酚类环境雌激素的分析检测方法研究进展

酚类环境雌激素是最为常见的环境雌激素之一,其对人类、环境和生态的影响受到世界范围的关注。系统介绍了近5年酚类环境雌激素的各种分析方法,包括气相色谱法、气质联用法、高效液相色谱法、液质联用法、免疫分析法、化学发光检测法、电化学检测法、毛细管电泳法、毛细管电色谱法以及各种光谱分析法,并对酚类环境雌激素的分析方法进行了总结和展望。     

雌激素类污染物的微生物降解研究进展

由于雌激素类污染物排放到环境中,对淡水生物、生态系统的可持续和人类的健康造成不利影响,因此人们对此有了越来越多的关注。微生物降解是去除环境雌激素的主要途径。通过归纳已报道的雌激素降解细菌的各类文献、并总结其在环境中污染现状、作用机制危害以及环境行为,概括阐述了雌激素的微生物降解作用。     

膜生物反应器对环境雌激素去除研究现状及进展

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)对环境雌激素的去除效果,探讨了雌激素在MBR中的归趋及其影响因素,分析了其存在的问题.认为今后应详细研究结合雌激素在MBR中的归趋,建立能全面评估环境雌激素在MBR中迁移转化和去除效果的模型,以及深入研究污泥中雌激素的迁移转化.     

海洋环境中新型雌激素污染特征研究进展

环境雌激素作为一类新型有机污染物进入机体后,可通过模拟、增强或拮抗激素作用扰乱激素平衡,干扰机体正常内分泌系统功能,对人类和野生动物及其后代产生潜在威胁。雌激素类物质由工业生产及人类活动释放进入环境后,通过河流、湖泊的传输以及大气沉降等方式最终进入海洋环境,其对海洋生态环境以及最终对人类造成的潜在威胁都不容小觑。对环境雌激素的发现历史和主要类型,以及近年来海洋环境中雌激素类污染物的主要检测方法、分布特点及其在不同环境介质中的转化规律进行了综述,并着重对已报道的酚类化合物(双酚A和壬基酚)和有机磷阻燃剂这两类新型雌激素污染物在海洋环境中的分布特征进行了详细梳理。随着国际上对海洋环境中雌激素污染物研究的逐渐增多,相对而言我国开展的相关研究还十分不足,无论在区域研究范畴范围还是赋存介质的类型都相对有限。因此,系统地分析海洋环境中雌激素污染物的来源、分布、迁移转化特征,对于今后制定海洋环境雌激素类污染物的防控对策、保护海洋生物资源以及保持海洋生态环境可持续健康发展都具有重要的意义。     

酚类环境雌激素的样品前处理技术研究进展

酚类环境雌激素是最为常见的环境雌激素之一,其对人类、环境和生态的影响受到世界范围的关注。介绍了酚类环境雌激素的种类和毒性,详细讨论了各种样品前处理技术,包括溶剂萃取、索氏提取、固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、微波辅助萃取、加速溶剂萃取、膜萃取、固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、分子印迹聚合物萃取、超声辅助萃取、离子液体萃取、浊点萃取、超临界流体萃取等,并对酚类环境雌激素的样品前处理技术进行了总结和展望。     

Research Progress of Sample Pretreatment of Phenolic Environmental Estrogens

酚类环境雌激素是最为常见的环境雌激素之一,其对人类、环境和生态的影响受到世界范围的关注.介绍了酚类环境雌激素的种类和毒性,详细讨论了各种样品前处理技术,包括溶剂萃取、索氏提取、固相萃取、基质固相分散萃取、微波辅助萃取、加速溶剂萃取、膜萃取、固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、分子印迹聚合物萃取、超声辅助萃取、离子液体萃取、浊点萃取、超临界流体萃取等,并对酚类环境雌激素的样品前处理技术进行了总结和展望.     

