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板栗具有很高的食用和药用价值。随着板栗产量的不断提高,板栗脱壳去衣成为其加工过程中的一大难题。本文根据微波能加热原理,通过正交实验,确定了一种板栗微波同步脱壳去皮的新方法,在快速、高效去除板栗外壳和内皮的同时,最大程度保持了栗仁原有的色泽、风味和营养。结果表明,当微波功率为800W,板栗微波脱壳去皮的最佳工艺分别为:大板栗,加入量300g,第一次微波25s,冷却7min,第二次微波15s;中板栗,加入量250g,第一次微波15s,冷却6min,第二次微波20s;小板栗,加入量250g,第一次微波15s,冷却6min,第二次微波10s。经验证,在最优组合条件下,大、中、小板栗的脱壳率均可达到80%以上,破仁率和熟化度则小于15%。 相似文献
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《食品工业》2016,(8)
以信阳大板栗为试验材料,以板栗片营养成分、色差值、复水率为考察对象,对热风干燥、真空干燥、微波干燥三种工艺脱水板栗片的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,板栗片经过护色后,切成0.1 cm薄片,在热风干燥工艺中,以始温35℃,以5℃/h的速度升温,至60℃条件下保持1 h,再以5℃/h的速度降温至50℃,干燥6 h,得到的板栗片能保留板栗原有的色、香、味;在真空干燥工艺中,最佳干燥条件为:真空度0.07 MPa,温度设定在80℃,干燥时间3 h,板栗片色差值最小;在微波干燥工艺中,最佳干燥条件为:微波功率为400 k W,干燥8 min,板栗片的色泽较好;经过比较脱水板栗片营养成分、色差值及复水率得出,真空干燥法板栗片的营养成分保留最高,色差最小,复水率最高。 相似文献
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微波复热时间和微波功率对预油炸牛肉串品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了微波加热时间(30、40、60、90、120s)和微波功率(350、490、700W)对预油炸牛肉串出品率、剪切力、色差和感官评价的影响.结果表明,在不同微波复热条件下,牛肉串的出品率、剪切力、色差变化和总体可接受性存在明显差异(p<0.05).在同一微波功率条件下,随着微波加热时间的延长,肉串的出品率逐渐下降,亮度L*值降低,红色度a*值升高;除微波加热30s外,随着微波加热时间的延长,肉串的剪切力值增加,嫩度下降.牛肉串在700W加热40s、490W加热40s和60s时,不仅明显提高了肉串的出品率,而且改善了牛肉串的色泽,并使肉串保持较低的剪切力值. 相似文献
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《食品工业科技》2017,(1)
中式香肠烘烤温度各地都不同,为得到最佳香肠干燥工艺参数,本实验对香肠采用二段式变温烘烤,对变温烘烤的温度和时间进行了筛选,并与52℃传统恒温烘烤的香肠品质进行了比较。结果显示:前期烘烤时间和后期烘烤温度对广式香肠总体接受度存在显著性影响,以总体接受度为预测条件,得出广式香肠最优烘烤方式为65℃烘烤7h后48℃烘烤;与传统组比较发现:变温组香肠L*值、弹性高于传统组(p0.05),a*值、过氧化值和回复性小于传统组(p0.05),变温烘烤所需总时间为13.45 h,比传统烘烤组减少1.58 h。实验结果得出:广式香肠最优变温烘烤工艺为65℃烘烤7h后48℃烘烤。 相似文献
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为获得干燥时间短、干燥品质好的笋干,以竹笋为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,根据中心组合试验设计原理,分析微波干燥功率、微波干燥时间和热风干燥温度3 个因素对笋干感官评分、总干燥时间、复水比、色差和硬度指标的影响,以确定微波-热风联用制取笋干最佳工艺条件。结果表明,制取笋干的最佳工艺条件为:微波干燥功率6.3 W/g、微波干燥时间60 s、热风干燥温度65 ℃。在此条件下得到的笋干感官评分85.6、总干燥时间200 min、复水比6.17,干制品色差ΔE* 19.99、复水制品色差ΔE* 13.92、干制品硬度19 511.23 g、复水制品硬度20010.71 g,该工艺研究结果可为笋干产业化发展提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. 相似文献
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John Gilbert Catherine Simoneau David Cote Achim Boenke 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(10):889-893
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium. 相似文献
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Sophie Guillot Laurence Peytavi Sylvie Bureau Renaud Boulanger Jean-Paul Lepoutre Jean Crouzet Sabine Schorr-Galindo 《Food chemistry》2006
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties. 相似文献
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Jesus Simal-Gandara Miguel Sarria-Vidal Arjen Koorevaar Rinus Rijk 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(8):703-711
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials. 相似文献
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M. S. Garcí a-Falc n J. Simal-G ndara S. T. Carril-Gonz lez-Barros 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2000,17(12):957-964
A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a 相似文献
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H. J. Van Den Top A. Boenke P. A. Burdaspal J. Bustos H. P. Van Egmond T. Legarda A. Mesego A. Mourino W. E. Paulsch C. Salgado 《Food Additives & Contaminants》2001,18(9):810-824
This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance. 相似文献
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《肉类研究》2014,(2)
<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the 相似文献
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《印刷工业》2014,(11):95-95
According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China(PEIAC)'s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%. 相似文献
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《印刷工业》2014,(8):103-103
正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press 相似文献