纺锤形ZrO2纳米粒子的制备与生长机理研究

以ZrOCl2·8H2O和NaOH为原料,用水热法在200℃,12h下合成了单斜相纺锤形ZrO2纳米粒子,并通过改变相关实验条件,对ZrO2纳米粒子的形成机理进行了研究。利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子能谱（EDS）等分析手段进行表征,结果表明,此方法合成的纺锤形ZrO2纳米粒子结晶形较好,纯度高,且能大量合成。     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的醋酸改性对其催化高氯酸铵热分解的影响

利用表面改性法对Fe2O3纳米粒子进行醋酸改性,用TEM和纳米粒度测试仪对Fe2O3纳米粒子进行了形貌和粒度表征,用FTIR和XPS对改性后的Fe2O3纳米粒子进行了结构表征,用DTA研究了醋酸改性处理对Fe2O3纳米粒子的高氯酸铵(AP)热分解催化性能的影响.结果表明,用凝胶-溶胶法制备了平均粒径为40nm,窄粒度分布的Fe2O3纳米粒子,醋酸改性处理改善了Fe2O3纳米粒子的分散性.FTIR和XPS结果表明,Fe2O3纳米粒子与醋酸分子发生了化学键合.DTA结果表明,Fe2O3纳米粒子的醋酸改性能提高Fe2O3纳米粒子的AP热分解催化性能;随着Fe2O3纳米粒子含量的增加,醋酸改性的效果越明显.     

纳米氧化物粒子改善PP-R树脂性能的规律

以粒度相当、分散性能相似的纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2、纳米Al2O3和纳米ZnO等4种纳米氧化物粒子为填料,采用相同工艺来改善PP-R树脂各项性能,尤其是耐热性能和力学性能.研究结果表明,纳米粒子对PP-R树脂的改性效果顺序是:纳米ZnO＞纳米TiO2＞纳米Al2O3＞纳米SiO2;纳米氧化物粒子的极性对PP-R树脂的性能有显著影响,在排除纳米粒子的粒度、分散性和复合材料制备工艺等因素的影响前提下,纳米粒子的极性越强,改性效果越好.     

表面包覆的纳米氧化锌制备及应用

采用在纳米氧化锌前驱体碱式碳酸锌表面进行原位包覆的方法,分别制备了表面包覆氧化铝和氧化铋的复合纳米氧化锌.表面包覆氧化铝可以有效降低纳米氧化锌的光催化活性;表面包覆氧化铋的纳米氧化锌可以提供均匀的氧化铋环境,有助于促进ZnO-Bi2O3压敏陶瓷的烧结.     

亲油性金纳米粒子的合成

利用相转移法成功地合成了粒径在2～7nm的硫醇表面修饰Au纳米粒子.采用透射电子显微镜、纳米粒度分布仪、红外光谱分析仪等现代测试技术对所合成的Au纳米粒子进行了表征.结果表明,表面为硫醇所修饰的Au纳米粒子,在有机溶剂中具有很好的分散性,表面修饰层的存在不仅有效地阻止Au纳米粒子的团聚,而且使得纳米粒子粒径分布窄,粒径可控.     

纳米AgCl水溶胶的制备与表征

采用沉淀法制备了AgCl纳米粒子水溶胶,对制备水溶胶的条件进行了系统地研究.TEM分析表明,AgCl纳米粒子呈球形,粒径小于30 nm,粒度分布均匀,无明显团聚现象;ED分析表明,AgCl纳米粒子为多晶结构,其中有少量的发育较好的单晶颗粒存在.     

无定形纳米ZrO2表面改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得粒径为57nm的无定形纳米ZrO2粒子.用硅烷偶联剂KH560、KH570、A151、钛酸酯、硬脂酸等表面活性剂对其表面进行修饰.修饰后对改性效果进行激光粒度,红外光谱,扫描电镜,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析.实验证明:A151改性效果较好,改性后无机纳米粒子表面的羟基和有机集团发生化学键结合,无机纳米粒子表面性质由亲水憎油向亲油憎水转变.     

