丁二酰化香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能及其结构表征

研究了丁二酸酐修饰的香蕉纤维素对水溶液中Pb~(2+)的吸附特性,明确改性香蕉纤维素吸附剂的添加量、溶液pH值、温度及Pb~(2+)初始质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并探讨吸附过程的动力学特征。结果表明,改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)吸附的最佳pH值为5.0,单位吸附量随吸附剂添加量的减小、Pb~(2+)初始质量浓度的增加而增加。在优化试验条件下,1 g/L的吸附剂在30℃时,对pH5的50 m L 100 mg/L Pb~(2+)溶液中,单位吸附量达到44.3 mg/g。改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学模型,拟合系数在0.999以上。结合傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜-热重分析和X射线衍射分析手段,发现改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附以物理吸附为主,同时包括螯合作用、离子交换等化学吸附及颗粒内扩散等过程。     

含铬废革屑负载锆对水中氟的吸附

将锆(IV)负载在含铬废革屑上制备新型氟吸附材料(Zr CrF),并研究了其对水体中氟离子(F-)的吸附特性.结果表明,pH对Zr CrF吸附F-有较大影响,适宜的pH范围为4.0~9.0;当温度为303 K、F-的初始质量浓度为95.0 mg/L、吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,Zr CrF对F-的吸附容量为64.1 mg/g,而当吸附剂用量增加到3.0 g/L时,F-的去除率达到99.0%;Zr CrF对F-的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学可用拟二级速率方程描述;溶液中共存的SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-基本不影响Zr CrF对F-的吸附,但PO3-4和CO2-3会对吸附产生一定影响.     

等离子体接枝法制备PET-g-AM纤维的铜离子吸附性能研究

考察了丙烯酰胺接枝改性聚酯纤维(PET-g-AM)的吸附性能,研究了改性纤维作为吸附剂对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附过程,探讨了溶液pH、吸附温度、吸附时间、Cu~(2+)初始质量浓度对吸附量的影响。采用Freundlich、Langmuir等温吸附方程和准一级动力学、准二级动力学模型进行模拟,结果表明,改性后的聚酯纤维对Cu~(2+)具有良好的吸附效果,吸附过程符合Freundlich方程和准二级动力学模型。     

高锰酸钾改性汉麻对重金属离子镉的吸附性能研究

以高锰酸钾改性汉麻作为吸附剂,通过测定镉溶液的pH值、改性汉麻吸附时间、Cd~(~(2+))初始质量浓度研究高锰酸钾改性汉麻对重金属离子Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,并通过傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和模型拟合分析,探讨汉麻纤维对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性与吸附机理。结果表明:汉麻经高锰酸钾改性能有效提高对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,且在溶液酸性条件下(pH5.5),溶液初始质量浓度为0.08mg/L,吸附时间为30min时,高锰酸钾改性汉麻纤维对Cd~(2+)的吸附效果最佳;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型。     

鸡蛋膜对水中铜离子的吸附作用

探究鸡蛋膜吸附剂对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附效果,利用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠萃取光度法测定溶液中的Cu~(2+)浓度,研究吸附剂粒径,pH,吸附剂用量,吸附温度和吸附时间与Cu~(2+)吸附量之间的关系。结果发现当吸附体系pH值为5,过60目筛鸡蛋膜吸附剂用量为15 g·L~(-1)时,吸附剂对水中Cu~(2+)达到最优吸附效果,吸附量为6.4 mg·g-1;其它共存离子(Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Zn~(2+))对Cu~(2+)的吸附影响较小。对等温吸附过程进行测定和模型拟合,发现Langmuir方程拟合效果好,判断鸡蛋膜对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附作用属于单分子层吸附。对吸附过程进行动力学模型拟合,发现Lagergren准二级动力学模型可以很好地描述鸡蛋膜对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学行为。本研究结果可以为鸡蛋膜在生物传感器和吸附剂方面的应用提供参考。     

废弃革制品中的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

以废弃革制品中的皮革为吸附剂,进行了去除废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究。考察了废弃革制品皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,废弃革制品中皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程拟合;随着吸附剂投加量的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率在不断升高最后趋于稳定;吸附时间延长,废弃革制品的皮革对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量逐渐增大,拟二级动力学模型适用于废弃革制品的皮革吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程;溶液pH值增大,废弃革制品的皮革吸附溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随之减小;而温度升高,废弃革制品的皮革吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增大的幅度不是很大。故利用废弃革制品的皮革制备吸附剂吸附废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有一定的应用价值。     

罗非鱼鱼鳞对水中Cd2+的吸附

通过红外光谱、BET、吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析鱼鳞吸附机理,考察Cd2+初始质量浓度和溶液pH等对罗非鱼鱼鳞吸附水中Cd2+性能的影响.结果表明,优化吸附条件:吸附剂2 g/L,pH为3～7,298 K,吸附平衡时间60 min;动力学研究得到的最大吸附容量达159 mg/g;另外,鱼鳞对Cd2+的吸附过程符合Lag...     

改性废棉对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

为扩展废棉的回用价值,利用柠檬酸对废棉进行羧基化改性,并研究其对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,分析了吸附时间、Cu~(2+)溶液初始浓度、p H值等参数对吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,改性废弃棉对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能远远优于未改性废弃棉,并随吸附时间、Cu~(2+)溶液的初始浓度、p H值等参数的增加而增长,增长速度由大到小到不变。吸附平衡时间为300 min,初始质量浓度为1 400 mg/L,对Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量为116.4 mg/g,最佳吸附p H值为4~5。使用吸附动力学和吸附等温线模型来分析其吸附机制,结果表明:吸附动力学模型更符合伪二级动力学模型,改性废弃棉对Cu~(2+)吸附属于化学吸附;吸附等温线模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型更吻合,属于单层吸附。     

剩余污泥吸附剂对水中Zn~(2+)离子的吸附

采用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥制备吸附剂,通过静态吸附试验,测定其对水中Zn~(2+)的吸附能力。研究了溶液pH值、溶液中Zn~(2+)浓度、污泥投加量、吸附温度和时间对Zn~(2+)吸附的影响。结果表明,在溶液pH值为6~7,Zn~(2+)质量浓度为20.00 mg/L,污泥投加量为2.0g/L的条件下,吸附剂对Zn~(2+)的吸附作用最佳,且一定范围内(10~50℃)的温度变化对其影响不大,吸附作用平衡时间为4h。吸附热力学数据表明,污泥对Zn~(2+)的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程;在此条件下,吸附剂对废水中Zn~(2+)的吸附量最大达到33.29 mg/g。     

沸石改性聚丙烯酰胺复合材料对诱惑红色素的吸附研究

本实验采用一锅法合成了沸石改性聚丙烯酰胺复合材料,并将其作为吸附剂,结合紫外-可见吸收光谱法,研究了其对诱惑红色素的吸附性能。探讨了溶液pH和振荡时间对吸附过程的影响,研究了吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学,并对该复合材料进行了再生性能考察。结果表明:在溶液pH为6,诱惑红色素在振荡时间为80 min之内可达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型(R2=0.9984)和Langmuir等温吸附模型;当温度为20 ℃时,ΔG=(4.23 kJ/mol,ΔH=39.01 kJ/mol,ΔS=145.22 J/mol/K;吸附剂在再生使用3次内吸附性稳定。由此可知,沸石改性聚丙烯酰胺复合材料对吸附诱惑红色素具有良好的吸附性和再生性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press