编辑词话

编辑部主任:王飞wang_fei@chip.cn三四月,春风荡,摄影人,在路上;走出去,带回来,驻留下,细心赏。拍风光,讲技巧,学大片,立意妙;小见大,大挪移,移情境,境无极。大美片,细思量,得佳作,技要强;高动态,低饱和,长曝光,全景旺。说联想,看联系,关系紧,更有力;多与少,讲对比,比色调,比心思。拍纪实,定主题,深挖掘,揣心理;潜意识,很重要,大时代,专题靠;言有物,物有主,意有形,形附属;稳准狠,是要点,轻技巧,重体验。整体感,计划性,章节式,故事成;单张片,何须恋,失选题,成遗憾。     

告别月光族 理财软件&工具新年大推荐

俗话说,“你不理财,财不理你“,很多朋友可能都清楚自己的收入,但却不知道自己的消费和支出,所以每个月下来都是“月光族“。这就是由于头脑中没有“理财“的概念引起的,在新的一年开始时,我们有必要共同来探讨一下个人理财的问题,广义的理财不但包括财产资金的管理,还包括利用现在的资金“生财“,但是由于投资顶目有风险,各行各业差别也很大,因此在市专题中,我们主要探讨狭义的理财,那就是对资金的管理,让账目更明确,让消费更理性,日常生活中不但要开源,更要节流,用心理财,你才能做到“心中有账,手里有财“,从此告别“月光族“!     

魔兽·社会·人

一个警察玩魔兽,后来殉职,有玩家在游戏里为他组织了葬礼,很多战友前来祭拜。重庆一个魔兽公会的会长在网上卖号,打算凑两三千块钱给妻子治病,结果无数玩家慷慨解囊。还有一些让人哭笑不得的妙人。比如三季稻,人称三哥,他是国服里的一个传奇人物,独来独往,专杀小号。他不参加任何公会,也不参加任何活动,没有人知道他的真实身份。有个联盟玩家给自己的ID起名叫部落不是东西,然后到处躲避部落的追杀,历尽艰辛,乐此不疲。还有一玩家一根筋要当大奸商,不练级,不打怪,只是在不同种族之间倒买倒卖,囤货居奇,最终控制整个服务器的经济命脉。其实,游戏和现实世界一样.不管是谁,总有点追求。在《魔兽世界》里,有人求升级,有人求装备,有人享受打到BOSS的过程,有人追求领导公会的快感,但也有BJ这样的游侠——他最大的乐趣是发掘游戏里面各种稀奇古怪的地方。他会一个人去爬山、游泳、客串做奸商,躲在没人的地方钓鱼,或者和小妹妹在山顶看日出。为了抓一只宠物,他可以在树下连续盯上40多个小时,如痴如醉,跟谈恋爱一样。走出游戏,又觉得自己很傻。BJ今年33岁,是一个程序员,家住南京,有家庭,有事业,热爱生活。     

评刊

《数码摄影》创刊于新世纪,是本年青的杂志,有年青的感觉,年青的朝气,也有年青的躁动。杂志是智者,面对是朋友,所以我喜欢看各种杂志的卷首语,如沐春风,如听秋雨,有所闻,有所感,很难得,张韬也好,登登也好,如能再精深一些,配图收录会是很不错的图文集。     

站在更高起点

品牌、广告、LOGO;视觉、形象、感性。当读图时代不可避免地到来,企业的形象识别,已跳离了标志的属性,无不关乎企业品质,俨然成为企业的精神图腾和价值地图。在消费时代,并不缺乏视觉饕餮,但是,我们觉得,珍馐美馔,更适合用细嚼慢咽的方式,来咂摸滋味,吸取营养。以后每周,我们将奉上一道精心烹饪的视觉大菜,色、香、味、营养,一应俱全。当然我们也希望您,把让自己齿颊留芳的菜品,写一纸小文,推荐给我们,与更多的读者分享。     

