考虑量子力学效应的超薄栅氧nMOSFET's直接隧穿电流二维模型

研究了超薄栅氧MOS器件的直接隧穿(direct tunneling,DT)电流模型问题.利用修正的WKB近似方法(modified WKB,MWKB)得到电子隧穿栅氧的几率,利用修正的艾利函数(modified Airy function,MAF)方法计算得到在高电场条件下载流子的量子化能级,从而计算出在不同偏置条件下的DT电流.模型实现了nMOSFET's栅隧穿电流的二维模拟,可以模拟在不同栅漏偏置条件下的器件工作情况,具有较广泛的适用性.通过对比表明,本模型能够与实验结果很好地吻合,且速度明显优于数值方法.利用模型可很好地对深亚微米MOS器件的栅电流特性进行预测.     

Si3N4栅MOS器件的隧穿电流模拟

随着MOS器件尺寸按比例缩小到亚100 nm时代,栅绝缘层直接隧穿(Direct Tunnel-ing,DT)电流逐渐增大.使用Si3N4材料作为栅介质,利用其介电常数高于SiO2的特性,可以在一定时期内有效地解决隧穿电流的问题.文章在二维器件模拟软件PISCES-II中首次添加了模拟高k材料MOS晶体管的器件模型,并对SiO2和Si3N4栅MOS晶体管的器件特性进行了模拟比较.     

镜像势引起的势垒降低对超薄栅MOS结构的直接隧穿电流的影响

随着器件尺寸的不断减小 ,直接隧穿电流将代替 FN电流而成为影响器件可靠性的主要因素 .数值求解的结果表明 :镜像势引起的势垒降低对超薄栅 MOS直接隧穿电流有较大的影响 .利用 WKB近似方法 ,获得了镜像势对直接隧穿电流影响的定性表达式 .镜像势对直接隧穿电流的影响随着栅电压的减小而增大 ,但是随着栅氧化层厚度的减小而减小     

深亚微米MOS器件中栅介质层的直接隧穿电流

在WKB近似的理论框架下,提出了一个MOS器件中栅介质层直接隧穿电流的模型.在这个模型中,空穴量子化采用了一种改进的单带有效质量近似方法,这种方法考虑了价带的混合效应.通过与试验结果的对比,证明了这个模型可以适用于CMOS器件中电子和空穴的隧穿电流.还研究了介质层能隙中的色散对隧穿电流的影响.这个模型还可以进一步延伸到对未来高介电常数栅介质层中隧穿电流的研究.     

深亚微米MOS器件中栅介质层的直接隧穿电流

在WKB近似的理论框架下,提出了一个MOS器件中栅介质层直接隧穿电流的模型.在这个模型中,空穴量子化采用了一种改进的单带有效质量近似方法,这种方法考虑了价带的混合效应.通过与试验结果的对比,证明了这个模型可以适用于CMOS器件中电子和空穴的隧穿电流.还研究了介质层能隙中的色散对隧穿电流的影响.这个模型还可以进一步延伸到对未来高介电常数栅介质层中隧穿电流的研究.     

镜像势引起的势垒降低对超薄栅MOS结构的直接隧穿电流的影响

随着器件尺寸的不断减小,直接隧穿电流将代替FN电流而成为影响器件可靠性的主要因素．数值求解的结果表明：镜像势引起的势垒降低对超薄栅MOS直接隧穿电流有较大的影响．利用WKB近似方法,获得了镜像势对直接隧穿电流影响的定性表达式．镜像势对直接隧穿电流的影响随着栅电压的减小而增大,但是随着栅氧化层厚度的减小而减小．     

纳米级MOS器件中电子直接隧穿电流的研究

文章从分析量子力学效应对纳米级MOS器件的影响出发,采用顺序隧穿理论和巴丁传输哈密顿方法,建立了纳米级MOS器件直接隧穿栅电流的计算模型。通过和实验数据的比较,证明了该模型的有效性。计算结果表明,在纳米级MOS器件中,采用SiO2作栅介质时,1.5 nm厚度是按比例缩小的极限。该计算模型还可以用于高介电常数栅介质和多层栅介质MOS器件的直接隧穿电流的计算。     

