脱氢枞胺水杨醛类Schiff碱对铜的缓蚀性能研究

以脱氢枞胺为原料,采用直接缩合法合成了5种脱氢枞胺水杨醛类Schiff碱,用IR、¹H NMR确证其结构,并用静态失重法研究了它们在酸性介质中对铜的缓蚀性能。结果表明:它们对铜的缓蚀率随着Schiff碱处理浓度的增大、成膜时间的延长、腐蚀时间的缩短而增大。脱氢枞胺(5,6-二羟基)水杨醛Schiff碱对铜的缓蚀性能最强。     

N-脱氢枞基单环β-内酰胺衍生物的合成

脱氢枞胺与取代芳香基甲醛缩合反应合成Schiff碱衍生物,Schiff碱化合物继续在三乙胺催化剂的无水苯反应液中分别与氯乙酰氯[2+2]环加成常温合成了6种标题化合物,其产率为31%~49%,目标产物经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR光谱分析确证。     

脱氢枞基含氮衍生物的抑菌活性研究

采用平板计数法研究了脱氢枞酸（1）和脱氢枞基含氮衍生物（脱氢枞胺（2）、脱氢枞酸酰胺衍生物（3a~3m）、脱氢枞胺（取代）苯甲醛Schiff碱衍生物（4a~4i））对6种病原真菌的抑制活性。结果表明：脱氢枞胺的抑菌活性优于脱氢枞酸,脱氢枞胺（取代）苯甲醛Schiff碱衍生物的抑菌活性优于脱氢枞酸酰胺衍生物。其中含卤原子的脱氢枞胺（对氯）水杨醛Schiff碱（4d）、脱氢枞胺（间氟）苯甲醛Schiff碱（4f）、脱氢枞胺（对氟）苯甲醛Schiff碱（4g）、脱氢枞胺（对氯）苯甲醛Schiff碱（4h）具有较强的抑菌活性,4h在质量浓度为180 mg/L时对灰葡萄孢、腐皮镰孢和芸苔链格孢的抑制率达100%,抑制率接近阳性对照物放线菌酮。进一步测定了脱氢枞胺（取代）苯甲醛Schiff碱衍生物4d、4f、4g和4h在不同质量浓度下对6种病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果发现4种化合物在不同质量浓度下对灰葡萄孢和芸苔链格孢均具有较好的抑制活性。化合物4f在22.5 mg/L时对6种病原真菌的抑制率最高,均大于95%,而4g在22.5 mg/L时的抑制率却最低,并且4h在45 mg/L时的抑制率较高,上述结果表明苯环上卤原子的取代位置和类型均会影响其在不同质量浓度下的抑菌活性和最佳抑菌活性的质量浓度。     

2-嘧啶胺水杨醛Schiff碱及锌(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与表征

以水杨醛和2-嘧啶胺为原料,制得2-嘧啶胺水杨醛Schiff碱配体,将该配体分别与锌(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)2种金属离子络合反应生成相应的配合物,采用元素分析、电导率测定、紫外光谱、红外光谱等手段对上述配体及其配合物进行分析和表征,结果表明,合成的2-嘧啶胺水杨醛Schiff碱及过渡金属配合物的结构与理论结构相符。     

松香含氮衍生物对小地老虎四龄幼虫的拒食活性及构效关系

采用叶碟浸叶法,研究了4种不同类型的松香含氮衍生物对小地老虎4龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果显示：脱氢枞胺对氯水杨醛Schiff碱（2i）和二氢枞酸异丙醇酰基硫脲（4b）较大地抑制了小地老虎4龄幼虫的取食,质量浓度1 g/L时2i和4b 24 h后的拒食率分别为86.12%和85.13%;脱氢枞胺对甲氧基苯甲醛Schiff碱（2b）、二氢枞酸2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇酰基硫脲（4c）和二氢枞酸呋喃酰基硫脲（4g）对小地老虎4龄幼虫具有较强的拒食活性,拒食率分别为52.04%、66.70%和50.48%。2i具有极低的拒食中质量浓度（AFC₅₀）,为0.04 g/L,2b、4b、4c和4g的AFC₅₀分别为0.66、0.25、1.47和0.69 g/L。脱氢枞胺（取代）苯甲醛Schiff碱和二氢枞酸酰基硫脲2类衍生物对小地老虎具有较强的拒食活性,甲氧基、氯原子和羟基对脱氢枞胺（取代）苯甲醛Schiff碱的拒食活性有明显的增强作用,二氢枞酸酰基硫脲衍生物中羟基的位置和个数对小地老虎4龄幼虫的拒食活性有明显的影响。脱氢枞酸酰胺和脱氢枞酸酰基硫脲衍生物对小地老虎4龄幼虫的拒食活性较弱,且其结构变化对小地老虎4龄幼虫的拒食活性影响较小。     