陈念贻先生永远活在我的心中

恩师陈念贻先生虽然永远离开了我们,但是他的音容笑貌,宛如昨日,历历在目。多少个节假日,他还在潜心研究,手不释卷?多少个夜晚,他还在著书立说,修订论文?陈先生一生酷爱科学研究,孜孜以求,不知疲倦。他学识渊博,文采飞扬,语言生动;虚怀若谷,学而不厌,诲人不倦;提携后学,循循善诱,令人感动。陈念贻先生1952年毕业于清华大学化学系,曾任中国科学院上海冶金研究所研究员、博士生导师,“中国科学”、“物理化学学报”编委,中国化学会计算机化学委员会     

IT笑话五则

网虫取钱网虫话费告罄,于是去银行取钱交费,填单完毕送入柜台,柜台小姐扫了一眼,退出来,曰:写上密码!网虫看了一眼单子,心中默念密码,在单子上写下********符号,送入柜台,一会儿又被退回,单子抬头空白处写有:无法建立连接,请检查用户名或密码,然后再重试。超级解密专家     

网络谱写轻松传奇

高楼万丈平地起,在网络化和电子商务的时代,信息系统最重要的基础设施包括各种服务器和终端,以及网络设备等。它们是实现办公自动化的先决条件。有了这些设备,您每天坐在PC前,用鼠标指指点点,就可以完成各种日常工作,远到合作伙伴,近至邻桌同仁,不分时间和地点,可以随时沟通。因此,您的方案和计划,通过服务器,得以准确地展现,通过网络,得以快速地发送,最终得到完美地实现。的确,现代办公让人拥有从未有过的巨大能力,不由您赞叹现代办公的魅力和轻松!IT的发展日新月异,促使您的办公也越来越轻松。下面,让我们走到信息系统的后台,看看里面发生了什么变化。     

2014 这四宗事你准备好了吗?

正2013年蹒跚走远,2014全新驾到,在这除旧迎新的时节里,有太的多事需要我们去做,比如购物,比如给亲友祝福,比如自己的吃喝玩乐,面对它们,我们真的准备好了么?1购物篇,疯狂更要少花钱忙了一年了,谁说不应该趁这个辞旧迎新的日子败败家?不过,购物虽好,精打细算仍很重要,如果花十元钱能买下的东西,你非花一百元买下,那就不是土豪般的潇洒,而是脑袋被驴踢了似的悲哀了。所以买东西时必须要货比三家,此外,有些网店为了能够吸引更多的人气,同时也     

思域第34金

收到佛山亨城发过来的案例时,已是8月17日,中国队取得的金牌数已经让国人都振奋了。然而,好戏还在后头呢!这天的男单羽毛球决赛,中国选手林丹对阵马来西亚选手李宗伟,他们的世界排名分明是第一和第二位,在以往赛事中,彼此都有输赢,就在今年上半年公开赛上,林丹发挥状态不佳,不敌李宗伟,痛失冠军头衔,而这次又相遇奥运决赛上……如此高水准的较量,能不     

Conversion method and system

In the classical conversion method, the light that passes the medium is converted to the photosignal. Then, it is amplified by an amplifier having linear characteristics. Considering the amplitude of the amplified signal, the measured parameter is determined. In the proposed conversion method, the intensity of the reference light that falls on the medium is inversely modulated with respect to the absorption function. The intensity of the light used for the measurement is kept constant. The intensity modulated reference light and the measurement light, which are in inverse phases, pass through the medium subsequently. Then, they are detected by a photodetector. At the output of the photodetector, the phase changing instant of the obtained signal and the duration between the starting instant of the reference light and the phase changing instant are determined. Considering this duration, the value of the measured parameter is determined. The proposed conversion method linearizes the conversion phenomenon. The photodetector does only detect the instant at which the reference light and the measurement light are similar. The photodetector operates as an indicator. The measured parameter is converted to the pulse duration or the number of pulses. The value of the measured parameter can be directly obtained at the output of the photodetector. The comparison and the mathematical operations are directly achieved on lights. Analysis of the proposed method and application examples are given in the paper.     

