高山红景天愈伤组织中红景天甙的微波破细胞提取

高山红景天愈伤组织经1 min微波处理后,室温下用水提取10 min,可将红景天甙充分提取出来. 与传统提取方法相比,微波破细胞提取具有提取时间短、不需加热、提取液中的杂质少等优点.     

海藻中活性成分的提取及防晒霜的制备

以一定浓度的乙醇作为提取剂,采用水浴浸提的方法提取海藻中活性成分。通过正交试验设计及方差分析确定吸光度达最佳的活性成分提取条件为:提取温度55℃;提取时间30 min;料液质量比(mg/g)1:5;提取剂浓度(质量分数)20%。结果显示料液比及提取液浓度对吸光度有显著性影响。将提取物作为天然防晒活性成分设计防晒霜配方并制备得到防晒霜,通过紫外吸收光谱检测可知含有活性成分提取物的防晒霜对紫外光的吸收程度高于未添加提取液防晒霜以及市售SPF 26防晒霜。     

红景天苷和酪醇的DES同步提取优化和回收

以深共熔溶剂(Deep Eutectic Solvent,DES)-水混合物(LAEG40)作为提取溶剂,红景天苷提取率为主要指标,酪醇提取率为辅助指标,在前期单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法考察了液料比、提取温度、提取时间3个主要因素对红景天中红景天苷和酪醇同步提取的影响。得到的最佳提取条件为:液料比12.05∶1〔液体体积(mL)与固料质量(g)的比值,下同〕,提取温度60℃,提取时间35 min。在该条件下,LAEG40对红景天苷的提取率可达到19.3552±0.6604 mg/g,酪醇提取率可达到1.7211±0.0585 mg/g,远高于传统溶剂水、乙醇对红景天苷和酪醇的提取率。为实现LAEG40提取红景天苷和酪醇的回收,进行了大孔树脂吸附分离的研究。经过一系列优化,获得的最佳吸附分离条件为:选用SP-825树脂装柱,每10 g树脂上样30 mL LAEG40提取液,洗脱剂选用体积分数为80%乙醇,洗脱体积40 mL,洗脱流速1 mL/min,在该条件下红景天苷和酪醇的回收率分别可达60.47%和85.07%。     

流动注射化学发光法研究桔子皮提取液的抗氧化性

以桔子皮为原料,研究提取桔子皮活性物质的最佳工艺及其抗氧化性.采取超声辅助法对桔子皮中消除超氧阴离子的活性物质进行提取,通过单因素实验对提取工艺进行了优化,利用Luminol-邻苯三酚-Na2CO3化学发光体系评价了桔子皮提取液消除超氧阴离子的能力.结果表明,在温度为60℃、80％的乙醇为提取剂、料液比为1:20、超声30 min提取5 h条件下,提取液消除超氧阴离子的能力达到最高.     

红景天发酵原浆化妆品的制备及其功效性和安全性研究

以红景天根为材料,利用黄酒酵母,制备了红景天发酵原浆化妆品并对其理化性质以及功效性和安全性进行了研究。通过HPLC技术、自由基清除试验及酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验、人体封闭式斑贴试验等对其进行理化性质、抗氧化、美白功效及安全性分析。结果发现:通过HPLC分析得到其多肽相对分子质量为278.2 Da,其多糖质量比含量为7.6 g/kg,蛋白质质量比含量为4 g/kg,DPPH自由基清除率IC50为1.97%,10%水溶液的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为80%;人体封闭式斑贴试验表明其有较好的皮肤安全性。这表明开发的红景天发酵原浆化妆品具有美白和抗氧化功效,这种活性肽相对分子质量较小,更易于被皮肤吸收,且对人体具有较好的安全性。     

银杏外种皮制备生物农药提取工艺及应用研究

研究了以银杏外种皮为原料,采用乙醇等有机溶剂和水为溶剂提取银杏酚酸类活性成分的工艺过程,用薄层色谱扫描法测试产品中银杏酸类成分的含量,通过正交试验得到了提取工艺过程优化的工艺条件。结果证明乙醇是一种理想的提取溶剂,该提取液经对5种植物病菌和5种植物病虫生物活性测定表明:对3种植物病菌和2种植物病虫有良好的药效。     

基于正交试验设计优化朱砂根2种成分提取工艺研究

目的:正交试验法优选朱砂根药材2种成分最佳提取工艺.方法:以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间考察因素,采用HPLC-ELSD法测定2种成分提取含量,以岩白菜素和百两金皂苷B提取含量为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法优选朱砂根药材2种成分提取工艺.结果:影响朱砂根药材2种成分提取含量主次顺序为B(料液比)>C(提取时间...     

