99mTc-TRODAT-1内照射辐射吸收剂量的计算

为估测^99mTc-TRODAT-1在全身靶器官的内照射辐吸收剂量及生物学分布，对3例帕金森病患者（PD）、2例原发性震颤（ET）患者静脉注射^99mTc-TRODAT-1后，用双探头SPECT采集24h内系列全身前、后位图像；利用ROI技术获各时相全身各脏器的摄取放射性活度，采用Microcal Origin5.0应用程序中的非线性拟合方法得到全脏器的时间－放射性曲线，通过各种源器官的累积活度计算出放射性核素的滞留时间，然后由美国MIRDOSE3．1应用程序得到各靶器官的内照射辐照吸收剂量，另外，注药后3h离断层显像，实验结果显示，^99mTc-TRODAT-1全身各脏器内照射辐射吸收剂量均较小，脑断层显像，纹状体影像清晰。^99mTc-TRODAT-1人体应用安全，是一种优良的多巴胺转运体（DAT）显像剂。     

符合线路断层显像原理及其应用

符合线路断层显像主要由可变角双探头SPECT系统，符合探测线路和衰减校正等组成。对医用核仪器尤其是近年来在国内外刚开始广泛应用的双和／或三探头符合线路断层显像仪的工作原理和特点以及临床应用进行了综述。     

上海市核医学显像仪器持控检测结果评估

为了解上海市核医学显像仪器SPECT、γ－相机、扫描机的运转状况，促进显像仪器质量的提高。将系统模型、Hoffman脑模型置于显像床上，按各医院最佳临床常规显像条件采集，采用低能高分辨准直器。按各医院常规方法进行图像重建。甲状腺模型主要用于检测γ－相机分辨率。上海市目前20家医院有SPECT22台，其中双探头8台，单探头14台。8台双探头SPECT，两探头固有均匀性目测较一致者5台，14台单探头固有均匀性较好者占11台；双探头SPECT的热区分辨率约为9－10mm，单探头约为11－12mm。双探头的冷区分辨率约为10mm，单探头约为11mm或12mm。断层线性显示，2台双探头4台单探头断层线性目测有歪曲，脑显像的图像不太理想。γ相机目前有6台，2台已停止使用，2台均匀度不均匀，2台均匀度目测尚均匀，固有分辨率为3－4mm。扫描机2台，仅能扫描出甲状腺模型的外形，不能分辨甲状腺“热”区和“冷”区。质探结果表明，上海市核医学显像仪器整体运行状况尚可，但应加快仪器的更新。     

99mTcO-4动态显像测定正常人腮腺功能的定量研究

通过99mTcO-4腮腺动态SPECT显像,对正常人的腮腺功能进行了定量分析,同时绘制了两侧腮腺的时间-放射性活度曲线.研究表明腮腺摄取指数、给酸后的分泌率是评价腮腺摄取及分泌功能的良好指标.     

上海市核医学显像仪器质控检测结果评估

为了解上海市核医学显像仪器SPECT、γ-相机、扫描机的运转状况,促进显像仪器质量的提高.将系统模型、Hoffman脑模型置于显像床上,按各医院最佳临床常规显像条件采集,采用低能高分辨准直器.按各医院常规方法进行图像重建.甲状腺模型主要用于检测γ-相机分辨率.上海市目前20家医院有SPECT 22台,其中双探头8台,单探头14台.8台双探头SPECT,两探头固有均匀性目测较一致者5台,14台单探头固有均匀性较好者占11台;双探头SPECT的热区分辨率约为9-10mm,单探头约为11-12mm.双探头的冷区分辨率约为10mm,单探头约为11mm或12mm.断层线性显示,2台双探头4台单探头断层线性目测有歪曲,脑显像的图像不太理想.γ相机目前有6台,2台已停止使用,2台均匀度不均匀,2台均匀度目测尚均匀,固有分辨率为3-4mm.扫描机2台,仅能扫描出甲状腺模型的外形,不能分辨甲状腺"热"区和"冷"区.质控结果表明,上海市核医学显像仪器整体运行状况尚可,但应加快仪器的更新.     

