光皮树果实不同部位油脂组成分析

对光皮树果实中果肉、种核、种仁3个部位的油脂含量及其脂肪酸组成进行了分析,结果表明,果肉中油脂占全果总合油比例为66.95%,种核中油脂占16.96%,种仁中油脂占16.09%.3部位油脂均含有亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和花生酸,只是相对含量不同,其中果肉中油脂主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸(24.41%)、亚油酸(32.46%)、油酸(30.07%)、硬脂酸(1.64%)、花生酸(3.09%);种核中油脂的主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸(12.48%)、亚油酸(54.79%)、油酸(26.93%)、硬脂酸(2.18%)、花生酸(1.63%);种仁中油脂主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸(6.61%)、亚油酸(58.80%)、油酸(22.32%)、硬脂酸(2.03%)、花生酸(0.65%).     

光核桃仁油和蛋白质同步提取工艺优化及油脂品质分析

以西藏光核桃为原料,采用水剂法提取结合酶法破乳技术分离其中的油脂和蛋白质,优化了光核桃仁油脂与蛋白质水剂法同步提取的工艺条件,并分析了油脂的主要理化指标及脂肪酸组成。结果表明:西藏光核桃仁油与蛋白质同步提取最优工艺为物料粒径150目、液料比8:1 (mL/g)、pH 10、浸提温度50℃、提取时间5h、搅拌速度80r/min,该工艺条件下核桃仁油提取率为(67.79±2.97)%,蛋白质提取率为(78.13±1.53)%。光核桃仁油脂具有优良的理化性质,并检测出12种脂肪酸组分,主要由顺式油酸(57.32%)、亚油酸(31.65%)、棕榈酸(6.49%)和硬脂酸(2.29%)组成,其中饱和脂肪酸7种,单不饱和脂肪酸3种,多不饱和脂肪酸2种;油脂以不饱和脂肪酸为主,相对百分含量为89.43%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸相对百分含量为31.76%,单不饱和脂肪酸相对百分含量为57.67%。     

不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成分析

以国内外不同品种的核桃仁为材料,采用酸水解法和气相色谱法,测定不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成,结果表明核桃仁中脂肪含量在65%左右,其中脂肪酸分别由棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸等8种脂肪酸组成。其中棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、花生酸属于饱和脂肪酸,其含量在50～70g/kg左右,油酸、花生一烯酸属于单不饱和脂肪酸,含量在100～150g/kg之间,亚油酸、α-亚麻酸属于多不饱和脂肪酸,含量达到了410～490g/kg。     

棉籽油脂肪酸组成分析与评价

以收集于我国棉花主产区的82 份棉籽为实验材料,用全自动索氏浸提装置提取棉籽油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和气相色谱仪对棉籽油脂肪酸组成进行定性和定量分析,探讨不同产地棉籽油脂肪酸组成的差异,并用主成分分析法对棉籽油的特征脂肪酸进行筛选。结果表明,棉籽仁出油率在18.84%～30.28%之间,平均出油率为24.95%。棉籽油中含有13 种脂肪酸,主要以亚油酸（51.99%～60.88%）、棕榈酸（18.30%～25.68%）和油酸（12.28%～18.50%）为主,其中不饱和脂肪酸占73.62%,多不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸、亚麻酸占57.44%。除十七烷酸外,不同产地的棉籽油脂肪酸含量差异显著,并呈现明显的地域性。豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、锦葵酸、亚油酸、苹婆酸、二氢苹婆酸和花生酸是棉籽油的特征脂肪酸。     

蓖麻油快速甲酯化方法及其脂肪酸含量分析

对40份蓖麻品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、出仁率、含油率、不同脂肪酸含量及蓖麻油快速甲酯化方法进行了研究.结果表明:不同品种蓖麻籽的百粒重、含油率及主要脂肪酸蓖麻油酸的含量差别较大,百粒重变化范围为:21.42～86.77 g,出仁率较为集中,均在72.61%～79.48%之间,含油率变化范围为:45.72%～57.48%;蓖麻油主要含有蓖麻油酸、油酸、亚油酸及少量的棕榈酸、硬脂酸,蓖麻油酸、油酸、亚油酸的变化范围依次为:81.46%～90.24%、2.83%～6.13%、4.29%～7.82%,棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量均为1%左右;蓖麻油快速甲酯化条件为:蓖麻油用量(＜70 mg),KOH-CH3OH浓度0.5 mol/L,用量0.2 mL,室温下甲酯化2 min.     

