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1.
为促进大型发酵酱油产品风味的提高与改善,研究高盐稀态酱油在机械化酿造过程中风味成分的动态变化规律,采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术针对不同酿造阶段酱醪中风味成分的种类和相对含量进行分析。结果定性鉴别出氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、糖类及其衍生物、醇类、酯类、胺类和其他物质共210 种。利用热图和主成分分析法探寻不同酿造阶段的样品风味物质差异,结果显示发酵过程对贡献酱油鲜甜味的氨基酸及其衍生物和糖类及其衍生物影响较大,第1天样品对贡献修饰风味的有机酸、胺类、酯类和其他类物质影响也较为显著,其中氨基酸及其衍生物是酱油含量最多的风味化合物。  相似文献   

2.
该实验利用顶空固相微萃取气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对不同发酵时期的鳀鱼鱼露挥发性物质进行检测,采用相对气味活度值(ROAV)并结合感觉阈值评价了挥发性风味物质对总体风味的影响,通过聚类分析探讨发酵过程中的关键性风味物质。结果表明,共检测出178种挥发性风味物质,其中酸类(2.99%~30.02%)、醇类(13.97%~41.77%)、醛类(8.67%~51.61%)总量明显高于其他类别的挥发性化合物;随着发酵时间的延长,挥发性物质种类和含量逐渐增加。发酵0、3、6、9、12、15个月鱼露的主体风味物质分别有9、11、8、9、9和10种。发酵过程中筛选出9种关键性风味物质,包括丁酸、(Z)-4-庚烯醛、癸醛、壬醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、(E,Z)-2,6- 壬二烯醛、3-乙基苯酚、丁酸乙酯和苯酚。  相似文献   

3.
利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对小米椒恒温发酵过程中的挥发性成分进行分析,探讨发酵时间对小米椒风味的影响。结果表明,小米椒发酵过程中共鉴定到10类挥发性成分,共144种,其中以烃类为主,其次是酯类和醇类。随着发酵进行,各类成分在种类上都有不同程度的变化,但整体上趋于平均;在相对含量上,烃、酯、醇、醛、酚以及呋喃明显增加,含硫类相对下降。在发酵14 d时,小米椒中挥发性成分的种类及相对含量均较高,风味最佳,与感官评价结果一致。  相似文献   

4.
为探究开菲尔发酵过程中风味物质的变化过程,以采集自阿勒泰地区的开菲尔为实验原料,分离培养其中开菲尔粒,将其接种至杀菌牛乳中。采用顶空气质联用仪(headspace-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry,HS-GC-MS)检测发酵过程中风味物质的动态变化规律。开菲尔在整个发酵过程中的挥发性风味物质可达到约174种。开菲尔中的风味物质主要是酸类、酯类、酮醛类、烃类、醇类和其他化合物6大类。发酵过程中酸类物质呈现先增加后减少再增加的趋势、酯类化合物在发酵过程中呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。烃类、酮醛类物质在发酵过程中无明显变化。该文旨为传统开菲尔的品质控制和风味改良提供数据支持。  相似文献   

5.
以甘肃省陇南市经济林研究院种质资源库的狮子头、茂汶大红袍、实生大红袍3个品种花椒为试材,利用反相高效液相色谱法检测麻味物质、电子鼻及气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发性物质,并对生长发育过程中风味物质的动态变化规律进行研究。同时,以麻味物质和挥发性物质作为评价指标,对3个品种花椒品质进行对比分析。结果表明,生长发育过程中3个品种花椒果皮麻味物质的含量均随着果实的成熟而增加,并呈现不断累积的趋势,这与当地的采收时间相吻合,麻味物质含量从高到低依次为茂汶大红袍、狮子头、实生大红袍。电子鼻传感器W2W、W1W、W2S、W1S、W5S对3个品种花椒挥发性物质均有较好的响应,其共有挥发性物质7种,芳樟醇、柠檬烯和2-氨基苯甲酸-3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-酯被连续检出且相对含量较高,各挥发性物质含量动态变化差异明显。以成熟期麻味物质与挥发性物质为花椒品质评价指标进行主成分分析,品质优劣顺序依次为茂汶大红袍、狮子头、实生大红袍。  相似文献   