SPECT/CT活度定量中校准体模和重建方法的选择

本文探讨了SPECT/CT校准体模和重建方法的选择,以用于临床SPECT/CT的准确活度定量。分别对活度已知的点源、大圆柱、小圆柱3种校准体模进行SPECT/CT扫描,然后对每个断层数据依次采用4种重建方法（FBP、OSEM、OSEM+AC、OSEM+AC+SC）进行重建,并据此计算校准因子。将小圆柱作为活度定量的对象进行定量误差计算。OSEM+AC和OSEM+AC+SC的平均相对定量误差均小于10%,FBP和OSEM的平均相对定量误差均大于20%。OSEM+AC的平均相对定量误差在采用小圆柱做校准体模时与OSEM+AC+SC无显著差异,而在采用大圆柱和点源时,分别较OSEM+AC+SC的小3.38%和6.48%（P<0.05）。3种体模的对比中,采用OSEM+AC时差异不显著,采用其他重建方法时差异显著。采用OSEM+AC+SC时,小圆柱作校准体模的定量误差较大圆柱和点源的结果分别小3.92%和6.42%（P<0.05）。结果表明,基于CT和迭代算法的衰减校正可有效提升活度定量准确性,但散射校正的效果不佳;校准体模应尽可能与目标定量对象相似。合理选择校准体模和重建方法,可有效提升SPECT/CT的活度定量准确性。     

单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)在诊断肝脏疾病中的应用

本文介绍了SPECT肝脏显像的操作技术,并应用SPECT和普通肝脏闪烁显像对比检查了68例85人次,包括11例正常人及57例可疑肝内占位性病变的患者。将33例患者的两种方法检查结果与X线断层(CT)和手术结果进行对照,SPECT及普通肝脏闪烁显像对肝内占位性病变的准确率分别为93.9％及78.8％,两者相差5例,该5例病变直径在1.0～3.5cm,普通肝脏闪烁显像均未能检出。另一例普通肝脏闪烁显像未能明确判断病变来自肝内抑或肝外,但经SPECT证实为肝内肿物。由此可见,SPECT对直径小于3.5cm的肝内病变的检出率明显高于普通肝脏闪烁显像,而且还可对病变作出精确的定位。     

99mTc-SC动态显像定位诊断41例乳糜尿患者的临床研究

研究99mTc-SC动态显像定位诊断乳糜尿的显像图类型与特点及其临床价值.41例肉眼乳糜尿患者,年龄16-65岁(平均41.7岁),男性33例,女性8例.41例病例全经膀胱镜检查,其中33例经手术证实,8例无手术结果.99mTc-SC动态显像方法:在双下肢足趾间蹼皮下注射99mTc-SC各3.7×108 Bq,同时使用GE公司VG Hawkeye型SPECT作动态显像.1、双侧乳糜肾显像图表现:动态显像早期双肾或肾盂同时显影,此时膀胱内无放射性.2、单侧乳糜肾显像图表现有多种:①早期显像见单侧肾显影;②早期显像仅见单侧肾盂显影;③早期显像见患侧髂淋巴管增粗显影.99mTc-SC动态显像是一种高灵敏、无创伤性定位诊断乳糜尿的方法,帮助临床诊断是双侧乳糜肾还是单侧乳糜肾及来自何侧,根据单侧乳糜肾显像图表现类型可评估乳糜尿的程度.99mTc-SC动态显像诊断乳糜尿是一种简便、灵敏、无创伤性的定位诊断乳糜尿方法.     

SPECT V/Q断层显像半定量分析联合测定血浆D-二聚体诊断肺栓塞的价值

研究V/Q断层显像半定量分析联合测定血浆D-二聚体早期、准确诊断肺栓塞的价值,尤其在小面积肺栓塞诊断中的应用优势。疑诊肺栓塞来核医学科行V/Q断层显像患者共156例,以CT肺血管造影（computed tomographic pulmonary angiography, CTPA）检查及临床诊断为分组标准,肺栓塞组患者101例,非肺栓塞组患者55例。比较SPECT V/Q断层显像、血浆D-二聚体测定以及SPECT V/Q断层显像联合血浆D-二聚体测定三种方法对肺栓塞的诊断效能。应用Philips公司Oasis图像后处理软件对栓塞面积进行半定量分析,进一步评估对于肺栓塞面积占双肺容积≤15%的小面积肺栓塞的诊断价值。结果显示,血浆D-二聚体测定对于肺栓塞的诊断有较高的灵敏度（70.3%）,但是特异性（61.8%）差;SPECT V/Q断层显像半定量分析对于肺栓塞的诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,分别为85.1%、90.9%;而二者联合应用,诊断肺栓塞效能最高,灵敏度和特异性分别为91.1%、98.2%。 其中SPECT V/Q断层显像半定量分析对于肺栓塞面积小于15%的小面积肺栓塞诊断有优势。放射性核素SPECT V/Q断层显像联合测定血浆D-二聚体能显著提高肺栓塞的诊断效能,是临床实用、安全有效的肺栓塞疑诊患者诊断策略。     

高活度废放射源整备技术路线研究

高活度废放射源具有高活度、高剂量和高风险等特点,需要加强对此类源的管理措施。对其实施整备作业是有效管理的一个重要环节。在介绍国际原子能机构和国外某些国家开展的高活度废放射源整备研究和作业的基础上,介绍了国内高活度废放射源管理现状,提出了我国高活度废放射源整备研究的技术路线和建议。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.