Numerical and experimental study of the virtual quadrupedal walking robot-semiquad

SemiQuad is a prototyped walking robot with a platform and two double-link legs. Thus, it is a five-link mechanism. The front leg models identical motions of two quadruped's front legs, the back leg models identical motions of two quadruped's back legs. The legs have passive (uncontrolled) feet that extend in the frontal plane. Due to this the robot is stable in the frontal plane. This robot can be viewed as a "virtual" quadruped. Four DC motors drive the mechanism. Its control system comprises a computer, hardware servo-systems and power amplifiers. The locomotion of the prototype is planar curvet gait. In the double support our prototype is statically stable and over actuated. In the single support it is unstable and under actuated system. There is no flight phase. We describe here the scheme of the mechanism, the characteristics of the drives and the control strategy. The dynamic model of the planar walking is recalled for the double, single support phases and for the impact instant. An intuitive control strategy is detailed. The designed control strategy overcomes the difficulties appeared due to unstable and under actuated motion in the single support.Due to the control algorithm the walking regime consists of the alternating different phases. The sequence of these phases is the following. A double support phase begins. A fast bend and unbend of the front leg allows a lift-off of the front leg. During the single support on the back leg the distance between the two leg tips increases. Then an impact occurs and a new double support phase begins. A fast bend and unbend of the back leg allows the lift-off of the back leg. During the single support on the front leg the distance between the two leg tips decreases to form a cyclic walking gait.The experiments give results that are close to those of the simulation.Funding for SemiQuad was primarily provided by the CNRS and the region Pays de La Loire.     

Designing the rule classification with oversampling approach with high accuracy for imbalanced data in semiconductor production lines

The product quality is the major factor for enhancing the production ability and competitiveness. Decreasing the cost and increasing production capacity are common approaches to realize the enhancement of the product quality. The production managers apply various multimedia data to evaluate the product quality. For example, capturing the stamping sound to evaluate the correct cutting and taking the component image to measure the chip positions are common heterogeneous multimedia data that are applied to manufacturing. However, the production managers prefer to minimize the number of defective products, e. g. the secondary operation and fixing the product tolerance in the assembly stage, to fitting the production target. Therefore, contrasting the defective product identification procedure with high accuracy becomes a challenge due to the decrease of the number of the defective products. In this paper, we propose the Rule Classification with Oversampling (RCOS) approach to provide the high accuracy with few defective products. The proposed RCOS includes the oversampling technique and the rule classification approach to emphasize the properties of the defective products and provide the precise classes. Given few defective products, capturing the properties of the failure is difficult. The RCOS considers the revised Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) to highlight the failure properties, and then the rule model is considered to extract the root cause of the defective products. We implement the proposed RCOS in the semiconductor production line. From the experiment results, the proposed RCOS provide about at most 98% in accuracy, and the comparison shows that the results have been improved in common criteria e. g. the true-positive rate, G mean, F1 score, and False Alarm Rate. Therefore, the proposed RCOS provides high practicality for the implementation consideration.

     

一种基于二维可逆映射的图像加密算法

提出了二维可逆映射在图像加密中的应用.可以通过置乱图像像素位置实现图像加密.二维可逆映射可以高效地实现图像像素置乱.二维可逆映射由压缩拉伸和折叠两个子映射组成.压缩拉伸映射,使原始图像变换成线,折叠映射使线变换成图.所有可逆映射构成了可逆映射集合.经过扩散处理改变像素值,实现图像加密.二维可逆映射的引入扩大了密钥空间,并增强了对密钥变化的敏感度.新的加密方法提高了加密图像的安全性且加快了加密速度.仿真验证了二维可逆映射图像加密算法的有效性.     

FB-CS模型的两层嵌套机动目标跟踪算法

针对转弯机动目标,提出了一种两层模型嵌套的跟踪算法.算法的内层模型由基于函数的“当前”统计(Function based current statistic,FB-CS)模型构成,该模型在“当前”统计(Current statistic,CS)模型的基础上,通过加权一个以新息方差之迹为参数的活化函数,对加速度方差和机动频率进行自适应处理,再针对目标的速度方向角进行滤波,将获得的角速度估计值作为外层的输入;外层模型由曲线模型构成,其方向角度、角速度和角加速度由内层模型提供.由于既准确估计目标的角速度,又设计了合理的运动模型,算法显著提高了转弯机动目标的跟踪精度.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

