冷头温度对新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行性能影响的研究

介绍了气动分置式斯特林制冷机性能实验样机的组成、主要结构参数和试验结果，并对试验结果进行了分析，在新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行中，冷头起着进行负反馈调节的桥梁作用。     

气动分置式斯特林制冷机被动减振技术研究

论述了斯特林制冷机的振动来源和振动特性,利用梁模型计算了冷指的自然频率,理论上给出了动力吸振器的设计方法,得出在气动分置式斯特林制冷机中被动减振方法具有优势.根据分析设计了动力吸振器,通过实验验证了动力吸振器可以有效的抑制制冷机地振动输出.     

冷头温度对新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行性能影响的研究

介绍了气动分置式斯特林制冷机性能实验样机的组成、主要结构参数和试验结果,并对试验结果进行了分析,在新型气动分置式斯特林制冷机运行中,冷头起着进行负反馈调节的桥梁作用。     

狭缝调相式气动分置式斯特林制冷机的运行性能

本文首先介绍了我们提出的具有狭缝调相器的气动分置式斯特林制冷机 ,并与传统气动分置式斯特林制冷机进行了对比 ,最后给出并分析了整机性能试验结果 ,试验证明该制冷机可以满足在液氮温区工作的需要     

6 W大冷量斯特林制冷机的实验研究

基于实验分析了大冷量分置式斯特林制冷机的动力特性和热力特性,详细讨论了对制冷机性能有重要影响的参数如固有频率、工作频率、相位角、充气压力、排出器位移等.样机采用牛津型斯特林制冷机结构,在93 W输入功率下初步获得6 W/90 K的性能.     

低振动大冷量气动斯特林制冷机的设计与试验研究

介绍了一台由中国科学院上海技术物理研究所研制的低振动大冷量气动斯特林制冷机,该制冷机由直线型动磁压缩机和低振动的气动膨胀机组成。基于气动斯特林制冷机的机构特征,建立了相应的数值模型,通过大量的参数设计及热力学优化,得到了最优的制冷机结构尺寸。该制冷机经过了设计、制作及实验阶段,试验结果表明,实验样机在123 W交流电功输入下可达到80 K@6 W的制冷性能,比卡诺效率13.4%,此时冷指振动力仅为2.35 N。     

一种气动弹簧内置结构的斯特林制冷机设计

设计了一台100 W/77 K的分置式大冷量斯特林制冷机,其中气动弹簧组内置于空心排出器中,缩小了膨胀机的轴向尺寸。热端膨胀腔与压缩腔之间通过辐射状分布的分离式"明渠"结构通气槽连通,降低了加工难度。压缩机为对置式双气浮活塞结构,最大输入功率2 kW。介绍了该制冷机的热力设计和动力设计,给出了参数设计结果,最后分析了压缩机各类损失对制冷效率的影响。模拟结果表明,在1 064 W的PV功下,制冷机77 K可以获得104 W制冷量,当压缩机效率大于85%,热端温度20℃时,电功消耗小于1 252 W,比卡诺效率大于23%。     

在经典极限下量子斯特林制冷机的优化

经济利润率是评价一个实际热力装置的主要指标之一。将有限时间热力学，非平衡量子统计理论和yong经济学相结合，导出了量子斯特林制冷机的最大利润率以及对应的性能界限，其结果与实际斯特林制冷机的优化设计和模型评估提供了一个最佳的预选方案。     

热阻和回热损失对铁电斯特林制冷机的(火用)经济优化性能的影响

应用有限时间Yong分析法，研究热阻及回热损失对铁电斯特林制冷机Yong经济优化性能的影响。利用铁电晶体的热力学特性，考虑传热规律服从牛顿定律，得到铁电斯特林制冷机的基本优化关系。以利润率为目标，导得最大利润率情况时的制冷系数及其他性能参数，所得结论可为铁电斯特林制冷机的研制和设计提供指导。     

一类斯特林制冷机的（εR）max

导出一类以理想气体为工质．且具有传热不可逆性和回热损失的不可逆斯特林制冷机的（εＲ）ｍａｘ，并作些有意义的讨论，同时还指出一些文献中的错误．所得结论可为气体斯特林制冷机的优化设计和最佳工作状态选择时参考．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from