环境中类固醇雌激素的转化机制研究进展

环境中的类固醇雌激素对生态环境具有潜在危害,并逐渐威胁到人类健康。文章结合近期国内外研究成果,对类固醇雌激素的种类及转化机制进行了综述,并对此相关领域进行了展望。     

《瓦当》壶的创作艺术性

<正>紫砂壶经过几千年传承,集思想文化、书法、神话、建筑等为一体,成为中国独特的艺术瑰宝。世界上客观存在的事物及非客观存在的思想均可作为紫砂壶创作素材,或模仿,或借鉴,或融合等,增加其收藏价值和鉴赏价值。紫砂壶是中国传统工艺,强调以壶"形",显意、传神,体现紫砂艺人对世间万物的独特感知。中国古建筑样式独特,对房屋装饰极为讲究,区域结构、装饰色彩、动物形象的差异,可传达出不同艺术效果、美学效果。如:门窗雕刻动物、花卉,极     

高效液相色谱法测定热敏纸中双酚A的含量

双酚A是一种重要的化工原料,广泛应用于热敏纸等日用品的制造。同时双酚A也是一种环境雌激素,会导致人和动物生殖系统、神经系统、免疫系统的异常。文章建立了HPLC测定热敏纸中双酚A含量的方法,结果准确,操作方便。     

浅谈植物雌激素

随着年龄的增长，一般步入45岁的女性将逐渐受到更年期的困扰，雌激素补充疗法可以有效改善病症，同时众所周知该方法的实施也将在一定程度上对身体造成伤害，植物雌激素的出现使人们对雌激素的利用前景表示乐观、科学、合理的态度。另外大量试验表明植物雌激素对雄性动物的生殖系统发育、对仔公畜性别分化等也有显著作用。     

Estrogen Receptors Mediated Negative Effects of Estrogens and Xenoestrogens in Teleost Fishes—Review

Estrogen receptors (ERs) play a key role in many biochemical and physiological processes, that are involved in maintaining organism homeostasis. At the most basic level, they can be divided into nuclear estrogen receptors and membrane estrogen receptors that imply their effect in two ways: slower genomic, and faster non-genomic. In these ways, estrogens and xenoestrogens can negatively affect animal health and welfare. Most of the available literature focuses on human and mammalian physiology, and clearly, we can observe a need for further research focusing on complex mutual interactions between different estrogens and xenoestrogens in aquatic animals, primarily fishes. Understanding the mechanisms of action of estrogenic compounds on the ERs in fishes and their negative consequences, may improve efforts in environmental protection of these animals and their environment and benefit society in return. In this review, we have summarized the ER-mediated effects of xenoestrogens and estrogens on teleost fishes metabolism, their carcinogenic potential, immune, circulatory, and reproductive systems.     

Mechanisms of estrogens' dose-dependent neuroprotective and neurodamaging effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia

Ever since the hypothesis was put forward that estrogens could protect against cerebral ischemia, numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms of their effects. Despite initial studies showing ameliorating effects, later trials in both humans and animals have yielded contrasting results regarding the fundamental issue of whether estrogens are neuroprotective or neurodamaging. Therefore, investigations of the possible mechanisms of estrogen actions in brain ischemia have been difficult to assess. A recently published systematic review from our laboratory indicates that the dichotomy in experimental rat studies may be caused by the use of insufficiently validated estrogen administration methods resulting in serum hormone concentrations far from those intended, and that physiological estrogen concentrations are neuroprotective while supraphysiological concentrations augment the damage from cerebral ischemia. This evidence offers a new perspective on the mechanisms of estrogens' actions in cerebral ischemia, and also has a direct bearing on the hormone replacement therapy debate. Estrogens affect their target organs by several different pathways and receptors, and the mechanisms proposed for their effects on stroke probably prevail in different concentration ranges. In the current article, previously suggested neuroprotective and neurodamaging mechanisms are reviewed in a hormone concentration perspective in an effort to provide a mechanistic framework for the dose-dependent paradoxical effects of estrogens in stroke. It is concluded that five protective mechanisms, namely decreased apoptosis, growth factor regulation, vascular modulation, indirect antioxidant properties and decreased inflammation, and the proposed damaging mechanism of increased inflammation, are currently supported by experiments performed in optimal biological settings.     