红景天提取物应用于化妆品的生化和细胞学功效评价

通过生物化学和细胞学手段评价红景天提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制、DPPH自由基清除、黑色素抑制、抗衰老等功效。结果表明,红景天提取液体积分数为0.1%、0.5%、1%和5%时,酪氨酸酶抑制率分别为15%、48%、57%和72%;在体积分数为0.125%和0.25%时,红景天提取液的DPPH自由基的清除率达到了71%和86%;倒置显微镜细胞形态观察和黑色素含量检测表明,红景天提取物能够显著地减少小鼠B16和人G361细胞黑色素的生成;同时,红景天提取物能够显著促进1079SK成纤维细胞增殖,提高了18.93%,对皮肤1079SK成纤维细胞UVA光损伤的具有显著的保护作用;0.05 g/L的红景天提取物能够显著促进Ha Cat细胞ATP的形成,ATP相对地增加了19%。这说明,红景天具有美白、抗衰老、抗氧化以及促进皮肤表皮细胞活性等功效,在日用化妆品中有很大的应用和开发价值。     

红景天提取物的护肤功效及安全性评价研究

研究红景天提取物的护肤功效及安全性。通过DPPH自由基清除实验验证红景天提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明，在一定浓度范围内，红景天提取物可有效消除DPPH自由基和活性氧，对氧化损伤的细胞发挥保护作用，具有一定的抗氧化作用；通过弹性蛋白酶抑制率验证红景天提取物维持皮肤弹性的作用，红景天提取物可有效抑制弹性蛋白酶活性；通过酪氨酸酶活性抑制率和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞黑色素消除率验证红景天提取物对黑色素生成的抑制作用，红景天提取物可显著抑制酪氨酸酶活性、延缓黑色素生成，存在潜在的美白功效；通过人体皮肤重复性开放型涂抹试验验证红景天提取安全性，结果表明48 h后无受试者出现皮肤不良反应，证明在一定浓度范围内，红景天提取物对人体皮肤无刺激性。     

蓖麻提取物对蔬菜害虫的生物活性

采用不同提取方法从蓖麻籽中提取各种成分用于蔬菜害虫的杀虫试验。结果表明蓖麻碱对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性明显优于其他蓖麻毒性成分。对菜青虫杀虫活性二者活性相近,前者略优于后者,对小菜蛾的杀虫活性后者优于前者。根据本实验结果,与蓖麻提取物各种成分分开使用相比,采用蓖麻提取液的混合成分进行杀虫,宽杀虫谱更广,药效更高。     

构树提取物的美白活性研究

桑科植物构树的根皮提取物具有较好的美白功效。将90％（体积分数,下同）乙醇提取的构树提取物用适量的去离子水混悬后,上样HPD-400大孔吸附树脂柱,分别用水、30％乙醇、60N乙醇及95％乙醇洗脱,得Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ四个部位。体外蘑菇酪氨酸酶试验表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和IV四个部位均具有一定的酪氨酸酶活性抑制作用,其中部位Ⅲ的抑制作用最强,其IC50值为12．5μg／mL。在B16细胞中,相同浓度下部位Ⅲ表现出最强的抑制酪氨酸酶活性和抑制黑色素合成的作用。因此,构树提取物通过HPD-400大孔吸附树脂得到的部位Ⅲ成分,可作为美白原料用于化妆品的开发。     

滩涂海泥美容功效体系制备条件的研究

采集浙江舟山秀山的滩涂海泥,通过水浸提、过滤、离心沉降处理制备水溶体系,采用BCS-Trolox法测定体系的总抗氧化性能,采用酪氨酸酶法评价体系的美白功效,研究了制备水溶体系时温度、pH、时间和转速对体系的抗氧化性能和美白功效的影响。结果表明,温度对海泥水溶体系的抗氧化性能有显著影响,pH和提取时间对抗氧化性能的影响不显著,优化抗氧化性能的水溶体系制备条件为:温度75℃,pH=5,时间10 m in;温度和提取时间对海泥水溶体系的美白功效有显著影响,pH对美白功效的影响不显著,优化美白功效的水溶体系制备条件为:温度35℃,pH=6,时间30 m in。     

