集成式气浮净水高压溶气方式的可行性探讨

论述了当前使用的气浮净水技术各种溶气方式的特点,介绍了旋喷泵的结构及工作原理,在此基础上,提出了旋喷高压溶气新方式,并对其可行性进行了分析,认为其具有综合气泡生成量大、能耗低的优点。     

新型卧式气浮器除油性能实验研究

为解决目前处理含油污水量多、处理难度大的问题,利用一种新型卧式含油污水处理装置,通过射流气浮法和加压溶气气浮法两种方法进行除油实验,并对其各操作参数、物性参数对除油效果的影响规律展开了研究。验结果表明,射流气浮实验,除油效率随着停留时间的增加而增强,处理量与除油效率呈负相关,随着气液比的增大,除油效率先增大后减小,除油效率最高可达82%;加压溶气气浮实验气液比的影响规律与射流溶气气浮相似,而随着溶气压力的提高,除油效率迅速提升后达到稳定,除油效率最高可达到84.5%。     

无溶气罐泵前射流溶气系统

应用加压溶气浮上法实行固液分离,是一项实用价值大应用面广的水处理技术。目前国内通常推广使用的加压溶气系统主要有:泵后射流加压溶气气浮系统;水泵与空压机加压溶气气浮系统;泵前插管式加压溶气气浮系统等。本文认真分析研究国内有关加压溶气气浮系统特点,本着高效节能的科研目标,在溶气系统的研究上,充分利用了水泵的工作特性及高效射流器的优点,通过大量的试验,从而研制出的新型的溶气系统气浮装置。该装置用于污水处理工程上操作方便、性能稳定、效率高、电耗低、制造的溶气水质量好、水质净化程度均达到了满意的效果。在目前来说是一种较为先进的溶气气浮系统。     

气浮净水设备在水处理中的应用

总结了气浮净水技术的影响因素 ,包括溶气系统、释气系统、分离系统和排渣方式 ,并介绍了浅层气浮、共聚气浮、涡凹气浮、THK引气气浮 4种目前研究应用较为广泛的气浮净水设备的原理和应用现状 ,最后分析了气浮净水技术的发展方向。     

加压溶气气浮微气泡产生机理及工程应用研究

目前广泛应用的加压溶气气浮设备的最主要问题是运行能耗过大。通过对加压溶气气浮设备微气泡产生机理的研究,得出了加压溶气系统在微气泡产生过程中的两个耗能关键点,并提出降低能耗的改进措施。指出了压力溶气罐内空气溶解过程中气体分散成核步骤中最小能量Δf的存在及其理论表达式。阐述了叶轮散气和气浮泵气浮装置在微气泡发生机理方面的转变和节能方面的优势。     

内循环式射流溶气工艺在浮选系统中的应用

传统的加压溶气浮选工艺在实际应用中存在着适应能力差、能耗较高等弊端,而内循环式射流溶气工艺可较好地克服这些弊端,更适于浮选工艺。通过对内循环式射流溶气工艺原理的分析及在实践工作中的应用,总结出内循环系统在应用过程中的操作经验,并通过分析出水水质,进一步验证其在处理含油污水中的良好效果。     

加压气浮技术在炼油污水处理中的应用

近年来,我国油田数量、原油种类在逐渐增加,原油性质日益复杂,炼油污水处理难度不断加大,因此较为高效的污水处理技术也受到人们的逐渐重视。其中,在污水处理系统中较为重要的气浮环节,运用较为广泛的是喷射气浮法和凹涡旋流式气浮法。主要对原浮选系统进行重新改造,把原喷射气浮法改为加压式溶气气浮法,详细介绍了加压式溶气气浮在炼油污水处理中的应用。     

旋流—充气气浮系统及其机理的研究

从分析沉淀气浮过程的热力学、动力学和有关的机理出发,利用射流溶气、布气板充气及旋流原理,研究出的一种有高负载能力,高气浮分离效率的新型回收处理重金属离子废水的设备——旋流——充气气浮系统。气浮分离效率在97%以上,比常规加压溶气气浮系统快十倍以上,能耗减少30%。     

一种焦油氨水的旋流气浮分离装置

<正>本发明涉及一种焦油氨水的旋流气浮分离装置,包括进料泵、旋流分离器、气浮除油室、射流泵、射流器、溶气罐,进料泵设在旋流分离器之前,旋流分离器与气浮除油室连接,实现二级分离;气浮除油室连接射流泵引出部分液体,射流器与射流泵通过管道与溶气罐连接,用射流器引入氮气,氮气与射流泵引出的部分液体通过溶气罐充分混合,后由射流喷头射流释压打回气浮除油室。本发明的优点是:本发明结构和附属设备简单,占地面积小,处理量大,能耗低,分离效率可达85%以上。采用     

净水厂浮沉池设计关键技术优化

浮沉池技术可充分发挥气浮和沉淀两种工艺各自的长处,在应对北方地区地表水体季节性水质变化方面有其独特优势。文中对浮沉池净水系统中压力溶气系统、溶气释放系统和气浮(沉淀)分离系统三大组成中的关键技术设计要点进行了分析和总结,对浮沉池设计负荷、主要设计参数的选取以及结构形式等做了深入探讨,并提出了优化建议。     

