雅安市酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留调查研究

为了掌握雅安市售酱卤肉制品中的亚硝酸盐残留现状,通过对雅安市人口比较密集的四个相关市场的随机采样,根据GB/T5009.33-2003食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定,采用盐酸萘乙二胺法,并依据食品添加剂卫生标准GB2760-1996进行评价.对12份酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留量的检测结果表明,亚硝酸盐的超标率达41.7%,最高达2.48倍.雅安市售酱卤肉制品中的亚硝酸盐残留情况严重,有关部门应引起高度重视.     

武汉市市售熟肉制品合成色素添加情况调查

目的了解武汉市市售熟肉制品合成色素添加情况。方法在全市范围内分层随机抽检超市、集贸市场、专卖店及餐饮店的猪肉、牛肉、家禽、混合肉制品等熟肉制品,采用高效液相色谱法检测柠檬黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、亮蓝、新红、诱惑红、红色2G、酸性红、赤藓红、酸性橙Ⅱ等11种色素。结果在1 308份熟肉制品中,合成色素超标率为28.06%(367/1 308)。灌肠类猪肉样品色素超标率最高(54.90%,112/204);远城区及开发区熟肉制品中色素超标率较高;而在不同销售场所中,集贸市场的色素超标率最高。结论武汉市人工合成色素存在一定程度的滥用,建议有关部门对其加强监管。     

安顺市市售果味饮料中合成色素现况调查

目的:通过对市售果味饮料的抽样检测分析,了解安顺市市售饮料中合成色素的添加情况,为饮料监管提供科学依据。方法 :在安顺市主城区采集171份饮料,使用高效液相色谱法对其中的合成色素进行检测,对相关数据进行汇总分析。结果:在抽检果味饮料中,合成色素总的检出率为72.5%。添加使用率最高的是柠檬黄为35.7%,最低的是靛蓝和亮蓝均为2.9%。同时添加2种及以上合成色素饮料的占35.7%。在不同销售场所中,中小型超市检出率最高为79.5%,大型超市检出率最低为38.9%,各销售场所检出率总体差异具有统计学意义(X~2=11.157,P 0.05)。外地和本地产果味饮料中合成色素检出率分别为72.3%和70.7%,两者检出率差异无统计学意义(X~2=0.038,P 0.05)。结论:安顺市售果味饮料中合成色素含量均在国家标准范围内,但添加使用率较高,建议相关部门继续加强监管和宣传,保障食品安全。     

同时测定肉制品中酸性橙Ⅱ等11种合成色素的方法研究

构建同步测定肉制品中柠檬黄、新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、红色2G、亮蓝、酸性红、赤藓红、酸性橙Ⅱ等11种合成色素的高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对市售肉制品中色素进行监测。方法 采用固相萃取技术,用乙醇氨水水溶液提取样品中色素并经WAX小柱(150 mg,30 μm)净化,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)检测。结果 HPLC法测定11种色素在1.00～20.0 μg/ml范围内有较好的线性关系,r均>0.999,方法检出限为0.02～0.06 mg/kg,样品加标平均回收率为81.1%～100.8%,RSD为1.3%～4.9%(n=6)。用本方法监测259份市售肉制品,不同色素的检出率为0%～22.0%。结论 方法具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,回收率和重现性良好,适用于肉制品中11种色素分析,具有推广应用价值。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测肉制品中4种着色剂

目的建立高效液相色谱法检测肉制品中诱惑红、胭脂红、柠檬黄、日落黄的实验方法。方法采用氨水-乙醇溶液提取,用正己烷脱脂,对氨水乙醇提取液采用定量浓缩仪浓缩。利用液相色谱作为检测手段,紫外检测器分波段采集。结果在0~50.0μg/m L范围内线性良好,4种色素的相关系数均大于0.999,平均回收率为诱惑红78.6%,胭脂红79.2%,柠檬黄78.3%,日落黄79.6%。检出限均为1.0 mg/kg。结论该方法具有样品预处理简单、快速、灵敏度高等特点,可用于肉制品中诱惑红、胭脂红、柠檬黄、日落黄的同时检测。     

