甲壳素及其衍生物纤维的研究进展

回顾了用不同溶剂溶解甲壳素并纺制纤维的尝试,以及壳聚糖乙酸水溶液的纺丝工艺和通过后处理提高壳聚糖纤维强度的方法;对甲壳素和壳聚糖的化学改性和衍生物纤维的制备作了综述。     

海藻酸钙/壳聚糖复合纤维的制备及性能研究

以海藻酸钙纤维为主体,壳聚糖为整理剂,采用交联整理的方法制备一种新型的海藻酸钙/壳聚糖复合纤维;探讨了整理过程中壳聚糖溶液p H值、壳聚糖浓度及海藻酸钙纤维用量对复合纤维吸湿性能的影响,并测定了复合纤维的抗菌性能、力学性能、表面结构及红外光谱。结果表明:相比海藻酸钙纤维,海藻酸钙/壳聚糖复合纤维表面沟槽较小,较为圆润,截面呈现腰子形;当壳聚糖溶液质量浓度为0.5 g/L,溶液p H值为7,海藻酸钙纤维用量为1.2 g时,复合纤维在蒸馏水、生理盐水、人造血浆中吸湿率分别为94.1%,695.0%,680.0%;相比海藻酸钙纤维,复合纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,断裂强力及断裂强度变化不大,断裂伸长率降低了11.14%,性能可达到应用要求;复合纤维的红外光谱表明壳聚糖已交联整理到海藻酸钙纤维上。     

壳聚糖在纤维制品中的应用

综述了壳聚糖在造纸和壳聚糖纤维方面的应用。在造纸方面,壳聚糖可用做纸张增强剂、施胶剂、助留助滤剂、表面改性剂和造纸废液的絮凝剂。壳聚糖纤维具有抗菌性和透气性等优良性能。     

壳聚糖及其抗菌纤维的研究进展

概述了壳聚糖的结构、特性、抗菌机理和壳聚糖抗菌纤维的制备方法，介绍了壳聚糖抗菌纤维的研究进展。     

纳米碳酸钙改性纤维的制备

用间歇鼓泡碳化法制备纳米碳酸钙,并通过细胞壁加填的方式包覆于纤维上。通过扫描电镜分析纳米碳酸钙改性纤维的形貌和结构,利用动态滤水仪测定纳米碳酸钙与纤维之间的结合强度,并测定游离碳酸钙的粒径。结果表明,改性纤维表面均匀包覆一层碳酸钙,而碳酸钙尺寸达到纳米级;改性纤维经动态滤水仪在不同转速下强剪切,纤维表面仍有59%的碳酸钙颗粒包覆在纤维表面。分析了随着改性反应一同生成的游离碳酸钙的粒径特征,其特征径Dn达到了1μm,并且90%的碳酸钙的粒径在2.5μm以内,达到了微粉碳酸钙(1～5μm)的水平,部分粒径已经达到了微细碳酸钙(0.1～1μm)的水平。     

丙烯酰胺接枝海藻酸纤维的耐碱性研究

采用等离子体处理接枝共聚的方法对海藻酸纤维表面接枝丙烯酰胺,以改善纤维的耐碱性,利用红外吸收光谱和扫描电镜对改性纤维进行表征;探讨了等离子体处理纤维的工艺条件,研究了改性纤维的吸湿性和力学性能。结果表明:海藻酸纤维表面已接枝上丙烯酰胺;等离子体处理和接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:放电功率100 W,放电时间4 min,丙烯酰胺质量分数40%,接枝时间60 min。改性后的纤维碱溶解率为0.23%,吸湿性没有显著变化,但断裂强度提高。     

运用静电纺丝技术制备金/壳聚糖/PVP复合纳米纤维

在加热条件下,以乙酸作为溶剂,用壳聚糖还原氯金酸制备了金纳米粒子。壳聚糖分子还保护了生成的金纳米颗粒,因此壳聚糖既为还原剂又是保护剂。紫外吸收光谱证实了溶液内金纳米粒子的存在。采用静电纺丝技术制备了含有金纳米粒子的壳聚糖/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)复合纳米纤维。运用透射电镜(TEM)对纤维的表面形貌及纤维内的金纳米粒子的分布进行了表征。     