3种含笑属植物种子含油量和脂肪酸分析

测定了含笑属中平伐含笑、球花含笑和乐昌含笑3种植物种子的含油量,并用气相色谱对其油脂进行了脂肪酸组成和相对含量分析。结果表明:3种含笑属植物种子的含油量介于39%～44%之间,乐昌含笑的含油量最高,为44%;3种含笑属植物种子油的主要成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸,油酸和亚油酸的含量相对较高,油酸相对含量介于22.05%～33.73%之间,亚油酸相对含量介于36.18%～50.43%之间,总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量介于70.74%～74.20%之间。通过综合分析,该属的这3种植物都可以作为新的油料植物资源。     

光皮树籽抽出物的成分分析

为了分析光皮树籽抽提物的化学成分,采用无水乙醇、丙酮、正己烷、石油醚和乙酸乙酯分别抽提光皮树籽,抽出物经活性炭脱色后进行GC-MS 分析。结果发现,无水乙醇和丙酮抽出物中主要含有游离的棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸,其中亚油酸相对含量最高,达到52% 以上,油酸相对含量最低,不超过8.2%。正己烷、石油醚和乙酸乙酯抽出物中甘三酯的脂肪酸组成主要是棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸,其中油酸相对含量最高,达到42% 以上,其次是亚油酸,总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量超过70%。抽出物中未发现三不饱和脂肪酸。     

油菜籽成熟过程中主要营养成分变化研究

油菜籽品质的变化与其生育期密切相关。为获得优质油菜籽,以不同采收期的甘蓝型双低黄籽油菜籽为实验材料,对其含油量、蛋白质含量、以及多种脂肪酸含量等指标进行测定,及对各指标进行相关性分析。结果表明:供试的油菜籽在成熟过程中,含水量呈下降趋势,含油量在成熟中期上升较快,后期趋缓终花后32d达到35.33%;蛋白质含量变化较小,在成熟前期有一定上升,中后期变化平缓;总糖含量呈下降趋势,变化范围为13%~8%;油酸相对含量总体呈现缓慢上升趋势,最高值达56.99%;亚油酸和亚麻酸总体呈现缓慢下降趋势;棕榈酸和硬脂酸也有一定程度变化,但是变化幅度不大;油脂含量与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,其与总糖含量呈极显著正相关;油酸的相对含量与亚麻酸的相对含量呈现显著负相关;亚油酸相对含量与亚麻酸相对含量呈现极显著的负相关;亚麻酸的相对含量与棕榈酸相对含量呈现显著正相关。综合考虑各物质的积累变化规律,在终花后的第29d至32d为最佳采收时间。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析棕榈果脂肪酸组成

采用索氏抽提法分别提取棕榈果肉和棕榈果仁中的油脂,以氢氧化钾—甲醇溶液对油脂进行甲酯化处理,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析。从棕榈果肉和棕榈仁的油脂中均分离并鉴定了9种脂肪酸,其中棕榈果肉中饱和脂肪酸质量分数为49.5%,主要有棕榈酸和硬脂酸,不饱和脂肪酸主要有油酸、亚油酸以及少量的亚麻酸和13,16-二十二碳二烯酸。棕榈仁中饱和脂肪酸80%以上,其中月桂酸质量分数达到41.5%,肉豆蔻酸和棕榈酸含量也较高,此外还含有少量的己酸、辛酸、癸酸和硬脂酸,不饱和脂肪酸有油酸和亚油酸。     

气相色谱法测定薏仁米脂肪酸组成

采用气相色谱法测定薏仁米中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:贵州省A地区和B地区的薏仁米中,含量较高的脂肪酸为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其含量分别为:A地区油酸(49.815%)、亚油酸(32.449%)、棕榈酸(12.234%)及硬脂酸(2.080%);B地区油酸(50.402%)、亚油酸(33.238%)、棕榈酸(12.389%)及硬脂酸(1.984%)。其中A、B两个地区的薏仁米的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量分别高达83.726%、84.996%。     

GLC-MS Analysis of Fatty Acids From Five Black Walnut Cultivars

The lipids from kernels of five black walnut cultivars were extracted by solvent extraction and the fatty acids were analyzed as their methyl esters by GLC-MS analyses. Twenty-one fatty acids were identified in each cultivar. Five acids, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic, were present in quantities greater than 1% of total lipids present. Quantities of the individual fatty acids varied significantly among cultivars (P > 0.05) except for palmitic. Linoleic was the predominant fatty acid in all cultivars. Oleic and linoleic comprised greater than 85% of the lipids present in the walnut kernels.     

GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND MATURITY EFFECTS ON PECAN KERNEL LIPID, FATTY ACID, TOCOPHEROL, AND PROTEIN COMPOSITION

Concentrations of kernel oil, fatty acids, protein, and tocopherols were analyzed in 70 cultivars and selections to assess genetic, environmental, and maturity effects on composition. The most abundant fatty acids in pecan kernels were oleic > linoleic > palmitic > stearic > linolenic, and their concentrations varied with genotype, maturity, and year of production. The concentration of oil and protein in individual lines ranged from 60 to 76% and 7 to 17%, respectively. The lipid composition of 8 individual cultivars varied substantially due to production year, with the degree of variation being cultivar dependent. An inverse linear relationship was found between the concentration of oleic and linoleic acids. During maturation, there was a general decline in linoleic acid with a commensurate increase in oleic, yielding a progressively more mono-unsaturated oil.     

Nutritional composition of Canarium pimela L. kernels

The kernels of Canarium pimela L., obtained from Guangdong Province, PR China, were analysed for their proximate composition, fatty acid composition, amino acid profile and mineral contents. The kernels were abundant in fats (59.7%) and proteins (23.9%). The acid, iodine, and saponification values of the kernel oil were 0.33, 92.4 and 191, respectively. Oleic acid (43.0%) and linoleic acid (26.5%) constituted the main unsaturated fatty acids of the kernel oil, while palmitic acid (24.8%) was the major saturated fatty acid. The kernel proteins were rich in glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid (21.0%, 12.5%, and 6.80%, respectively), but not the limiting amino acid lysine (2.37%). The mineral elements were also involved in this study. The results indicated that C. pimela L. kernels may be a potential source of oil or protein for the human diet.     

Nutritional composition of the kernels from Canarium album L.

The kernels from Canarium album L. (also called Chinese olive), largely cultivated in the southeast of China, were analyzed for their nutritional composition. The kernels had a high percentage of fats (52.8%) and proteins (29.5%). Soxhlet extracted kernel oil presented acid, iodine and saponification values of 0.56, 84.6 and 192, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of kernel oil revealed that oleic acid (30.5%) and linoleic acid (41.8%) were the major unsaturated fatty acids, while palmitic acid (18.0%), stearic acid (7.83%) and arachidic acid (0.39%) were the main saturated ones. Potassium, calcium and magnesium were the predominant mineral elements present in the kernels. Sodium, iron, manganese and zinc were also detected in appreciable amounts. The kernel proteins were rich in arginine, glutamic and aspartic acids (3.19%, 5.02% and 2.47%, respectively) while the limiting amino acids were methionine and lysine.     

The evaluation of oil and fatty acid composition in seed of cotton accessions from various countries

Cottonseed oil has a 2:1 ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, but in large amounts it contributes to a short shelf‐life due to rancidity. The aim of this study was to screen germplasm from various countries for oil and fatty acid content, to identify parents that can be used in hybridisation to increase stearic and oleic acids and reduce palmitic fatty acids. Oil content varied from 13.6% to 24.7%. Linoleic acid ranged from 51.5% to 63%, palmitic from 19.2% to 25.6%, oleic from 14.2% to 18.5% and stearic from 2.1% to 2.8%. Stearic and palmitic acids were positively correlated, and stearic and linoleic acids were negatively correlated; therefore breeding for increased stearic acid and reduced palmitic acid as well as breeding for increased stearic and linoleic acids at the same time might be difficult through conventional breeding. CIM70 and Cyto 12/74 had high values for stearic and oleic acids and Stoneville had high values of stearic and oleic acids and low palmitic acid. These can be used as parents to improve these two fractions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

牡丹籽油化学成分GC-MS分析

牡丹种籽经石油醚-乙酸乙酯(7:1)索氏提取,三氟化硼甲醇甲酯化后,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对牡丹籽油组分进行分析;共鉴定37种成分,主要为亚麻酸、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸占总量83.42%,饱和脂肪酸占14.662%。     

广西河池、百色和梧州油茶种子含油率和脂肪酸组成测定

选取广西油茶重点产区河池、百色和梧州的主要油茶品种普通油茶、岑溪软枝油茶及大果红花油茶的种子为原料,石油醚为溶剂提取油茶种子的油脂及测定含油率,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同油茶籽油试样的脂肪酸成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：4个不同产地不同品种的油茶种子出仁率为53.29%～68.91%;干籽含油率为47.05%～59.51%;GC-MS共鉴定出14种脂肪酸,单不饱和酸含量为72.91%～80.11%,其中河池巴马软枝油茶籽油的单不饱和酸含量最高,为80.11%,主要成分是油酸;多不饱和酸含量为5.85%～9.14%,其中梧州岑溪软枝油茶籽油的多不饱和酸含量最高,为9.14%,主要成分是亚油酸;饱和脂肪酸含量为13.62%～17.95%,主要成分为棕榈酸和硬脂酸;同时,广西油茶籽油中含有少量的9,10-环氧-十八碳烷酸尚未见报道。