海藻生物活性物质应用研究进展

海藻中生物活性物质可应用于医药、功能食品、食品添加剂、生态保护、动物饲料等诸多领域。本文介绍了海藻中生物活性物质的种类,包括多糖类、蛋白类、萜类、甾醇类、多酚类、环状多硫化合物、大环内酯类等,综述了这些活性物质在药品、食品、工业及农业上的应用。指出国内在生物质活性物质在医药及工业上的应用有很大潜力,目前应注重对海藻中生物活性物质的提取方法研究,并对其生物结构、生物活性、作用机理等进行分析探讨。     

超临界CO_2萃取微藻生物活性物质的研究进展

综述了超临界CO2萃取微藻中β-类胡萝卜素、叶绿素a、DHA、EPA、γ-亚麻酸、类胡萝卜素(主要是角黄素和虾青素)、生物活性油脂等生物活性物质的国内外研究进展。     

生物活性物质对斑马鱼急性毒性和发育毒性的研究进展

斑马鱼作为常见的动物模型被用于物质急性毒性和发育毒性研究,其以高通量的方式用于生物活性物质毒性的早期筛选,因具有分析时间短、胚胎透明、生命周期短、生育力高、遗传数据相似等优点,处于毒理学研究的前沿.斑马鱼毒性研究的范围从评估生物活性物质的毒性到确定全合成最佳工艺.本文总结以斑马鱼为动物模型的最新研究进展,重点介绍斑马鱼...     

四种杜仲样品中生物活性物质含量的测定

对四种村珍贵吕绿原酸类物质进行了提取,首次用蛊硅胶Ｇ薄板一次将它们逐一分离。采用高压液相色谱、紫外、红外、质谱及核磁工振等对绿原酸类物质进行了定性及结构分析;并用紫外分光光度计测定了该四种类型杜仲中绿原酸类物质的总含量     

药用植物内生真菌及其生物活性物质研究概况

综述药用植物内生真菌及其生物活性物质的研究现状。分析了内生真菌产生物活性物质的种类、方式与作用,介绍了内生真菌分离与活性物质的筛选及其在新药研发中的应用。     

产生物活性物质的海洋微生物研究概况

海洋微生物因其具有独特的代谢方式、产生的生物活性物质结构多样新颖,具有极大的药用价值而成为近年来科学研究的新领域。文章阐述了海洋微生物中细菌、真菌和放线菌在抗菌、抗肿瘤和环境治理方面的研究现状及应用,为海洋微生物资源的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。     

从当归中提取生物活性物质的研究

目的:从甘肃岷当归中提取多糖,并进行纯化、分析鉴定。方法:采用 正交试验,用索氏提取器回流、水提醇沉法提取当归多糖,用苯酚一硫 酸法测定多糖含量,并与微波提取及经过超声波处理等方法进行比较。 结果:当料液比(g／mL)1:6,提取液的pH=7,提取时间1h时,为 提取当归多糖的最佳工艺;测得甘肃岷当归中多糖最高含量(mg·mL-1) 为15.241,最高产率为11.5％。结论:运用超声波技术从甘肃岷当归中 提取出的多糖含量最高;经红外光谱分析,当归多糖含有羟基、烷基、 羧基、氨基等官能团。     

红酒、黄酒提取物复合护手霜的研制开发

创新性地将红酒、黄酒提取物添加到所研制的复合护手霜中。检测其理化指标、感官指标及卫生指标,均符合行业标准。考察了搅拌时间、温度对乳化效果的影响,结果表明温度为75℃~80℃,时间为15min时乳化效果最好。人体手部皮肤涂抹试验表明该护手霜具有较好的滋润作用,可以改善手部粗糙的皮肤。对深度开发黄酒、红酒产品有一定的参考价值。     

青钱柳生物活性物质研究进展

青钱柳是我国特有的珍贵树种,广泛分布在长江沿岸及以南诸省。此前国内外多项研究表明,青钱柳叶中的多糖、酚酸、黄酮、三萜等化学成分具有降三高、延缓衰老以及预防过敏等多种药理作用。经过国内外植物学家多年的研究,青钱柳中的部分活性成分已经生产上市且应用于临床治疗。因此,本文将对青钱柳化学成分的生物活性进行探讨,为后续青钱柳开发利用提供理论依据。     