缬草多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究

研究了超声波辅助提取缬草多糖的最佳工艺。以蒸馏水为浸提剂,缬草根为原料,采用单因素和正交实验进行研究,得到了提取缬草多糖的最佳工艺条件:提取时间为45 min、料液比为1∶25(g/m L)、提取温度60℃,此条件下的提取率为13.56%。与常规浸提法比较,超声波辅助提取法具有时间短、节省材料、提取率高等特点。     

桦褐孔菌总黄酮的微波提取及美容功效研究

通过正交试验优化了桦褐孔菌总黄酮的提取工艺,测定了总黄酮提取液的酪氨酸酶抑制率,并制备了桦褐孔菌总黄酮雪花膏。进行了该雪花膏的性能测试和大白鼠皮肤抗氧化试验:包括用丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒测定MDA含量;用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定大白鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;活性氧(ROS)试剂盒体外测定皮肤组织羟自由基清除能力。得到了桦褐孔菌总黄酮的较优提取条件:乙醇体积分数为70%,料液比(g∶mL)为1∶40,微波辐射时间为120 s,功率为352 W,此条件下总黄酮的最高提取率为4.96%。质量浓度为0.024 g.L-1的桦褐孔菌总黄酮提取液加入量为7.5 mL时,酪氨酸酶抑制率最高,达25.0%。且其制成的雪花膏稳定性、光泽、颜色效果最好。抗氧化试验结果表明:桦褐孔菌总黄酮雪花膏能减少大白鼠皮肤组织匀浆中MDA的生成,增强SOD活性和羟自由基清除能力,并呈现良好的剂量-效应关系。结果说明桦褐孔菌总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化和抑制酪氨酸酶活性的能力,可以作为天然的抗衰老和美白化妆品添加剂。     

雪莲果多糖提取及抗氧化性测定

用雪莲果鲜果为原料,采用乙醇提取法提取多糖,通过对不同提取时间、提取温度、乙醇溶液质量分数、料液比的提取效果进行比较分析,确定了最佳提取条件为：提取温度60℃,提取时间2．0h,乙醇溶液质量分数85％,料液比1：15,雪莲果中的多糖提取量为1．59mg／g。同时测定了雪莲果多糖提取物清除自由基的能力,结果表明雪莲果中的多糖具有一定的抗氧化性。     

Large-Scale Preparative Isolation of Rosavin from Rhodiola rosea via Ion Liquids MAE and Subsequent Flash Adsorption Chromatography

Rosavin was a major active compound from Rhodiola rosea. It is known that it possesses stimulant, antidepressant, and anticancer properties. In the present study, a two-step flash column chromatography has been developed for the large-scale preparative separation and purification of rosavin from the extracts of Rhodiola rosea, which were obtained by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) using ion liquids (ILs) as extraction solvent under the optimized conditions (microwave power 1200 W, extraction time 6 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:20, microwave temperature 120°C) resulting from the analysis of the D-optimal design. In the first separation, the Rhodiola rosea extract was loaded into polyamide and HPD-200 macroporous resin flash columns in series for efficient enrichment of rosavin. In the second one, the rosavin-rich crude sample after the serial column chromatography was subjected to final purification by silica gel flash chromatography. After the two-step separation, 529.1 mg of rosavin was obtained at a purity of 98.2% and a recovery of 60.6%. The separation process can provide a new method for large-scale separation and purification of rosavin for its pharmaceutical and practical use.     