前驱体法制备螺旋纳米碳纤维及性能研究

以酒石酸铜为催化剂前驱体,乙炔为碳源,采用化学气相沉积法在石墨基体上制备螺旋纳米碳纤维。通过综合热分析仪、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪等手段对反应产物的分解温度、形貌和物相结构进行表征。结果表明:酒石酸铜热分解铜纳米粒子的初期温度为270~350℃;在450℃热分解获得的铜粒子粒径分布在40~120nm之间,分散性良好。螺旋纳米碳纤维的形貌与合成温度存在相关性,过低或过高的温度都不利于其生长,尤以450℃为最佳。在450℃制得的螺旋规则、形貌均匀,直径分布在40~120nm之间,表明分散性良好的铜催化剂粒子有利于优质螺旋纳米碳纤维的合成。     

种子乳液聚合法改性纳米TiO2及其表征

采用种子乳液聚合法对纳米TiO2进行表面改性，将甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆在纳米TiO2表面，形成TiO2／PMMA复合粒子。采用FT-IR、XRD、XPS、TEM和激光粒度等分析手段对所得产物的形貌、尺寸、所携带官能团及表面元素变化情况进行了表征。结果表明复合粒子呈现核壳结构，粒子的粒径分布、团聚现象和分散性都得到改善。     

薄层钝化纳米铝粒子研究

采用蒸发冷凝方法制备纳米铝粉,由于其表面具有很高的活性,对所制备的纳米铝粒子进行了表面钝化.采用小角X射线散射测定纳米铝粉粒度,SEM、TEM、HRTEM、XRD、ED等方法分析钝化纳米铝的形貌、化学组成和结构.结果表明,所制备的钝化纳米铝的平均粒度为80nm,ED分析有Al和Al2O3的衍射斑点但,Al2O3的含量较少,与XRD的分析结果一致,HRTEM可见在Al颗粒的表面形成了厚度小于5nm的均匀氧化膜.     

晶型控制剂对纳米氧化镁形貌的影响

对晶型控制剂的种类及用量进行对比,通过形貌和物相的表征和分析,研究晶型控制剂对纳米氧化镁形貌及分散作用的影响。结果表明:采用羧基类和羟类两种晶型控制剂,一羧基类和一羟基类晶型控制剂生成纳米氧化镁为球形,团聚严重;而多羧基类和多羟类晶型控制剂均有利于纳米氧化镁颗粒沿片状分布;加入不同用量的晶型控制剂,乙二胺四乙酸用量为6 mg/L时,有利于纳米氧化镁颗粒沿片状分布,且氧化镁晶粒度仅为26.13 nm,聚乙二醇用量为1.2 mg/L时较利于纳米氧化镁生成片状。     

Effect of spark plasma sintering on microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-based varistors

Conditions for the elaboration of varistors by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are investigated, using 70 nm zinc oxide nano-particles. For this purpose, the system constituted of zinc oxide, bismuth oxide and other metal oxide is used. Material sintering has been performed by SPS at various temperatures and dwell times. Determination of the microstructure and chemical composition of the as-prepared ceramics are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Micro-structural analysis revealed the presence of ZnO, spinel and bismuth rich phases. ZnO based Varistor samples sintered within climb speeds 100 and 400 °C/min are compared. The nonlinear electrical characteristics, current–voltage, are measured. The breakdown voltage of the varistors strongly depends on grain sizes. The results show that the best varistors are obtained by SPS at sintering temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 °C.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> by tartarate gel method

A gel was formed when a mixture of TiOCl₂ and tartaric acid was heated on a water bath. Ultrafine powders of TiO₂ in the anatase phase were formed, when the gel was decomposed at 623 K and the mole ratio of tartaric acid to titanium was 2. The anatase phase was converted into rutile phase on annealing at higher temperatures, > 773 K. When initial ratio of titanium to tartaric acid was < 2, the decomposition of gel leads to the formation of mixed phases of rutile and anatase. However, pure rutile phase was not formed by the decomposition of gel for any ratio of tartaric acid and titanium. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface area measurements. The average particle size obtained for anatase phase was 3 nm whereas it was 30 nm for rutile phase. Raman scattering experiments were also performed to confirm both anatase and rutile phases.     

凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备纳米La_2O_2CO_3粉体

研究一种以溶胶-凝胶作为前躯体制备纳米La2O2CO3粉体的新方法,以柠檬酸和硝酸镧为原料,采用凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备纳米La2O2CO3粉体,并利用X射线衍射、差热分析、透射电镜等手段对合成产物进行表征,确定最佳的工艺条件。结果表明:在前驱溶液的pH值为2,烘干温度为400℃,煅烧温度为600℃时,可以制备出平均晶粒尺寸为30 nm的La2O2CO3颗粒,且粉体的粒径均匀,粒径分布狭窄。     

火焰CVD法制备纳米TiO_2颗粒材料的尺寸特征

用TEM图像颗粒计数的方法,研究了工业丙烷/空气火焰CVD法制备纳米TiO_2颗粒材料的尺寸特征,得到了O_2/C_3H_8摩尔比在2．5～9之间,TiCl_4质量流量在0．06～0．135g/min之间的不同操作条件下16个工况的颗粒频率尺寸分布和累积尺寸分布。测量结果表明,工业丙烷/空气火焰CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2颗粒的尺寸分布接近正态分布,平均粒径(d_(50))在15～50 nm之间、相对尺寸分布宽度在0．2～0．6之间。对平均粒径的分析结果表明,工业丙烷/空气火焰CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2颗粒的平均尺寸,和CO/O_2火焰CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2和纳米SiO_2颗粒的平均粒径与颗粒长大准数可关联为d_(50)=1．35(1十N_(grw))~(1/3)。     

Synthesis of silica nanocubes by sol–gel method

A novel approach was employed in the fabrication of silica nanocubes with controlled size and shape. The silica nanocubes were highly dispersed with width of about 30 nm and product with high purity. A small amount of tartaric acid was introduced in the TEOS hydrolysis process. In this work tartaric acid as the organic template, was formed on the surface of hydrous silica colloidal particles. The organic template ordered by carboxyl, led to the self-assembly of amorphous silica sol encapsulated into cubic matrixes, and the organic template was packed into 3D structure.     

油酸对微波水热法制备的纳米Fe_3O_4的影响

采用微波水热法制备纳米Fe3O4,并用油酸对其进行表面改性,获得油酸包覆的Fe3O4纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM和振动样品磁强计对Fe3O4纳米粒子的结构、形貌、磁性能进行表征。结果表明:表面改性使得油酸分子中—COOH和Fe离子形成化学键;改性后的纳米Fe3O4粒子为粒度均匀的球形,具有良好的分散性,平均粒径约8nm;该产物具有超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度为61.8emu/g。     

Interfacial interaction of tartaric acid with hydroxyapatite and enamel

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interfacial interaction of tartaric acid with hydroxyapatite and enamel. Hydroxyapatite particles were mixed with 15% (w/v) alcohol-aqueous (1:1) solution of tartaric acid for 72 h. After the mixture, the filtrate was separated from the solid. The filtrate, the solid, hydroxyapatite, and tartaric acid were dried for FTIR and XRD analysis. Enamel disks etched with tartaric acid for 60 s were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance (ATR). Enamel disks etched with 15% tartaric acid for 15, 30, 60, 120 s were analyzed by SEM. FTIR spectra showed carboxylate in the solid and in subtraction spectra. ATR spectra revealed carboxylate on the enamel surfaces. XRD data indicated the formation of calcium tartrate and calcium hydrogen phosphate after the reaction of tartaric acid with hydroxyapatite. SEM observations revealed typical decalcification of the periphery of the enamel rods due tartaric acid etching. It is concluded that tartaric acid can decalcify and chemisorb onto HA simultaneously, hence, tartaric acid could be used as etchant and ingredient of self-etching primers in adhesive dentistry.     

改性干燥法制备纳米氧化镁粉体的研究

以六水氯化镁和尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备出氢氧化镁沉淀,利用不同改性干燥法除去沉淀中的湿分,再将干燥的氢氧化镁粉体经马弗炉煅烧得到纳米氧化镁粉体,通过透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪的表征与分析,研究了改性干燥方式对纳米氧化镁粉体形貌、颗粒尺寸和团聚情况的影响,讨论了改性干燥的基本原理和改性剂的作用。研究结果表明,改性干燥方式对纳米氧化镁颗粒形貌和大小的影响不大,对其颗粒间团聚状态影响很大。     

反相微乳液法制备纳米四水羟基硝酸氧铋

用Triton X-100/正己醇/环己烷/盐溶液的四元反相微乳液体系制备了纳米四水羟基硝酸氧铋((Bi6O4(OH)4)(NO3)6(H2O)4),研究了不同比例Triton X-100、正己醇、环己烷对微乳液体系的影响,绘制了反相微乳液体系的拟三元相图,确定了室温下微乳液法制取纳米四水羟基硝酸氧铋的最佳条件,制备出了棒状和片状两种产物,利用TEM、IR、XRD、TG-DSC等手段对产物的结构和性能进行了表征.