阿魏菇多糖超声微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性

以阿魏菇作为原料,水作为提取溶剂,通过响应面优化超声-微波协同辅助提取阿魏菇多糖工艺,并和传统水浴浸提法进行比较,采用清除DPPH·、·OH和O_2~-·模型对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明:超声-微波辅助提取阿魏菇多糖的最佳的工艺条件为:料液比1∶50(g/m L),提取时间10 min,微波功率60 W。与传统水浴浸提法相比,超声-微波辅助提取缩短了提取时间,阿魏菇多糖的得率由2.23%增加到5.6%。超声-微波协同辅助提取对阿魏菇多糖的结构基本没有影响。阿魏菇多糖具有较强的清除DPPH·、·OH和O_2~-·的能力,并与质量浓度呈一定正相关关系,当阿魏菇多糖质量浓度达到5 mg/m L时,对DPPH·、·OH和O_2~-·的清除率分别达到67%、59%和63%,但弱于VC的抗氧化活性。     

樟头红青皮总酚超声波提取工艺及其抗氧化性分析

采用超声波辅助提取樟头红青皮总酚,通过单因素试验,结合响应面法,确定了樟头红青皮总酚的最适提取工艺,并通过4个抗氧化体系(DPPH,ABTS~+,·OH,还原能力)来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:樟头红青皮总酚的最适提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度56.2%、料液比1:52、超声时间22.5 min、超声功率108.3 W、提取2次,此条件下总酚得率为25.04 mg/g。樟头红青皮总酚对DPPH、ABTS~+、·OH自由基的清除能力和还原能力低于Vc,差异极显著(P0.01);樟头红青皮总酚对DPPH、ABTS~+自由基的清除能力很强,半抑制浓度分别为1.160 mg/mL和1.477 mg/mL;在一定浓度范围内,樟头红青皮总酚浓度越高,其对·OH自由基的清除能力和还原能力越强。     

全缘栝楼多糖及提取物不同极性部位抗氧化研究

研究全缘栝楼多糖和提取物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性。采用清除羟自由基(OH·)、[2,2'-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二氨盐]自由基(ABTS+·)、DPPH测定法以及Fe3+还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)法,评价全缘栝楼多糖和提取物不同极性部位的抗氧化能力。全缘栝楼多糖和提取物不同极性部位清除DPPH·能力均强于抗坏血酸(IC50=1.22 mg/m L),且多糖(IC50=0.030 mg/m L)和乙酸乙酯层(IC50=0.082 mg/m L)比茶多酚强(IC50=0.118 mg/m L);多糖(IC50=0.031 mg/m L)清除OH·能力比茶多酚(IC50=0.032 mg/m L)和抗坏血酸(IC50=0.044 mg/m L)强,而石油醚层(IC50=0.033 mg/m L)和乙酸乙酯层(IC50=0.038 mg/m L)强于抗坏血酸;清除ABTS+·能力均强于茶多酚(IC50=0.416 mg/m L),且多糖(IC50=0.008 mg/m L)强于抗坏血酸(IC50=0.011 mg/m L);Fe3+还原/抗氧化能力均强于茶多酚(FRA P=1 310.8μmol/g),但比抗坏血酸弱(FRAP=31 469μmol/g)。全缘栝楼多糖和提取物不同极性部位有较强的抗氧化能力,为其生物活性的深入研究提供了参考依据。     

微波提取白鹃梅黄酮类物质及其抗氧化活性研究

本文以白鹃梅为原料,采用微波辅助提取白鹃梅中黄酮类化合物。在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法对微波功率、时间、料液比、温度进行优化;并对其体外抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,微波功率、时间、温度对总黄酮提取量影响比较显著;最佳工艺条件为:微波功率357 W,时间63 min,料液比1∶26 g/m L,微波温度47℃,由此得到白鹃梅总黄酮提取量为14.59 mg/g,与预测值14.67 mg/g的相对误差为0.5%。总黄酮清除DPPH·、·OH、O-2·以及的IC50值分别为0.52、0.55、1.18 mg/m L。其清除DPPH·、·OH的能力高于BHT,而低于VC;清除O-2·的能力均低于VC、BHT。结论:微波辅助提取法能够提高白鹃梅中总黄酮提取量,且白鹃梅中黄酮类物质具有一定能力的抗氧化活性。     

白及多糖的超声-微波协同提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究白及多糖的超声-微波协同提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性。方法:以多糖得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验对料液比、浸泡时间、微波功率和协同提取时间4个影响因素进行考察,采用正交实验设计对超声波-微波协同提取白及多糖的工艺条件进行优化,并研究白及多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比20∶1 m L/g,浸泡时间6 min,微波功率200 W,协同提取时间5 min,该工艺条件下多糖得率达6.98%±0.19%。单独超声波提取法和单独微波提取法的多糖得率仅为超声-微波协同提取法的46.28%和87.96%,表明超声-微波协同提取优于单独超声波提取和单独微波提取。抗氧化活性研究表明在实验范围内,白及多糖对O-2·无明显清除作用,但对·OH和DPPH·具有明显的清除作用,采用超声-微波协同提取法提取的白及多糖较微波提取法具有更高的·OH和DPPH·清除活性,当多糖浓度为0.5 mg/m L时,对·OH和DPPH·清除率分别为92.82%和74.21%。结论:超声-微波协同提取具有省时高效的特点,特别适用于多糖类物质的提取。     

