纳米SiO2表面改性及其在复合材料中的研究进展

简单介绍了纳米SiO2改性目的及改性机理，对近年来国内外纳米SiO2表面改性方法及聚合物／纳米SiO2复合材料（PSN）的应用进行了阐述，并对未来的研究内容和方向提出展望。     

硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米二氧化硅的表面改性研究

为改善用作农药载体的纳米SiO2的分散性和疏水性,以硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米SiO2进行了表面改性,通过SEM、XRD、FTIR以及元素分析等表征方法对产物结构和性能进行了分析,结果表明,KH-570能够成功地对纳米SiO2进行改性,并且提高其分散性。最佳偶联改性的反应条件为：改性剂用量5%,改性时间5h。在此条件下,改性纳米SiO2的接枝率为11.7%。     

纳米SiO2制备及改性

为了改善纳米SiO2的分散性,用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米SiO2凝胶,并用不同改性剂对粉末进行了表面改性.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、粒度分析仪(PSA)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-VS)等分析了纳米SiO2的粒径及分散性.结果表明,正硅酸乙酯的水解和缩合反应条件直接影响纳米SiO2粉体的粒径大小.KH-550硅烷偶联改性剂用量、改性时间等因素对改性效果有明显的影响.当改性剂用量为4.1%(质量分数),改性时间为2h时,可得到高分散性的纳米SiO2粉体.纳米SiO2粉末易发生团聚,只有对其进行表面改性,才能得到疏水性纳米SiO2粉末.     

纳米SiO_2的改性及其在涂料中的应用研究进展

系统分析了纳米SiO2的化学和物理改性方法及机理;列举了纳米SiO2的复合涂料的3种制备方法:Sol-Gel法、原位聚合法和共混法,对其原理和研究发展状况进行了讨论;分析概括了纳米SiO2改进涂料性能国内外研究发展的状况,最后阐述了对纳米SiO2改性涂料进行深入的研究重要意义.     

纳米SiO2表面化学改性补强硅橡胶的研究进展

简要介绍了纳米SiO2表面化学改性的机理及改性方法,综述了近年来纳米SiO2表面化学改性补强硅橡胶的研究概况.     

纳米SiO2氢氧化铝/十二烷基苯磺酸钠的表面包覆改性

通过氢氧化铝和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纳米SiO2进行表面包覆和改性处理,改善纳米SiO2的表面结构和分散性.使用IR、FESEM、EDS、Malvern Zetasize 3000HSA自动电位粒度仪等表征手段,对表面包覆改性后纳米SiO2的表面结构、形貌及等电点等进行了测试和分析.结果表明,经Al(OH)3表面包覆后,纳米SiO2粉体等电点(IPE)的pH值从1.58变为7.1;经SDBS对表面包覆Al(OH)3的纳米SiO2进行改性后,纳米SiO2粉体团聚现象减少,单个纳米SiO2颗粒的粒径约为30nm.     

改性纳米SiO2/环氧树脂涂料的制备及其性能

为提高纳米SiO2在环氧树脂中的分散程度,充分发挥纳米SiO2的力学性能和耐热性,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷与丙烯酸对纳米SiO2表面进行接枝改性,利用红外光谱对改性纳米SiO2的结构进行了表征;将改性纳米SiO2添加到环氧树脂中混合固化,得到改性纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂料(SAE),并通过附着力、吸水率、电化学试验等方法对SAE涂层的耐蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明:改性后的纳米SiO2出现新的吸收峰;SAE具有附着力高、抗渗透性强、极化电流小等优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

纳米SiO2的制备、改性和应用

综述了纳米SiO2的制备技术,包括气相法、电弧法、沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法和微乳液法等.从物理改性和化学改性2个方面介绍了纳米SiO2的表面改性技术及其改性机理.全面概述了纳米SiO2在各个领域的应用情况,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

硅烷偶联剂KH-570表面改性纳米SiO2

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570在酸性条件下对纳米SiO2表面进行改性,并对改性前后的纳米SiO2采用粒径分析仪、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、紫外-可见光光谱仪、扫描电镜等仪器进行了分析和表征。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-570能成功地对纳米SiO2表面进行改性,使其表面化学键合了硅烷偶联剂的有机官能团,降低了颗粒团聚程度,提高了纳米SiO2在有机介质中的分散程度     

无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂料的制备及性能

为了提高环氧树脂涂料的综合性能,以KH-560硅烷偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行原位改性,制备了无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂料。用FT-IR及分散性试验研究了纳米SiO2原位改性的效果;探讨了改性纳米SiO2对复合涂层表面形貌、力学性能、耐紫外光老化性、耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:KH-560硅烷偶联剂的有机分子链段成功地键合在纳米SiO2粒子表面,改性后的纳米SiO2粒子能均匀地分散在二甲苯中;纳米SiO2能够显著改善环氧树脂涂层的力学性能,当其含量为3%时最好;复合涂层耐紫外光老化及耐腐蚀性比环氧树脂涂层有较大的提高。本无溶剂型纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合涂层对基材有良好的保护作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...