Passive mixing of co-flowing slugs in grooved microchannels

The anisotropic grooves in a microchannel induce spiral circulation around the flow axis. The stretch and fold of the streams result in a passive mixing. This article describes the effectiveness of induced crossflow, arising from the grooves, placed at the floor of the microchannel. The results from numerical simulation show the extent of local mixing achieved at various positions around the groove. The emphasis here is to understand the mixing when the two streams enter the channel, and displace air while flowing alongside each other. Microchannels with slanted grooves and staggered herringbone type grooves are considered here. The FLUENT 6.2 software and the Open FOAM software were used for the simulation. The latter was primarily utilized for tracking of the interface when a liquid slug displaced air from the micromixer. At a Reynold’s number of about 1.0, low velocity pockets could be identified near the two ends of the ridges. These pockets did not support crossflow and mixing. The herringbone type micromixer was found to have the best mixing effectiveness, when the advection dominates mixing. This advantage is mostly lost at the higher values of diffusivity, as a crossflow became less important for mixing. These observations were made when one of the streams is 1.5 times more viscous than the other, and the mixture-rule governed the viscosity of the mixed stream. When the liquid front enters the microchannel for the first time, the front had to displace air from the channel. At first, the upper part of the channel was swept. This was immediately followed by the sweeping of the groove-part in the floor. Higher hydraulic resistance in the grooves resulted in this non-uniform movement of the front. The co-flow of streams could either be continuous over the entire length of the channel, or in the form of slugs that maintained an interface with air. At a particular position in the channel, the extents of mixing were compared for the two modes of co-flow. The extent of mixing was found smaller in the slug, next to the interface with air. Lack of axial dispersion with preceding liquid stream seems to be the reason for this trend.     

粗糙集理论在故障诊断中的问题分析

粗糙集理论能对系统中的冗余信息进行约简,但其处理过程完全基于样本集,样本集的完备性对其处理结果有直接影响.对粗糙集理论及其在故障诊断中属性约简存在的问题进行了分析,通过实例证明了在故障样本集不完备的情况下,利用粗糙集进行的属性约简会由于新故障样本的引入而导致前后约简结果的不一致,从而影响诊断的准确性;指出了该问题产生的关键原因及解决的办法,并给出了相关的实现算法,以提高系统的故障诊断自适应性.     

Sensor system of a small biped entertainment robot

SDR-4X II is the latest prototype model of a small biped entertainment robot. It is the improved model of SDR-4X. In this paper we report on the sensing system of this robot, which is important and essential for a small biped entertainment robot which will be used in the home environment. One technology is the design of the motion sensing system, i.e. the inclination sensor system and the force sensor system which obtains the inclination of the trunk and the foot with force. Another technology is the real-world sensing system. One aspect is the touch sensing system. The robot is used in a normal home environment, so we should strongly consider the safety aspects for human. Another is the vision sensor system. The configuration and the distance image acquisition are explained. Next is the audio sensor system which obtains the sound and the voice information. The hardware system and the direction recognition are explained. These sensing systems are the key to making the biped robot walking and dynamic motion highly stable, and understanding the real-world around the robot.     

机器人足球比赛截球策略设计

在机器人世界杯足球锦标赛(TheRobotWorldCup,简称RoboCup)中,截球效率直接影响到比赛的结果。通过足球截球模型,建立方程,从而求出截球位置。解方程的根是提高截球效率的关键,本文采用高效的弦割法来快速计算方程的根。试验发现方程曲线的变化对弦割法解方程根的效率有很大影响,曲线的形状直接影响了弦割法的收敛速度。为加速收敛性,对弦割法进行了优化。最后与优化前的弦割法以及二分法进行了比较,结果表明优化后整体性更为高效,很好地满足了比赛的要求。     

Greedy algorithms for eigenvalue optimization problems in shape design of two-density inhomogeneous materials

This paper studies the eigenvalue optimization problems in the shape design of the two-density inhomogeneous materials. Two types of greedy algorithms are proposed to solve three optimization problems in finite element discretization. In the first type, the whole domain is initialized by one density. For each problem of the eigenvalue optimizations, we define a measurement of the element, which is the criterion to determine the ‘best’ element. We change the density of the ‘best’ element to the other density. Then the algorithm repeats the procedure until the area constraint is satisfied. In the second type, the algorithm begins with the density distribution satisfying the area constraint. Also, according to the measurement of the element, the algorithm finds a pair of the ‘best’ elements and exchanges their densities between each other. Furthermore, the accelerating greedy algorithms are proposed to speed up both two types. Three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results.