6.
对山西老陈醋样品的理化指标、挥发性香气物质及功能物质含量进行测定,并探讨其在不同陈酿时间的变化规律。结果表明,随着陈酿时间在0.5~10年增加,总酸、总酯、氨基酸态氮、氯化钠、还原糖、可溶性固形物、可溶性无盐固形物的含量均呈增长趋势,陈酿10年分别达到11.45 g/100 mL、6.29 g/100 mL、1.17 g/100 mL、1.63 g/100 mL、4.31 g/100 mL、62.00 g/100 mL、53.37 g/100 mL。陈酿样品共检出57种挥发性香气物质,其中酯类含量呈先减少后增加的趋势,酸类含量呈减少趋势,其他类呈增加趋势。陈酿过程中功能物质均呈增长趋势,在陈酿10年最高,总酚、总黄酮、川芎嗪含量分别达到298.62 mg/100 mL、503.62 mg/100 mL、121.79μg/mL。从理化指标、总酚和总黄酮变化来看,陈酿10年最好;从挥发性香气物质、川芎嗪及乙偶姻变化来看,则陈酿5年为宜。  相似文献   

7.
采用化学分析法和气相色谱法对发酵过程中糟鱼的非挥发性物质进行测定,结果显示:氯化钠随发酵时间的延长而下降,最后达到一个动态平衡;总糖含量与还原糖含量随着发酵时间的延长而增加,后达到动态平衡;有机酸含量随发酵时间的延长而增加;蛋白质含量和盐溶性蛋白质含量随发酵时间的延长而下降,后达到动态平衡;氨基氮含量随发酵时间的延长先增加后下降,最后达到动态平衡.脂肪含量随发酵时间的延长而下降;脂肪酸含量随发酵时间的延长而增加;饱和脂肪酸含量随发酵时间的延长而下降,不饱和脂肪酸含量随发酵时间的延长而增加.利用SPSS软件对非挥发性物质与优势菌的变化进行相关性分析,得出芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌数与氨基氮含量为显著正相关;葡萄球菌数和酵母菌与游离脂肪酸含量呈极显著正相关;芽孢杆菌具有产蛋白酶特性,可以代谢生成氨基态氮;葡萄球菌和酵母菌可以代谢生成游离脂肪酸.  相似文献   

8.
HS-SPME-GC-MS研究大曲发酵过程中挥发性成分动态变化   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术,研究传统食醋大曲固态发酵过程中挥发性成分组成和含量变化。GC-MS共分离鉴定出挥发性化合物56种,包括酯类22种,醇类11种,醛类9种,酮类3种,酸类1种,烷类3种,杂环类1种,吡嗪类1种,含苯类3种,胺类1种,其他类1种。大部分挥发性成分相对含量呈现先增后减的趋势。其中酯类、醇类化合物含量分别在第3、7 d达到最高值,并在后期趋于稳定。醛类、酮类化合物含量在第13 d达到最高值,随后逐渐降低。而酸类物质呈积累趋势,并在第30 d达到峰值。采用主成分分析(PCA)比较大曲固态发酵各阶段挥发性成分差异,所得结果与气质联用方法相一致,均表明大曲发酵过程中挥发性成分相对含量在第3、7、13 d变化较大,而后期趋于稳定。  相似文献   

9.
传统陇西腊肉制作过程中挥发性风味物质变化分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
该文采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)对传统陇西腊肉制作过程中的挥发性风味物质进行检测分析,并结合相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)法分别探讨了腊肉制作过程中的关键风味物质。结果显示,在腊肉制作的不同时期(T0、T15、T30、T60、T90),各种挥发性物质的含量表现出一定的变化规律:挥发性物质总量呈先增高后降低的趋势,在腌制后期(T30)时达到最高,为4 473.05μg/kg。样品中醛类物质含量最高,其次是醇类物质。ROAV分析结果显示醛类、酮类、酯类物质对风味贡献最大; PCA分析结果表明己酸乙酯、茴香醚、己醛、3-甲基丁醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、芳樟醇为风味主要贡献物质。  相似文献   

