1.8). Zinc ions are bound intensively by dehulled oat, while oats flakes bound mostly copper and cobalt, independently on environmental conditions. Contents of dietary fiber in oat, dehulled oat, oat bran and oat flakes were: 40.1, 19.3, 20.3 and 14.3%, respectively. The dominating fraction in all oat products was the fraction of hemicelluloses. The content of remaining fractions varies in dependence on the product.     

Sorption of copper,zinc and cobalt by oat and oat products

We determined copper, zinc and cobalt sorption by oat and its products under variable pH conditions as well as the content of neutral dietary fiber (NDF) and its fractional composition. Adsorbents in a model sorption system were: oat, dehulled oat, oats bran and oats flakes. Three various buffers (pH 1.8, 6.6 and 8.7) were used as dispersing solutions. Results collected during this study indicate that copper, zinc and cobalt sorption is significantly affected by the type of cereal raw material. Zinc and copper ions are subjected to higher sorption than cobalt ions. Examined metal ions were subjected to high sorption under conditions corresponding to the duodenum environment (pH 8.7), regardless of the kind of adsorbent. A little lower sorption capacity is observed under conditions close to the neutral environment, while the lowest one is found in environment reflecting conditions of stomach juice (pH 1.8). Zinc ions are bound intensively by dehulled oat, while oats flakes bound mostly copper and cobalt, independently on environmental conditions. Contents of dietary fiber in oat, dehulled oat, oat bran and oat flakes were: 40.1, 19.3, 20.3 and 14.3%, respectively. The dominating fraction in all oat products was the fraction of hemicelluloses. The content of remaining fractions varies in dependence on the product.     

Malted and unmalted oats in brewing

Using oats as a raw material in brewing has recently become the focus of increased interest. This is due to research findings that have shown that oats can be consumed safely by coeliac sufferers. It is also a response to consumer demand for products with novel sensory properties. In this study, beer was produced entirely from oat malt, from barley malt and from oat and barley malts mixed with various quantities of unmalted oats. Compared with barley wort, wort made from malted oats provided a lower extract content and had a higher protein content, but a lower free amino nitrogen content (FAN). The oat wort also showed increased viscosity and haze. The addition of unmalted oats during wort production produced significant changes in the physico‐chemical parameters of both oat and barley worts and beers. Unmalted oats caused an increase in wort viscosity and haze, and a reduction in total soluble nitrogen and FAN. Unmalted oats also contributed to lowering the concentration of higher alcohols and esters. Beer made from 100% oat and barley malts exhibited a similar alcohol content. The use of an oat adjunct in both cases resulted in a lower ethanol content. The introduction of enzyme preparations during the production of wort with oat adjunct had many benefits: increased extract content and FAN; a higher volume of wort; and a lower viscosity that led to faster wort filtration. This research suggests that the use of enzymes is necessary to make production using a high proportion of oats in the grist profitable. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Flavor chemistry

Abstract

Traditionally, the largest use of oats has been for animal feed. The beneficial nutritional and physiological effects of oat products has generated an increased demand for oats in human nutrition (e.g., reduction of serum cholesterol level by beta‐glucans and other dietary fiber components, high tocopherol and natural antioxidant level). The growing interest in the use of oats and its components for food purposes, together with the advantageous effects of some oat constituents in nutrition, resulted in an increased interest in the study of chemical composition of oats. Our knowledge concerning the oat constituents, particularly biologically active minor components, has rapidly increased. A summary of these results is given in this review.     

莜麦的营养成分和保健功能

讨论了莜麦的营养成分和保健功能。莜麦的营养价值高,蛋白质的含量居谷类粮食之首,所含氨基酸种类全,而且比较平衡。莜麦的脂肪含量也很高,其中,亚油酸的含量占到脂肪含量的38.1%～52.0%。莜麦中的膳食纤维、Ca、P、Fe、VB2的含量也较丰富。     

鹰嘴豆中具有降血糖效果的功能成分分析

鹰嘴豆不仅营养成分丰富,而且具有多种药用价值。本文综述了鹰嘴豆中多不饱和脂肪酸、抗性淀粉、生物类黄酮及膳食纤维在调节糖尿病患者血糖方面所发挥出的功能价值,期望鹰嘴豆及其制品在糖尿病及其并发症的控制方面起到积极的作用。     

Effects of processing methods (rolling vs. pelleting vs. steam-flaking) of cool-season adapted oats on dairy cattle production performance and metabolic characteristics compared with barley

Several processing techniques can be used to slow the degradation rate in the rumen and thus provide more bypass crude protein (CP) and starch to the small intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of processing methods on cool-season adapted oat grain compared with dry-rolled barley grain, when fed as total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows. Eight lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods and fed TMR with 1 of 4 treatments: dry-rolled oats, steam-flaked oats, pelleted oats, or dry-rolled barley. Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 28.19 to 31.61 kg/d and was lower for rolled oats compared with pelleted oats. Despite the nutrient intake being higher for cows fed pelleted oats, those fed rolled oats had the highest milk production and milk fat percentage (49.23 kg/d and 4%, respectively). Ruminal fermentation characteristics were similar across treatments, with only significant differences in concentrations of acetate (lowest for pelleted oats) and total short-chain fatty acids (highest value for rolled barley) and a lower pH for flaked oats at the 9-h and 12-h points. Dietary treatments did not affect total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or CP; digestibility of starch was the lowest for rolled barley (89.04%). Measured blood metabolites, urea, glucose, and β-hydroxybutyrate, were not affected by dietary treatment. Purine derivatives and microbial N supply were also unaffected by dietary treatments. Cows fed flaked oat–based TMR showed the lowest N excretion in milk; however, the lack of difference between diets with regard to urinary N and fecal N excretion resulted in no significant changes in N balance between diets. Therefore, rolled oats allow cows to have higher milk production with lower DMI compared with all other treatments in this study.     

Proteins in oats; their synthesis and changes during germination: a review

Oats (Avena sativa L.) are distinct among cereals due to their considerably higher protein concentration. At the same time oats possess a protein quality of high nutritional value and a special protein composition. Most cereals like wheat, barley, and rye have a high percentage of prolamins, the alcohol-soluble fraction, which usually contains most of the storage proteins, but oats are an exception. Their major storage proteins belong to the salt-water soluble globulin fraction, whereas oats prolamins are a minor component. During oats groat development, most obvious is the fairly linear increase in the globulin fraction. Oats globulins share structural features with the 11 S globulins of legumes and other dicots. Amino acid composition of oats is superior to that of other cereals due to the higher amount of limiting amino acids like lysine and threonine. During germination, total amino acid analysis revealed an increase in essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan, which leads to an increased nutritional value of germinated oats. Oats protein products including globulin have been chemically modified by various methods to improve their functional properties.