黑木耳中生物活性物质提取工艺研究进展

对近几年我国黑木耳中生物活性成分的提取工艺研究进行了归纳总结,并展望了其提取研究的发展方向,为黑木耳中生物活性成分深入研究、开发利用提供参考。     

全氮化合物研究进展

全氮化合物是高性能固体推进剂用含能化合物的优异候选者,其高能量来源于N—N单键、N====N双键与氮气分子(N≡≡N三键)之间巨大的能量差异。尽管全氮阴离子和全氮阳离子均已成功合成,但其化合物的合成并未成功。氮原子簇化合物的成功合成可归结于碳纳米管和C60对氮原子簇的稳定化作用。聚合氮已经在高温高压下合成,但它们在常温常压下不稳定。评述了3类全氮化合物的研究进展。     

手性化合物研究进展

手性对映体的生物学活性、毒性、代谢和药物素质完全不同。本文从手性基本概念出发，综述了手性药物、手性农药和手性中间体的研究现状和应用前景。     

黄酒中生物胺的分析研究

采用丹磺酰氯为衍生试剂,建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定腐胺、尸胺、酪胺和组胺4种生物胺的方法,色谱条件为：C18色谱柱分离,甲醇和0．1％乙酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0．8mL／min,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm。以1,7-二氨基庚烷为内标。给定条件下4种生物胺得到了较好的分离,线性相关性良好（r〉0．998）。腐胺、尸胺和酪胺的检测限为0．8蚓InL,组胺为4μg/mL。检测方法具有良好的重现性和回收率。在对几种黄酒中生物胺的分析发现4种含有腐胺,3种含有酪胺,各有一种含有组胺和尸胺,最高生物胺含量为435．5μg／g。     

二硝甲基唑类含能化合物的研究进展

二硝甲基唑类化合物是一类结构新颖的多氮含能化合物。综述了二硝甲基唑类化合物的合成方法和反应性质,并对部分含能化合物的性质进行了介绍。结果表明,二硝甲基唑类化合物的密度较大,且具有较高的正生成焓,但自身热稳定性较差,以其为阴离子合成出的离子盐具有较好的热稳定性。目前,二硝甲基唑类化合物的合成方法较成熟,但理论方面的研究不够深入。     

具有生物活性的羟基磷灰石及其复合材料的研究进展

概述了羟基磷灰石的合成方法以及国内外关于羟基磷灰石复合材料的研究进展,并对其发展方向作了展望。     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

生物酶法生产酒用香精技术

综述了生物法转化酒用香精的研究概况,详述了脂肪酶酶法非水相转化酒用香精的工艺和特点,并对产业化情况和国内外的发展状况进行了介绍。     

新型含能材料呋咱类化合物的研究进展

介绍了几种呋咱类含能化合物3,4–二氨基呋咱(DAF)、3,3′–二氨基–4,4′–氧化偶氮呋咱(DAAF)、3,3′–二氨基–4,4′–偶氮呋咱(DAAzF)、3,4–二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)、3–硝基呋咱–4–甲醚(NFME)、(3 E,4 E)–二肟甲基氧化呋咱(DPX1)的合成方法和性能。通过与其他含能材料的性能对比,可知呋咱类化合物是一类性能优良、具有广阔应用前景、可应用于推进剂的含能材料。     

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC). They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients. The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid. These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers. In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits.     

Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds Transported in Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Modulate Microglial Inflammatory Response

Microglial cells can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease by triggering an inflammatory response that leads to neuronal death. In addition, the presence of amyloid-β in the brain is consistent with alterations in the blood–brain barrier integrity and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) permeation. In the present work, we used lab-made TRL as carriers of lipophilic bioactive compounds that are commonly present in dietary oils, namely oleanolic acid (OA), α-tocopherol (AT) and β-sitosterol (BS), to assess their ability to modulate the inflammatory response of microglial BV-2 cells. We show that treatment with lab-made TRL increases the release and gene-expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as NO and iNOS in microglia. On the other hand, TRL revealed bioactive compounds α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol as suitable carriers for oleanolic acid. The inclusion of these biomolecules in TRL reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The inclusion of these biomolecules in TRL reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines. AT reduced IL-6 release by 72%, OA reduced TNF-α release by approximately 50%, and all three biomolecules together (M) reduced IL-1β release by 35% and TNF-α release by more than 70%. In addition, NO generation was reduced, with the inclusion of OA by 45%, BS by 80% and the presence of M by 88%. Finally, a recovery of the basal glutathione content was observed with the inclusion of OA and M in the TRL. Our results open the way to exploiting the neuro-pharmacological potential of these lipophilic bioactive compounds through their delivery to the brain as part of TRL.