澳斯麦特炉用镁铬和铝铬砖抗侵蚀性能对比

为延长澳斯麦特炉炉衬用耐火材料的服役寿命,对其所用镁铬和铝铬质耐火材料的主要损毁机理进行了分析.通过对现役镁铬和铝铬质砖进行物理化学性能检测,结合热力学模拟,对比了镁铬和铝铬质耐火材料抗热应力破坏,抗Cu/Cu2 S和FeO/SiO2渣的渗透侵蚀能力.研究表明:镁铬和铝铬质耐火材料均有较高的常温及高温强度,抗机械冲刷性能良好;镁铬质耐火材料抗Cu/Cu2 S侵蚀性能要优于铝铬系耐火材料,但抗FeO/SiO2渣的性能相比较差.铝铬砖可以替代镁铬砖在澳斯麦特炉上应用,并取得良好的使用效果.     

耐火材料中的六价铬

生态安全是对任何工艺过程和耐火材料的主要要求之一。主要氧化物生态安全的评价列于表1。 就生态学而言,最为有害的是含铬耐火材料,处于第二位的是硅质耐火材料,处于第3位的是焦油白云石耐火材料。它们的极限容许浓度为2mg/m~3(3级危害度)。 目前,耐火材料工业生产各种成分的含铬耐火材料:镁铬质、铬镁质、电熔铬尖晶石质、镁橄榄石铬质、铬镁橄榄石质、莫来石铬质、铬莫来石质、铬质和铬酸质耐火材料。为     

镁尖晶石砖添加TiO2的效果

1 前言 作为精炼钢包用耐火材料是以镁铬质耐火材料为代表。近年来,由于镁铬质砖的废弃处理很困难,因此在这种情况下,对镁尖晶石砖的关注目益提高,它在实际精炼钢包中的使用量也正不断增加。但另一方面,尖晶石砖的性能尚不如镁铬质砖那样令人满意,目前正在对其进行改进。 2 以往制品的损毁机理     

镁铬质耐火材料中铬、钙、镁、铁和铝的快速分析

本方法采用同一份分析试液测定镁铬质耐火材料中的铬、钙、镁、铁、铝5种元素，铬用高氯酸直接氧化测定，钙、镁不需分离直接测定，铁、铝连续测定。     

耐火材料X射线荧光光谱分析方法

主要介绍高铝质、镁铝质及镁铬质耐火材料X射线荧光光谱分析方法——熔铸玻璃片法的国家标准方法的试验工作。试验表明本方法具有分析快速、准确的优越性。     

镁铁铝尖晶石砖的应用进展

1烧成带耐火材料的无铬化对占世界水泥总量50%的中国水泥工业来说,降低污染排放强度尤为重要,尤其是水泥中的剧毒六价铬。水泥中的六价铬主要来源于回转窑烧成带的镁铬质耐火材料。     

提高回转窑烧成带耐火材料的耐久性

回转窑用耐火材料使用条件的主要特点在于:窑每转一周,耐火材料都要受到周期性的加热和冷却,一个月回转窑的转动次数大约为4.5×10~4次。而且,耐火材料周期性的温度波动范围达150～200℃。苏联水泥工业回转窑烧成带内衬主要采用的镁尖晶石质耐火材料为铬镁质、镁铬质、方镁石-尖晶石质耐火材料。煅烧白水泥熟料的窑,主要采用尖晶石结合的不含染色氧化铬的镁质耐火材料。其它国家水泥工业则主要推广镁尖     

炼铜用镁铬质耐火材料破坏机理的分析

作为优良的耐火材料的镁铬质耐火材料在炼铜工业中广泛应用的同时,因为不同机理导致的破坏而普遍具有较低的使用寿命。炼铜用镁铬质耐火材料的破坏机理分为一般破坏机理和特殊破坏机理:对于一般破坏机理来说,其遵循了高温窑炉用镁铬砖的破坏演变机理;对于特殊破坏机理来说,重点在于炼铜工业中产生的不同种类炉渣的侵蚀。     

MgO和ZrO2添加剂对镁铬质耐火材料性能的影响

利用脆性铬矿和不同活性的氧化镁，并加入ZrO2作为添加剂制得镁铬骨料。利用烧结镁砂、轻烧镁砂和铬矿按照两种配方制得镁铬质耐火材料。含有烧结镁砂和脆性铬矿的配料（SMC）在振动磨中磨8h，而轻烧镁砂则直接加入到在振动磨中磨过的铬矿中（CMC），而后在流化床混合器中混合。在配料中加入1-5％的ZrO2作为添加剂。分别在1700℃和1750℃下烧成并保温2h。用骨料的致密程度、高温抗折强度和微观结构来对骨料进行评价。结果发现，镁砂的活性对试样的性能影响很大。低活性烧结镁砂的引入提高了骨料的性能。对于镁铬质耐火材料来说，ZrO2是一种优良的助烧剂。     

水泥回转窑用镁尖晶石耐火材料

本文论述了第二代镁尖晶石耐火材料的研制成果。查明，利用水镁石可以生产出优质合成尖晶石和方镁石。含有这些组份的新研制的镁尖晶石耐火材料的物理陶瓷性能指标优超于目前俄罗斯在回转窑中所采用的镁铬质耐火材料的同类指标。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.