山东华兴集团壳聚糖纤维产业化

山东华兴集团通过自主研发，形成了拥有自主知识产权的200吨／年壳聚糖纤维生产线，海斯摩尔（Hismer）是华兴集团壳聚糖纤维的商品名。华兴集团从2006年开始试验壳聚糖纤维的纺制，最终实现了使用乙酸和氢氧化钠作为溶剂，全程无毒纺丝，获得了国家发明专利。     

海藻酸钙/改性壳聚糖混纺亲水性纤维敷料的制备及其性能研究

本文以海藻酸钙纤维和改性壳聚糖纤维为原料,通过针刺无纺布工艺制备含有不同比例的改性壳聚糖纤维的海藻酸钙/改性壳聚糖混纺敷料,同时,对制备的复合敷料的吸液性能、抗菌性能、止血性能进行研究。结果显示,海藻酸钙/改性壳聚糖混纺敷料具有很好的吸液性能、抗菌性能以及止血效果,有效的改善了海藻酸钙敷料的性能。     

等离子体改性聚酯纤维的染色性能研究

聚酯纤维因分子结构对称、结晶度高、亲水性较差等导致其穿着舒适性及可染性较差,本文采用等离子体方法进行改性,测定改性纤维的上染率并分析浸润特性和纤维的表面能。通过等离子体处理后的纤维上染率明显比未处理的纤维上染率要高,可以将A染料的上染率提高到85%。改性纤维的浸润性明显改善,水中的接触角由原来的64.8°降低到18.8°,表面能和极性分量亦明显提高,改性纤维的表面能可达70.807×10-7J/cm2,极性分量达到54%,而色散分量降低至45%。说明等离子体改性效果明显。     

Manufacture and performance of ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan/cellulose fiber in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide system

Ethylamine hydroxyethyl chitosan (EHC), a novel chitosan derivative which is soluble in aqueous N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and antibacterial to Escherichia coli (E. coli) was synthesized. The structure, solubility and antibacterial capability of EHC were investigated. Results demonstrated the potential application for EHC in manufacture of antibacterial EHC/cellulose Lyocell fiber. Through environment-friendly Lyocell process in aqueous NMMO, the EHC/cellulose fiber was successfully fabricated and the various properties of EHC/cellulose fiber were studied. Results showed the EHC/cellulose fiber exhibited favorable consistency, antibacterial activity, mechanical properties and water retention compared with the fiber without EHC.     

壳聚糖/纤维素抗菌纤维的研究与展望

壳聚糖是一种广谱抗菌剂，和纤维素具有相似的分子结构和良好的相容性，可用于改性纤维素纤维研制抗菌纤维。目前，基于纤维素纤维的工业生产方法,这种抗菌纤维的研究开发主要集中在粘胶法上，随着纤维素纤维溶剂法纺丝的出现，抗菌纤维的研究也应该向这种环保，节能，直接的方法转变，本文在对壳聚糖／粘胶纤维的研究工作作了总结之后，对这种抗菌纤维的溶剂法纺丝作了初步探讨和展望。     

再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜制备及性能

以1-丁基-3甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）为溶剂体系，通过微晶纤维素（MCC）溶解再生制备基膜，壳聚糖（CS）、银纳米线（AgNW）共混液包覆方法制备抗菌复合膜，通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明，壳聚糖和银纳米线成功复合于纤维素基膜，与再生纤维素膜相比，当AgNW质量分数为0.5%时，复合膜的拉伸强度提升了12.2%，透光率保持在89.82%，氧气透过率下降了86.7%，且对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用，制备出一种力学性能、光学性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能优异的可降解纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜。     

改性纤维素和壳聚糖共混膜的制备及性能研究

将水溶性的纤维素衍生物——羟乙基纤维素与壳聚糖乙酸水溶液用溶液浇铸法制得羟乙基纤维素/壳聚糖(HEC/CS)共混膜。确定了该共混膜的最佳制备条件,并测试了其力学性能和生物降解性能。结果表明:HEC/CS共混膜具有好的抗菌性。     

Manufacture and properties of chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers

Chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan (N,O‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501     

纤维素/超细氧化锌复合气凝胶的制备及抗菌性能研究

通过碱法先将纤维素（CE）溶解,破坏其氢键,再通过交联技术和冷冻干燥技术制备得到具有很好成形性和柔韧性的纤维素气凝胶。将纤维素气凝胶与溶剂热法制备的超细氧化锌（ZnO）通过浸泡法进行复合,得到了CE/ZnO复合气凝胶。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和元素能量散射（EDS）技术对复合气凝胶进行了结构表征,证明了两者的复合是成功的。对复合气凝胶的抗菌性能进行研究,结果表明：随着ZnO用量的增加,复合气凝胶的抗菌性能也在提高。当纤维素气凝胶与ZnO的质量比为1:2时,所得复合气凝胶CE/ZnO-020抗菌效果达到最好,抗菌率达到95.25%。     