The analysis of simultaneous clove/oregano and clove/thyme supercritical extraction

The goal of present work was to investigate and explain kinetics and mass transfer phenomena occurring during the SFE from the mixture of two plants with different initial composition. The extractions from pure clove, oregano and thyme as well as from clove/oregano (C/O) and clove/thyme (C/T) mixtures with various initial compositions of plant material were carried out using supercritical CO₂ at 10 MPa and 40 °C. The results indicated that presence of light compounds in supercritical CO₂ originated from the oregano leaves or thyme at the beginning of extraction process increases the extraction rate of compounds from clove bud. Only small added amounts of oregano or thyme to clove bud (C/O - 90:10%, w/w; or C/T - 84:16%, w/w) in the starting plant mixture had the same effect resulted in the similar and the highest increase of the extraction rate and had negligible influence on total extraction yield compared to extract isolated from pure clove. Different mathematical models were used for simulation of experimental data which showed that the highest increase of the solubility of extractable compounds in supercritical CO₂ as well as the highest mass transfer rate in the solid phase during extractions existed during extraction from C/O (90:10, w/w) and C/T (84:16, w/w) mixtures. Decrease of SC CO₂ consumption or shorter time of extraction necessary for achieving desired extract yield in the case of SFE of the clove buds could be important for industrial-scale application.     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Cherry Laurel Fruit

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the influence of microwave power (300–600 W), plant material-to-solvent ratio (0.05–0.2 g/cm³), and extraction time (10–30 min) on the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction of the cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit. From experimental data, a quadratic polynomial mathematical model (R² = 0.9949) was developed to predict the extract yield. All considered factors were statistically significant for extraction efficiency, while the most important factor was extraction time. Microwave power of 550 W, plant material-to-solvent ratio of 0.05 g/cm³, and time of 25 min were determined as optimal conditions with a maximum yield of 9.36 g/100 g fresh plant material, which was confirmed through laboratory experiments (9.12 ± 0.61 g/100 g fresh plant material). An economic condition for simultaneous maximum extract yield (7.58 g/100 g fresh plant material) with minimal energy and solvent consumption was determined by the desirability function method (18.2 min, 300 W, and 0.2 g/cm³). Additionally, the total phenol and flavonoid quantification and antioxidant activity of both extracts were tested. There is no statistically significant difference in the total flavonoid content in the extracts obtained under both proposed conditions, while the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extract obtained under economic conditions were slightly lower.     

秸秆灰物相分离及硫酸钾镁肥的制备

以发电厂秸秆灰为原料,用水溶法得到含钾溶液,继而用萃取法分离溶液中的钾与钠,最终获得钾镁肥。确定了水溶法制备含钾溶液的优化工艺参数,即水灰质量比为4∶1、浸取温度为60 ℃、浸取时间为60 min,在此条件下提钾率达到80.74%。通过正交实验获得萃取分离法制备钾镁肥的优化工艺条件,即萃取剂三正丁胺与正丁醇的体积比为1∶2.5、萃取剂（有机相）与含钾溶液（无机相）的体积比为1∶2、萃取时间为2 h、萃取温度为60 ℃,在优化工艺条件下制备的钾镁肥符合钾镁肥国家标准,并优于优等品指标。     

Extraction of anthocyanins from Arrabidaea chica in fixed bed using CO2 and CO2/ethanol/water mixtures as solvents

Leaves of Arrabidaea chica (Humb. Bonpl.) Verlot are rich in anthocyanins and have been used as a medicinal plant in the Amazon region. In order to obtain different extracts from this plant, a sequential extraction in fixed bed was carried out at 40 °C and 300 bar, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) in a first step, and a mixture containing CO₂/ethanol/water at mass ratios of approximately 80/20/0, 80/14/6 and 80/10/10 in a second extraction step. The residue from the second step was extracted with water at 40 °C and atmospheric pressure. Ethanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic (70:30, v:v) extracts were also obtained by conventional extraction methods at atmospheric pressure. All extracts were analyzed for global extraction yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and carajurin content. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used both to quantify carajurin, which is the main anthocyanin component of A. chica, and to monitor qualitatively two other anthocyanin pigments found in that plant. The extraction yield in the first step was only 0.65% using pure scCO₂, but this extraction was highly selective to extract carajurin from the three main anthocyanins. The accumulated global yield of the two steps ranged from 3% when the solvent ratio (80/20/0) was used in the second step to about 50% when 6 or 10% water was used, showing the highest yield when the extraction was done with water. The highest contents of total phenolic compounds (178 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (373 mg EC/g extract) were found in the process performed with the extraction mixture (80/20/0), and the highest carajurin content was obtained in the ethanolic extracts.