Genetic Variants of GPER/GPR30, a Novel Estrogen-Related G Protein Receptor,Are Associated with Human Seminoma

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common solid cancers in young men, with an increasing incidence over several years. However, their pathogenesis remains a matter of debate. Some epidemiological data suggest the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. We reported two distinct effects of estrogens and/or xeno-estrogens on in vitro human seminoma-derived cells proliferation: (1) an antiproliferative effect via a classical estrogen receptor beta-dependent pathway, and (2) a promotive effect via a non-classical membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30/GPER, which is only overexpressed in seminomas, the most common TGCT. In order to explain this overexpression, we investigated the possible association of polymorphisms in the GPER gene by using allele-specific tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction performed on tissue samples from 150 paraffin-embedded TGCT specimens (131 seminomas, 19 non seminomas). Compared to control population, loss of homozygous ancestral genotype GG in two polymorphisms located in the promoter region of GPER (rs3808350 and rs3808351) was more frequent in seminomas but not in non-seminomas (respectively, OR = 1.960 (1.172–3.277) and 7.000 (2.747–17.840); p < 0.01). These polymorphisms may explain GPER overexpression and represent a genetic factor of susceptibility supporting the contribution of environmental GPER ligands in testicular carcinogenesis.     

Protein-structure-based prediction of animal model suitability for pharmacodynamic studies of subtype-selective estrogens

Subtype-selective estrogens are of increasing importance as tools used to unravel physiological roles of the estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, in various species. Although human ERalpha and ERbeta differ by only two amino acids within the binding pockets, we and others recently succeeded in generating subtype-selective agonists. We have proposed that the selectivity of the steroidal compounds 16alpha-lactone-estradiol (16alpha-LE(2), hERalpha selective) and 8beta-vinyl-estradiol (8beta-VE(2), hERbeta selective) is based on the interaction of certain substituents of these compounds with essentially one amino acid in the respective ER binding pockets. For in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological experiments with these compounds we intended to use bovine tissues available from slaughterhouses in larger quantities. Using homology modeling techniques we determined that the amino acid conferring high hERbeta-selectivity to 8beta-VE(2) is not exchanged between human and bovine ERalpha and bovine ERbeta. Thus, we predicted our steroidal hERbeta-selective compound to exhibit only weak agonistic activity at bERbeta and that bovine tissue is therefore not suited for investigation of ERbeta functions. The situation is presumably identical for pig, sheep, and the common marmoset, whereas rats, mice, and rhesus macaques are appropriate animal models to study pharmacological effects of 8beta-VE(2) in vivo. This prediction was confirmed in transactivation studies assessing estradiol (E(2)) and the two subtype-selective ligands on bovine ERbeta and on a series of hERalpha and hERbeta with mutations in their respective ligand-binding pockets. We have shown that the detailed understanding of the interactions of a compound with its target protein enables the identification of relevant species for pharmacological studies.     

水中痕量污染物雌激素的内分泌干扰活性评价

雌激素近年来已成为水中的常见痕量污染物之一,该文对水中常见的雌激素种类、主要来源、物化性质、内分泌活性评价等进行了较为详尽的论述,对雌激素污染可能带来的问题进行了介绍。研究表明,重视水中雌激素污染问题,并寻求合理的解决办法,是当前给排水处理工作者的主要任务之一。     

Sex Differences in the Triad of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

The triad of noise-generated, drug-induced, and age-related hearing loss is the major cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) in modern society. Although these three forms of hearing loss display similar underlying mechanisms, detailed studies have revealed the presence of sex differences in the auditory system both in human and animal models of ASNHL. However, the sexual dimorphism of hearing varies among noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Importantly, estrogen may play an essential role in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms in the cochlea and several reports have shown that the effects of hormone replacement therapy on hearing loss are complex. This review will summarize the clinical features of sex differences in ASNHL, compare the animal investigations of cochlear sexual dimorphism in response to the three insults, and address how estrogen affects the auditory organ at molecular levels.     

表面活性剂环境危害性分析

全面分析了表面活性剂存在时对土壤、水体环境的危害,研究了表面活性剂对植物、动物、人体以及微生物的影响,同时还探讨了表面活性剂的生物降解。表明全面了解表面活性剂环境安全性对推动表面活性剂工业的持续发展具有重大意义。