Spraying蒸汽喷雾喷嘴在盐水精制上的应用

浅析了热法化盐的优点,介绍了Spraying蒸汽喷雾喷嘴在盐水加热上的应用情况,并与列管换热器进行了对比。     

Bubble formation in an annular granular jet dispersed by a central air round jet

An annular granular jet surrounding an air jet at its core is studied experimentally using high‐speed digital photography. The experimental results show that particle bubbles in a periodic manner are formed whether the central air is swirling or not. This flow feature is induced by the intense interaction between the central air jet and the annular granular jet, and it is important for the dispersion of particles by the air jet in the near field. The interaction between the two phases is mainly intensified by higher superficial air jet velocity and the addition of swirl to the central air jet. The bubbling frequency, bubble size, bubble shape, and bubble growth rate are investigated by analyzing a large number of images. In addition, the dispersion angle of granular jet is found to be mainly governed by the radial growth rate of the bubble. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1882–1893, 2013     

从洼里褐煤中提取腐植酸的绿色工艺研究

以山东龙口洼里褐煤为原料,采用碱溶酸析法提取腐植酸。研究了硝酸氧解、空气氧解、超声波三种预处理方法对腐植酸提取率的影响。得出了提取腐植酸的工艺参数:1%NaOH为抽提剂,煤样与硝酸的固液比为1:3,硝酸浓度为1.5mol/L,提取率达39.3%;在超声波条件下,空气氧化预处理80min,提取率达21.25%,此预处理工艺可减少硝酸用量,降低环境污染。     

马尾松预水解硫酸盐法制人造纤维浆粕工艺的研究

对马尾松制人造纤维浆粕过程中的预水解工艺进行研究,比较了不同液比、最高温度及保温时间的处理效果。研究结果表明:预水解最佳工艺条件为液比1:6;最高温度170℃;保温时间90min。蒸煮工艺采用常规硫酸盐法蒸煮,漂白采用全无氯(TCF)漂白。在此条件下,可获得性能优良的浆粕。     

碳酸钙渣中钙的溶出规律研究

通过配制不同摩尔比值的碳酸钙渣(碳酸钙的质量分数为87.29%)和硝酸进行反应,得到了钙的溶出规律,确定了硅和磷的溶出曲线,用MATLAB对数据作图,分别得到钙硅和钙磷的溶出差值三维图形。结果表明,在保证钙的较大溶出率条件下,碳酸钙渣和硝酸的最佳摩尔比为1∶1.8,从而为钙渣中活性钙的溶出工艺过程提供了参考标准。     

Nanofibers from gas-assisted polymer melt electrospinning

The concept of a gas-assisted polymer melt electrospinning process is presented. This technique allows for reduced quenching of the melt jet in the spinning region, and thus increasing the jet attenuation rate and resulting in production of sub-micron scale fibers. A comprehensive melt electrospinning model was used to analyze the effects of the heated air stream on the polymer jet. It was found that under the investigated conditions in electrospinning of polylactic acid (PLA) melt, air drag produced an additional 10% thinning compared to the un-assisted melt electrospinning process, and the heating provided by the air stream resulted in an additional 20-fold jet thinning.     

Experimental Study of Air Entrainment Rates due to Inclined Liquid Jets

The air entrainment rate due to inclined liquid jet plunging into a pool was investigated experimentally. Three types of fluids with varying physical properties in terms of viscosity and surface tension were utilized. For the impinging jet test section, nozzles with different inner diameters were selected. The inclination angles and liquid jet velocities at the nozzle outlet were varied and the entrained air rate was measured by the soap meniscus method. Taking the falling velocity of the liquid jet as a characteristic velocity, it was found that the air entrainment rate under the present experimental condition largely depended on the Weber number. From the obtained database, a new empirical model dependent on the Weber number and Laplace length scale is proposed which is capable of predicting the air entrainment flow rate at a mean absolute relative deviation of 21.7 %.     

纺粘法扁平狭缝牵伸器喷射流场的数值模拟

采用标准K-ε模型描述了纺粘法扁平狭缝流道牵伸器喷射流场的湍流运动,利用有限差分法对该模型求解。通过对6种纺粘法牵伸器喷嘴的喷射流场进行数值模拟,得到了相应的流场矢量图。分析流场矢量图发现,适当减小拉伸段宽度,增加喷射喷口长度,适当选择牵伸器喷口宽度和牵伸器的拉伸段长度,有利于提高气流速度,从而有利于对聚合物熔体进行气流拉伸,使纤维直径变细,提高纺粘法成网的质量。     

Detachment of droplets by air jet impingement

Surface cleaning using air jets is an appropriate method to remove particles from surfaces especially when cleaning by mechanical methods is not suitable. The detachment behavior of droplets using an air jet is not necessarily the same as solid particles and there is a lack of studies regarding this behavior. In this article, the detachment of droplets on a plastic substrate by air jet impingement was investigated experimentally. Droplets of two different size ranges were impinged by an air jet with different impinging angles. For micrometer-sized droplets, a smaller horizontal velocity was required to detach large droplets. Moreover, the horizontal velocity required to detach 50% number fraction of droplets decreased when the air jet impinging angle increased. Millimeter-sized droplets split into many portions. Most portions remained on the substrate and only a few were resuspended. The remaining portions were distributed in a fan shape, with larger droplets traveling further on the substrate. A linear lower bound of traveled distance was observed. Due to the splitting and the small fraction of resuspension, it should not be expected that air jet cleaning of droplets is the same as that for solid particles.

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