超薄栅介质MOSFET直接隧穿电流自洽解模型

采用自洽解方法求解一维薛定谔方程和二维泊松方程,得到电子的量子化能级和相应的浓度分布,利用MWKB方法计算电子隧穿几率,从而得到不同栅偏置下超薄栅介质MOSFET的直接隧穿电流模型。一维模拟结果与实验数据十分吻合,表明了模型的准确性和实用性。二维模拟结果表明,低栅压下,沟道边缘隧穿电流远大于沟道中心隧穿电流,沟道各处的隧穿电流均大于一维模拟结果;高栅压下,隧穿电流在沟道的分布趋于一致,且逼近一维模拟结果。     

一个适用于短沟HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型

对沟道长度从10μm到0.13μm,栅氧化层厚度为2.5nm的HALO结构nMOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流进行了研究,得到了一个适用于短沟道HALO结构MOS器件的直接隧穿栅电流模型.随着沟道尺寸的缩短,源/漏扩展区占据沟道的比例越来越大,源漏扩展区的影响不再可以忽略不计.文中考虑了源/漏扩展区对直接隧穿栅电流的影响,给出了适用于不同HALO掺杂剂量的超薄栅(2～4nm)短沟(0.13～0.25μm)nMOS器件的半经验直接隧穿栅电流模拟表达式.     

一种精确求解超薄栅NMOS器件隧穿电流的模型

提出了一种精确求解隧穿电流的模型。通过自洽求解一维薛定谔方程和泊松方程,得到NMOS器件的半导体表面电势分布、反型层二维电子气的量子化能级以及对应的载流子浓度分布。为计算隧穿电流,采用了多步势垒逼近方法计算栅氧化物势垒层的隧穿几率,从而避免了WKB方法在突变边界处波函数不连续带来的缺陷。通过考虑(100)Si衬底的导带多能谷效应和栅极多晶硅耗尽效应,讨论了不同栅氧化层厚度下隧穿电流与栅压的依赖关系。模拟结果与实验数据吻合。     

Subbreakdown drain leakage current in MOSFET

Significant drain leakage current can be detected at drain voltages much lower than the breakdown voltage. This subbreakdown leakage can dominate the drain leakage current at zero VGin thin-oxide MOSFET's. The mechanism is shown to be band-to-band tunneling in Si in the drain/gate overlap region. In order to limit the leakage current to 0.1 pA/µm, the oxide field in the gate-to-drain overlap region must be limited to 2.2 MV/cm. This may set another constraint for oxide thickness or power supply voltage.     

A thorough study of quasi-breakdown phenomenon of thin gate oxidein dual-gate CMOSFET's

The conduction mechanism of the quasibreakdown (QB) mode for thin gate oxide has been studied in a dual-gate CMOSFET with a 3.7 nm thick gate oxide. Systematic carrier separation experiments were conducted to investigate the evolutions of gate, source/drain, and substrate currents before and after gate oxide quasibreakdown (QB). Our experimental results clearly show that QB is due to the formation of a local physically-damaged-region (LPDR) at Si-SiO₂ interface. At this region, the effective oxide thickness is reduced to the direct tunneling (DT) regime. The observed high gate leakage current is due to DT electron or hole currents through the region where the LPDR is generated. Twelve V_g, I_sub, I_sd/ versus time curves and forty eight I-V curves of carrier separation measurements have been demonstrated. All the curves can be explained in a unified way by the LPDR QB model and the proper interpretation of the carrier separation measurements. Particularly, under substrate injection stress condition, there is several orders of magnitude increase of I_sub(I_sd/) at the onset point of QB for n(p)-MOSFET, which mainly corresponds to valence electrons DT from the substrate to the gate, consequently, cold holes are left in the substrate and measured as substrate current. These cold holes have no contribution to the oxide breakdown and thus the lifetime of oxide after QB is very long. Under the gate injection stress condition, there is sudden drop and even change of sign of I_sub(I_sd/) at the onset point of QB for n(p)-MOSFET, which corresponds to the disappearance of impact ionization and the appearance of hole DT current from the substrate to the gate     

Observation of hot-hole injection in NMOS transistors using a modified floating-gate technique

A modified floating-gate technique for measuring small gate currents in MOSFET's with very high resolution (0.01 fA) is described. Using this technique, gate oxide currents due to hot-carrier injection are measured in n-channel MOSFET's. The conventional negative channel hot-electron gate oxide current is observed nearV_{g} = V_{d}and a small positive gate current occurs at low Vg. We argue that the dependencies of this small positive current on Vgand gate length, together with results from a separate floating-source experiment, are consistent only with hot-hole injection.     