评定分光光度法测定酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐的不确定度

通过对分光光度法测酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量测定过程的研究,确定测定结果的不确定度,并依照JJF1059-1999《测定不确定度的评定与表示》建立不确定度的数学模型,对各不确定度分量进行合成和扩展,最终建立酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量的不确定度评定方法。结果表明:影响测量结果不确定度的主要因素有5项,按影响大小分别为标准曲线拟合、测量重复性、标准工作溶液制备、溶液定容以及试样称量。不确定度报告为酱卤肉制品中亚硝酸盐含量(3.9±0.30)mg/kg,包含因子k=2。     

QuEChERS-HPLC快速测定食品中七种食用合成色素

建立了一种同时测定豆制品和肉制品中7种食用合成色素(柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红、苋菜红、亮蓝、偶氮玉红、诱惑红)的QuEChERS-HPLC方法.样品采用乙醇-氨水-水(7∶2∶1)超声提取,混合使用C18和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)两种基质分散净化剂净化,浓缩后采用SunFireTMC18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离.以甲醇-20mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,测定波长410nm和520nm.实验通过空白基质溶液稀释标准品建立校正的标准曲线,以消除基质效应.结果表明,7种食用合成色素在0.5～10μg/mL线性范围内具有良好的线性关系(相关系数0.9971～0.9999),样品加标回收率为83.01％～ 108.84％,相对标准偏差为4.53％～15.23％,方法的检出限在0.1～0.3mg/L之间,定量限在0.3～0.4mg/kg之间.方法操作简便、快速、准确,可满足豆制品和肉制品中食用合成色素的分析要求.     

分光光度法快速检测饮料中柠檬黄的研究

食用合成色素柠檬黄是我国允许使用的食品添加剂之一,目前柠檬黄常见的测定方法主要是薄层层析法和液相色谱法等。采用分光光度法测定饮料中的柠檬黄,试验结果表明:方法的线性良好:y=33.316x+0.0006,线性相关系数r=0.9999,测定饮料中柠檬黄含量为0.01892 mg/mL,精密度好,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%,测在饮料中的加标回收率在91.83%~99.44%之间。该方法适用于饮料等样品的快速检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定海米中10 种合成色素

建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定海米中新红、柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红、偶氮玉红、苋菜红、诱惑红、亮蓝、赤藓红、罗丹明B 10 种合成色素的方法。海米中的合成色素用氨化乙醇提取、固相萃取柱净化,ODS-3 C18柱为分离柱,甲醇和0.02 mol/L乙酸铵为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,在360 nm波长处检测,外标法定量。10 种合成色素在0.2～50 mg/L质量浓度范围内与其峰面积成良好的线性关系;10 种合成色素的检出限为0.4～1.0 mg/kg。3 个不同加标水平的回收率为74.3%～90.0%,相对标准偏差小于4.3%。该方法能同时完成10 种合成色素的测定,可用于海米中合成色素的检测分析。     

基于酸度控制的吸收光谱法测定饮料中共存的柠檬黄和日落黄

建立快速、准确测定饮料中共存着色剂柠檬黄与日落黄的吸收光谱检测方法。在一定酸度的Tris-HCl介质中，乙基紫与柠檬黄（pH 5.69）和日落黄（pH 8.68）反应生成离子缔合物，在波长506 nm处产生能定量分析共存色素中柠檬黄的特征吸收峰，在波长646 nm处产生能定量分析共存色素中日落黄的特征吸收峰，它们的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.37×105 L/（mol·cm）（柠檬黄体系）和7.68×104 L/（mol·cm）（日落黄体系）。柠檬黄在0.04～9.6 mg/L范围内与吸光度绝对值呈线性关系，检出限为0.024 mg/L，定量限为1.29 mg/kg；日落黄在0.04～6.3 mg/L范围内与吸光度呈线性关系，检出限为0.031 mg/L，定量限为1.68 mg/kg。该法用于实际样品分析，加标回收率为97.0%～104%（柠檬黄体系）和97.3%～103%（日落黄体系），相对标准偏差（n=5）为1.5%～2.6%（柠檬黄体系）和1.2%～2.6%（日落黄体系）。该法简便、快速，用于饮料中共存柠檬黄和日落黄的测定，结果满意。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.