抗氧剂二硬酯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成新工艺

本文以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料,在实验室合成了二硬酯基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明,整个工艺过程可分为两步:合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时,最佳的工艺条件为:亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.05∶1,催化剂的用量为季戊四醇量的3%,反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5h;在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时,十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2.05∶1,反应温度为160℃,时间3h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生,产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

双亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂626的合成研究

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,合成了双(2,4一二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。采用正交试验考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,整个工艺过程适宜的工艺条件为:2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、亚磷酸三乙酯和季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.04∶2.20∶1.00,催化剂有机锡的用量为反应物总量的2.0%,反应温度在140~150℃范围内,反应时间为7小时。     

3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸-1-膦-2,6,7-三氧双环-[2,2,2]辛基-4-甲酯的合成新工艺

以 3 - (3 ,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羟基苯基 )丙酸甲酯 (简称 3 ,5 -甲酯 )、亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇为原料 ,二丁基氧化锡为催化剂合成了标题化合物。考查了催化剂、反应温度、反应时间及物料配比等因素的影响 ,实验结果表明 :以 0 .1 mol季戊四醇为准 ,第一步和第二步反应温度分别为 1 1 0～ 1 2 0°C和 1 40°C,催化剂用量为 0 .6 g,反应时间为 5 h,n(季戊四醇 )∶n(亚磷酸三乙酯 )∶n(3 ,5 -甲酯 ) =1∶ 1∶ 1 .1 0 ,在此条件下 ,收率在 95 %以上。通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁氢谱对产品进行组成结构表征     

抗氧剂二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成新工艺

本文以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料，在实验室合成了二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响．实验结果表明，整个工艺过程可分为两步：合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时，最佳的工艺条件为：亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2．05：1，催化剂的用量为季戊四醇量的3％，反应温度为13℃，时间为2．5h；在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时，十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2．05：1，反应温度为16℃，时间3h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生，产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂626的合成与表征

以季戊四醇、三氯化磷和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚为原料,在实验室合成了双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。采用正交试验考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,整个工艺过程适宜的工艺条件为:2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、三氯化磷和季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.00∶2.05∶1.00,催化剂B的用量为季戊四醇质量的2.2%,第一步反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5 h;第二步反应温度为120℃,时间3.0 h。产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂852的合成研究

以2,4-二枯基酚、季戊四醇、三氯化磷为基本原料合成了抗氧剂852,即二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇双亚磷酸酯。重点讨论了反应溶剂、催化剂、物料配比、反应温度、反应时间和结晶溶剂对产品收率的影响,筛选出了最佳的合成工艺条件为:物料摩尔配比η(2,4-二枯基酚)∶η(三氯化磷)∶η(季戊四醇)为2.00∶2.18∶1.00,第一步反应温度60℃,反应4h,第二步反应110℃,反应6h,反应收率为78%。     

二亚磷酸二(双酚A)季戊四醇酯的合成

以季戊四醇、三氯化磷和双酚A作为原料合成了抗氧剂二亚磷酸二(双酚A)季戊四醇酯。探索了物料配比、反应溶剂的种类及用量和反应时间等反应条件对产率的影响,并通过正交试验法确定了适宜工艺条件。试验结果表明:反应溶剂为苯,用量为50 mL;物料配比〔m(季戊四醇):m(三氯化磷):m(双酚A)〕为1.0∶2.8∶2.0;第一步和第二步均回流反应3 h。在适宜工艺条件下所制得的产品为白色粉末状固体,熔点为146℃~148℃,产率约为93%。此外,通过元素分析、红外谱图和核磁共振对产品进行了物性和结构表征。     

离子交换树脂催化合成二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸酯的研究

二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸酯是非光气合成二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的重要中间体。以离子交换树脂为催化剂,对苯氨基甲酸甲酯与甲醛缩合反应制备二氨基甲酸酯进行了研究,考察了催化剂、反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间对反应的影响。优惠条件:温度100℃,原料配比n(对苯氨基甲酸甲酯)∶n(甲醛)=6∶1,催化剂用量为苯氨基甲酸甲酯质量的10%,反应时间4h。此条件下,二氨基甲酸酯收率为57%,选择性为60%。     

抗氧剂618的合成及在聚合物加工中的应用

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十八醇为原料,在实验室合成了二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂及物料配比对产品收率的影响。试验结果表明,合成工艺过程可分为两步:合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时,适宜的工艺条件为:亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2.05,催化剂的用量为季戊四醇质量的3%,反应温度为130℃,时间为2.5 h;在二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的合成时,十八醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2.05,反应温度为160℃,时间3 h。产品使用结果表明,该产品能够与钙锌稳定剂组分协同并用抑制PVC初期着色;在PP制品中,与酚类抗氧剂1010存在明显的协同作用,显示出良好的长期热氧稳定性。     

无酚法新工艺合成双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯

以季戊四醇、亚磷酸三乙酯和十六醇为原料，合成了双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。考察了反应温度、反应时闻、催化荆及物料配比对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明，整个工艺过程可分为两步，合成季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯中间体时，最佳的工艺条件为：亚磷酸三乙酯、季戊四醇的摩尔比为2．05：1，催化剂的用量为季戊四醇质量的3％，反应温度为130℃，时间为2．5h；在合成双十六烷基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯时，十六醇与中间体季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯的摩尔比为2．05：1，反应温度为160℃，时间2．5h。合成的产品中无酚无三废产生，产品元素分析及红外光谱与目的产物相一致。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。