核桃青皮果蔬酵素的成分组成及体外抗氧化活性研究

以核桃青皮和果蔬为原料,经过发酵、纯化制得核桃青皮果蔬酵素,对酵素的化学成分、功效酶和主要抗氧化成分含量进行测定,并对其抗氧化功效进行评估。结果表明:核桃青皮果蔬酵素的可溶性固形物、酸度、总糖和总蛋白含量分别为29.300%、1.959%、11.802 mg/m L和39.000 mg/m L,经感官品尝,酵素液酸甜适口、果醋香浓郁;其矿物质元素也较丰富,含量呈现KClMgNaCaPFeZn的趋势;酵素内功效酶测定结果显示,超氧化物歧化酶活性很高,可达1980.250 U/m L,而淀粉酶活较低;酵素内4个主要抗氧化成分含量高低顺序为:抗坏血酸总花青素总黄酮总多酚,其黄酮含量与冬枣酵素相当,而多酚含量远小于葡萄酵素;与火龙果酵素相比,核桃青皮果蔬酵素显示出更强的清除DPPH·、O_2~-·、·OH能力,同时核桃青皮果蔬酵素呈现出良好的还原力和总抗氧化能力,而对金属离子的螯合能力则较差。     

微波辅助提取垂丝海棠花中多糖及其抗氧化研究

目的:优化垂丝海棠花中多糖的微波提取工艺。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,研究提取时间、微波功率、料液比对垂丝海棠花中多糖含量的影响,确立最佳提取工艺。同时,以DPPH自由基清除能力、还原Fe3+能力、清除·OH能力为指标研究垂丝海棠花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果:垂丝海棠花中多糖的最佳提取工艺为:微波提取时间15min,液料比30∶1(g/g),微波功率3k W。抗氧化实验结果表明,在达到最大浓度0.96mg/m L时,垂丝海棠花多糖(微波)、垂丝海棠花多糖(煮沸)对DPPH自由基的清除率依次为69.8%、59.5%,垂丝海棠花多糖(微波)、垂丝海棠花多糖(煮沸)对·OH自由基的清除率依次为80.1%、58.2%,对还原Fe3+能力较强。显示垂丝海棠花多糖有一定抗氧化活性,且垂丝海棠花多糖(微波)较垂丝海棠花多糖(煮沸)活性强。结论:微波提取垂丝海棠花中多糖较常规提取效率高,时间短,且抗氧化活性强。     

松针多糖微波提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

采用微波辅助法对松针多糖提取工艺进行了研究,通过考察提取温度、提取时间、提取功率和料液比对松针多糖得率的影响,在单因素实验基础上进行正交优化,确定了提取的最佳工艺参数为:提取温度90℃、提取时间10 min、提取功率800 W、料液比1∶14(g·m L~(-1)),提取两次,在优化条件下松针多糖的提取得率最高达2.1698%;此外,通过测定松针多糖还原能力、清除自由基的能力评价了其抗氧化活性,结果表明,松针多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力,对DPPH、·OH、ABTS~+·的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.291、1.793、0.617 mg/m L。     

杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化降血脂活性

目的:采用响应面法优化杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖提取工艺,并研究杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖的体外抗氧化降血脂活性。方法:通过单因素实验考察了提取时间、液料比、提取温度等对杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖得率的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺。考察了杜仲叶多糖对DPPH·,·OH,ABTS+的清除能力以及铁还原能力,并进行胆酸盐结合试验评价降血脂作用。结果:杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖最佳提取工艺如下:提取时间为1.5 h、液料比为25 m L/g、提取温度为51℃,在该最佳条件下,杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖得率为8.4769%。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,当多糖浓度为100μg/m L时,对ABTS+的清除率达98.74%;当多糖浓度为60μg/m L时,对DPPH自由基的清除率为69.28%;当多糖浓度为0.875 mg/m L时,对·OH的清除率为43.97%;当多糖浓度为0.28 mg/m L,杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖的铁还原力可达Vc的53.08%。体外降血脂实验结果表明,当多糖浓度为4.8 mg/m L时,其对牛磺胆酸盐和甘氨胆酸盐的结合率分别达到35.74%和63.77%。结论:该杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖优选提取工艺稳定可行,杜仲叶茯砖茶多糖具有较好的体外抗氧化降血脂活性。     

微波辅助提取银杏叶多糖工艺及其体外抗氧化活性研究

以水作为提取溶剂、银杏叶多糖提取率为指标,采用微波辅助提取法,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对银杏叶多糖的微波辅助提取工艺进行优化,并采用清除DPPH自由基、 ·OH和O2 ·模型对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价,并与VC进行比较。结果表明：微波辅助提取银杏叶多糖的最佳出工艺条件为微波功率480W、液料比30:1(mL/g)、提取时间8min、提取2次,多糖得率为14.70%。银杏叶多糖具有较强的清除DPPH自由基、 ·OH的能力,并与质量浓度呈一定正相关关系,清除O2 ·能力弱,清除率与多糖质量浓度的关系不显著。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press