10.
以“仲甜9号”、“珠玉甜8号”、“珠玉甜1号”3 个品种甜玉米为材料,研究甜玉米籽粒成熟过程中挥发性风味物质的变化规律。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,结合NIST14质谱数据库比对、保留指数分析、气相色谱嗅闻分析等方法对挥发性风味物质进行鉴定,利用内标法测定其含量,构建甜玉米挥发性风味活性化合物组成谱,评价甜玉米香气品质与特征。结果表明:3 种甜玉米在成熟过程中共检测到61 种挥发性风味物质;成熟度对挥发性风味物质种类和含量有显著影响,随成熟度增加,壬酸乙酯、1-庚醇、1-己醇含量显著下降,苯乙烯、甲苯、乙苯、1,3-二甲基苯含量显著增加,籽粒成熟过程中以积累芳香烃为主。在气味特征方面,随着籽粒的成熟,脂香强度明显增强,青香强度明显减弱。甜玉米品种之间存在差异,“仲甜9号”甜玉米成熟期时挥发性风味物质种类和含量明显高于其他2 个品种,且整体风味强度最大。  相似文献   

11.
12.
This research aimed to advance the understanding of acceptable sensory qualities of potable whey-based spirit from nonsupplemented, mid-supplemented, and high-supplemented whey samples by analyzing major volatile compounds during different stages of distillation (head, heart, and tail). The results demonstrated that commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in lactase-hydrolyzed whey showed rapid and complete sugar hydrolysis and efficient ethanol production in 24, 30, and 36 h on average, producing up to 29.5, 42.1, and 56.4 g/L of ethanol, respectively. The variations in titratable acidity, specific gravity, pH value, residual protein, sugar content, and alcohol yield were investigated during the fermentation. The total amount of volatile compound concentrations significantly decreased from the head (2,087–2,549 mg/L) to the tail whey spirits (890–1,407 mg/L). In the whey spirit, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-propanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate were the most prevalent dominant compounds, accounting for the largest proportion of total volatile compounds. The volatile compounds detected were far below the acceptable legal limit. The results suggest that high sensory qualities of potable whey-based spirits can be produced by fermentation of lactose-supplemented whey with S. cerevisiae cells.  相似文献   

13.
该研究对李子果酒主发酵过程中的理化指标进行测定,并采用顶空固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱(HS-SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,在李子果酒主发酵过程中,随着发酵时间的延长,pH值、酒精度呈先升高后趋于稳定的趋势;总酸、总糖含量呈先下降后趋于稳定的趋势;挥发酸含量呈上升趋势。主发酵结束后,李子果酒的酒精度为11.10%vol、总酸含量为9.13 g/L、pH值为3.76、挥发酸含量为0.25 g/L、总糖含量为22.90 g/L。主要变化的挥发性物质为6种醇类(乙醇、1-己醇、异戊醇、异丁醇、顺式-3-己烯-1醇、苯基乙醇)和6种酯类(乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯)。通过对李子果酒主发酵过程动态变化分析,为提高李子果酒品质提供理论依据。  相似文献   

14.
The objectives of this study were to identify and compare the composition, flavor, and volatile components of serum protein concentrate (SPC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) containing about 34% protein made from the same milk to each other and to commercial 34% WPC from 6 different factories. The SPC and WPC were manufactured in triplicate with each pair of serum and traditional whey protein manufactured from the same lot of milk. At each replication, SPC and WPC were spray dried (SD) and freeze dried (FD) to determine the effect of the heat used in spray drying on sensory properties. A trained sensory panel documented the sensory profiles of rehydrated SD or FD powders. Volatile components were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solvent extraction followed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry. Whey protein concentrates had higher fat content, calcium, and glycomacropeptide content than SPC. Color differences (Hunter L, a, b) were not evident between SPC and WPC powders, but when rehydrated, SPC solutions were clear, whereas WPC solutions were cloudy. No consistent differences were documented in sensory profiles of SD and FD SPC and WPC. The SD WPC had low but distinct buttery (diacetyl) and cardboard flavors, whereas the SD SPC did not. Sensory profiles of both rehydrated SD products were bland and lower in overall aroma and cardboard flavor compared with the commercial WPC. Twenty-nine aroma impact compounds were identified in the SPC and WPC. Lipid and protein oxidation products were present in both products. The SPC and WPC manufactured in this study had lower total volatiles and lower concentrations of many lipid oxidation compounds when compared with commercial WPC. Our results suggest that when SPC and WPC are manufactured under controlled conditions in a similar manner from the same milk using the same ultrafiltration equipment, there are few sensory differences but distinct compositional and physical property differences that may influence functionality. Furthermore, flavor (sensory and instrumental) properties of both pilot-scale manufactured protein powders were different from commercial powders suggesting the role of other influencing factors (e.g., milk supply, processing equipment, sanitation).  相似文献   