Experimental confirmation of an accurate CMOS gate delay model forgate oxide and voltage scaling

MOSFET's and CMOS ring oscillators with gate oxide thicknesses from 2.58 nm to 5.7 nm and effective channel lengths down to 0.21 μm have been studied at voltages from 1.5 V to 3.3 V. Physical and electrical measurement of gate oxide thicknesses are compared. Ring oscillators' load capacitance is characterized through dynamic current measurement. An accurate model of CMOS gate delay is compared with measurement data. It shows that the dependence of gate propagation delay on gate oxide, channel length, and voltage scaling can be predicted     

直接隧穿应力下超薄栅氧MOS器件退化

研究了栅氧厚度为1.4nm MOS器件在恒压直接隧穿应力下器件参数退化和应力感应漏电流退化. 实验结果表明,在不同直接隧穿应力过程中,应力感应漏电流（SILC）的退化和Vth的退化均存在线性关系. 为了解释直接隧穿应力下SILC的起因,建立了一个界面陷阱和氧化层陷阱正电荷共同辅助遂穿模型.     

1.5 nm direct-tunneling gate oxide Si MOSFET's

In this paper, normal operation of a MOSFET with an ultra-thin direct-tunneling gate oxide is reported for the first time. These high current drive n-MOSFET's were fabricated with a 1.5 nm direct-tunneling gate oxide. They operate well at gate lengths of around 0.1 μm, because the gate leakage current falls in proportional to the gate length, while the drain current increases in inverse proportion. A current drive of more than 1.0 mA/μm and a transconductance of more than 1,000 mS/mm were obtained at a gate length of 0.09 μm at room temperature. These are the highest values ever obtained with Si MOSFET's at room temperature. Further, hot-carrier reliability is shown to improve as the thickness of the gate oxide is reduced, even in the 1.5 nm case. This work clarifies that excellent performance-a transconductance of over 1,000 mS/mm at room temperature-can be obtained with Si MOSFET's if a high-capacitance gate insulator is used     

直接隧穿应力下超薄栅氧MOS器件退化

研究了栅氧厚度为1.4nm MOS器件在恒压直接隧穿应力下器件参数退化和应力感应漏电流退化.实验结果表明,在不同直接隧穿应力过程中,应力感应漏电流(SILC)的退化和Vth的退化均存在线性关系.为了解释直接隧穿应力下SILC的起因,建立了一个界面陷阱和氧化层陷阱正电荷共同辅助遂穿模型.     

Plasma charging damage on ultrathin gate oxides

Capacitor C-V and threshold voltage and subthreshold swing of MOSFET's with gate oxide thickness varying from 2.2 to 7.7 nm are analyzed to study the plasma charging damage by the metal etching process. Surprisingly, the ultrathin gate oxide has better immunity to plasma charging damage than the thicker oxide, thanks to the excellent tolerance of the thin gate oxide to tunneling current. This finding has very positive implications for the prospect of manufacturable scaling of gate oxide to very thin thickness     

Investigation of hole-tunneling current through ultrathinoxynitride/oxide stack gate dielectrics in p-MOSFETs

The systematic investigation of hole tunneling current through ultrathin oxide, oxynitride, oxynitride/oxide (N/O) and oxide/oxynitride/oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics in p-MOSFETs using a physical model is reported for the first time. The validity of the model is corroborated by the good agreement between the simulated and experimental results. Under typical inversion biases (|VG|<2 V), hole tunneling current is lower through oxynitride and oxynitride/oxide with about 33 at.% N than through pure oxide and nitride gate dielectrics. This is attributed to the competitive effects of the increase in the dielectric constant, and hence dielectric thickness, and decrease in the hole barrier height at the dielectric/Si interface with increasing with N concentration for a given electrical oxide thickness (EOT). For a N/O stack film with the same N concentration in the oxynitride, the hole tunneling current decreases monotonically with oxynitride thickness under the typical inversion biases. For minimum gate leakage current and maintaining an acceptable dielectric/Si interfacial quality, an N/O stack structure consisting of an oxynitride layer with 33 at.% N and a 3 Å oxide layer is proposed. For a p-MOSFET at an operating voltage of -0.9 V, which is applicable to the 0.7 μm technology node, this structure could be scaled to EOT=12 Å if the maximum allowed gate leakage current is 1 A/cm² and EOT=9 Å if the maximum allowed gate leakage current is 100 A/cm²