Fabrication of Paper Sheets Coatings Based on Chitosan/Bacterial Nanocellulose/ZnO with Enhanced Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties

Here, we designed paper sheets coated with chitosan, bacterial cellulose (nanofibers), and ZnO with boosted antibacterial and mechanical activity. We investigated the compositions, with ZnO exhibiting two different sizes/shapes: (1) rods and (2) irregular sphere-like particles. The proposed processing of bacterial cellulose resulted in the formation of nanofibers. Antimicrobial behavior was tested using E. coli ATCC^® 25922™ following the ASTM E2149-13a standard. The mechanical properties of the paper sheets were measured by comparing tearing resistance, tensile strength, and bursting strength according to the ISO 5270 standard. The results showed an increased antibacterial response (assigned to the combination of chitosan and ZnO, independent of its shape and size) and boosted mechanical properties. Therefore, the proposed composition is an interesting multifunctional mixture for coatings in food packaging applications.     

Preparation and antibacterial activity of PET/chitosan nanofibrous mats using an electrospinning technique

The nanofiber deposition method, by electrospinning, was employed to introduce antibacterial activity and biocompatibility to the surface of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) textiles. The polymer blends of PET and chitosan were electrospun on to the PET micro‐nonwoven mats for biomedical applications. The PET/chitosan nanofibers were evenly deposited on to the surface, and the diameter of the nanofibers was in the range between 500 and 800 nm. The surface of the nanofibers was characterized using SEM, ESCA, AFM, and ATR‐FTIR. The wettability of the PET nanofibers was significantly enhanced by the incorporation of chitosan. The antibacterial activity of the samples was evaluated utilizing the colony counting method against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results indicated that the PET/chitosan nanofiber mats showed a significantly higher growth inhibition rate compared with the PET nanofiber control. In addition, the fibroblast cells adhered better to the PET/chitosan nanofibers than to the PET nanofibers mats, suggesting better tissue compatibility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Blend films of O‐carboxymethyl chitosan and cellulose in N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide monohydrate

To introduce N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) process to prepare antibacterial lyocell fiber, the blend films of O‐carboxymethyl chitosan (O‐CMCS) and cellulose were prepared. O‐CMCS in aqueous suspension with particles having a surface mean diameter of 2.24 μm was blended with cellulose in NMMO hydrate. The blend films with different O‐CMCS content were prepared with the blend solutions. SEM confirmed that O‐CMCS remained within the cellulose film in the particle. The mechanical properties of the blend films show little increased value when O‐CMCS was less 5%; however, it decreased sharply when O‐CMCS was over 8%. Thus, the optimum O‐CMCS content may give a good combination of antibacterial action and mechanical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4601–4605, 2006     

Study on antibacterial O-carboxymethylated chitosan/cellulose blend film from LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide solution

Two types of O-carboxymethylated chitosan (O-CMCh)/cellulose polyblends were prepared by mixing cellulose LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution with O-CMCh aqueous solution (I) or DMAc emulsion (II) and their corresponding films (I and II) were regenerated in water. The (O-CMCh)/cellulose films obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide-angle X-ray-scattering (WAXS). FTIR analyses showed that amino groups of O-CMCh were not affected during the film formation. SEM observations indicated that the O-CMCh/cellulose polyblend displayed a heterogeneous microstructure. O-CMCh microdomains dispersed in the cellulose matrix of the blend film. Blend film I showed a better dispersion of the O-CMCh microdomains than blend film II did. DSC and WAXS analyses suggested that, for both two kinds of the blend films, the addition of O-CMCh did not significantly influence the crystallinity and thermal properties of cellulose. The antibacterial activity of the films against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also measured via optical density method. Both blend films I and II exhibited satisfying antibacterial activity against E. coli, even the O-CMCh concentration was only 2 wt%. Due to the coagulation effect of water on the polyblend, O-CMCh water solution is suitable for the preparation of the blend film with low O-CMCh concentration, while O-CMCh DMAc emulsion should be selected when high O-CMCh concentration is needed.