15.
采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,对泸州老窖浓香型白酒(泸型酒)酿造过程中上、中、下层酒醅的主要挥发性风味物质的变化规律进行分析,并基于酯类物质进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果表明,三层酒醅的主要挥发性风味物质为醇类、酸类和酯类,其在不同层酒醅发酵过程中的变化趋势相似,醇类物质相对含量变化不明显;发酵前期(0~15 d),酯类物质相对含量上升,酸类物质相对含量下降,发酵后期(18~39 d)这两种物质变化趋于平稳。发酵结束时,上层酒醅主要挥发性风味物质含量最高,下层酒醅次之,中层酒醅最低。PCA结果表明,泸型酒发酵过程分两个阶段,发酵前期特征酯类物质为乙酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯等,发酵后期特征酯类物质为己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯等。  相似文献   

16.
Whey protein ingredients are used in a wide variety of products and are added primarily for nutritional benefits or functionality, not for flavor. However, the processes used to further refine fluid whey produce and encourage development of off-flavors that carry through to the final product. From the milk source to spray drying, each step contributes to the oxidation of lipids, which negatively affects flavor. An understanding of the sources of these flavor constituents and volatile compounds, as well as how they are formed during processing and handling, are important to eliminate or reduce undesirable flavors and for understanding how to best incorporate these ingredients into high-quality finished products.  相似文献   

17.
李张伟 《食品与机械》2024,41(2):152-160,167
目的:优化凤凰单丛茶加工工艺。方法:采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)、气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)和分光光度计法等对凤凰单丛茶加工过程中不同阶段的茶叶挥发性香气和非挥发性生化成分进行提取、测定及分析。结果:加工过程中,凤凰单丛茶的醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类物质含量呈下降趋势,烷烃类和芳香环类物质含量呈上升趋势;非挥发性生化成分中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱和儿茶素含量逐渐减少;可溶性糖含量和水浸出物含量则逐渐增加。茶叶香气中,吲哚、α-法尼烯、橙花叔醇等含量大幅增加,是凤凰单丛茶茶叶重要的挥发性香气成分。结论:加工过程中,凤凰单丛茶的苦涩味和青草气逐渐减少,花果香味气体逐渐增加,形成了凤凰单丛茶特有的花果香味和香醇口感。  相似文献   

18.
Ricotta forte is a traditional whey cheese, obtained through natural fermentation of fresh ricotta, that is getting increasing attention by food traders. In view of possible initiatives for its valorization, the chemical and sensory characteristics were investigated. Samples were obtained from 14 different manufacturer, and were subjected to chemical, biochemical, volatile organic compound, and sensory analyses. All samples presented low pH with high moisture (62–66%) and fat content (57–60% on dry matter). From a biochemical point of view, the electrophoretic patterns evidenced that β-lactoglobulin was the main protein present at all sample ages. Only intermediate levels of proteolysis (20.69% ripening index) took place during aging, whereas the main biochemical event in this dairy product was lipolysis (2.10 mEq/g of acid degree value). Accordingly, free fatty acids dominated the volatile organic compound profile and strongly influenced the sensory characteristics with flavor described as rancid, pungent, acrid, and smelly feet: all associated with short-chain fatty acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, and caproic. Finally, the sample age did not influence chemical composition, whereas it had significant effect on lipolysis and flavor intensity.  相似文献   

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