呋喃胺水杨醛Schiff碱镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成与结构表征

以4,5-二甲基-3-腈基-2-呋喃胺与水杨醛为原料,合成了4,5-二甲基-3-腈基-2-呋喃胺水杨醛Schiff碱化合物,再与氯化镍反应得到一种新型的呋喃胺水杨醛Schiff碱镍(Ⅱ)配合物.通过IR、UV、元素分析及摩尔电导率等对目标化合物进行了表征,应用荧光光谱法研究了该配合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在不同温度下...     

噻吩胺缩水杨醛Schiff碱及配合物的合成与抗菌活性

以2-丁酮、氰基乙酸乙酯、二乙胺和硫为原料,乙醇为溶剂,在适当的温度下,反应一定的时间,合成了4,5-二甲基-3-乙氧羰基噻吩胺,将该噻吩胺与水杨醛反应合成了相应的Schiff碱配体,然后将该配体分别与铜(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)金属离子进行反应,合成了相应的6种过渡金属配合物。采用元素分析、电导率测定、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行分析和表征。对配体及其配合物进行了抗菌活性测试,结果表明配合物的抗菌活性强于Schiff碱配体。     

歧化松香胺Schiff碱-铜配合物催化烯烃氧化反应的研究

以H2O2为氧源,研究了歧化松香胺Schiff碱-铜配合物催化枞酸、环己烯、异戊二烯的氧化反应,通过分析反应产物的GC-MS谱图,评价氧化反应的结果以及产率.结果表明,歧化松香胺Schiff碱-铜配合物可以较好地催化枞酸、环己烯、异戊二烯的氧化反应.     

新型脱氢松香酰肼基硫脲的研究

以松香改性产品脱氢枞胺为原料,乙醚为溶剂,在-10～40℃下与二硫化碳(CS2)、N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)作用,合成脱氢松香异硫氰酸酯,最高产率为84.1%。然后以对甲苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯、水合肼为原料,四氢呋喃为溶剂,在10～15℃下分别合成对甲苯磺酰肼(最高产率91.9%)和苯磺酰肼(最高产率96%)。最后,松香异硫氰酸酯分别与对甲苯磺酰肼、苯磺酰肼反应,乙醇为溶剂,于60～80℃条件下回流搅拌,合成了対甲苯磺酰肼基脱氢枞氨基硫脲和苯磺酰肼基脱氢枞氨基硫脲,最大收率均大于60%。所合成的化合物经红外光谱、核磁共振谱等表征分析,证实是一种未见报道的新化合物。     

脱氢枞胺分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能研究

以脱氢枞胺为模板分子,丙烯酸为功能单体,马来松香乙二醇丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了脱氢枞胺分子印迹聚合物,对聚合物的结构和性能进行了表征,对分离提纯脱氢枞胺的性能进行了测定。结果表明,聚合反应的最佳条件为:0.285 g脱氢枞胺(1 mmol)、0.288 g丙烯酸(4 mmol)和4.91 g马来松香乙二醇丙烯酸酯(8 mmol);反应溶剂为氯仿(30 mL),汽油(15 mL),水(300 mL)混合溶剂;引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(0.27 g);反应时间5 h,反应温度为70~80℃,搅拌速度为300 r/m in。最佳静态吸附条件为:以体积分数为80%的乙醇为溶剂配制脱氢枞胺溶液,质量浓度为2 g/L,分子印迹聚合物为20~40目,吸附温度70℃,振荡速度150 r/m in。脱氢枞胺分子印迹聚合物对脱氢枞胺的静态平衡吸附时间为12 h,吸附量为223 mg/g,平衡解吸时间为12 h,解吸率为95.9%。经分子印迹聚合物分离纯化后的脱氢枞胺质量分数由67.4%提高到98.3%。说明该分子印迹聚合物对脱氢枞胺的特异吸附性能良好,可以达到分离纯化脱氢枞胺的目的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。