涂布纸中增塑剂的超声萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定

以三氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,在常温下对涂布纸中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂进行超声萃取,萃取产物进行气相色谱/串联质谱测定,从而建立了一种气相色谱/串联质谱方法,对涂布纸中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂进行了同时测定。该方法定量下限低,在S/N=10的条件下,DMPP、DIDP和DINP的定量下限分别为0.1mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.2mg/kg,其余邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的定量下限均小于0.05mg/kg。该方法的平均加标回收率为82.3%～102.8%,精密度RSD均小于13%。该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,定性定量准确,适用于涂布纸中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的同时测定。对市售涂布纸的测定结果表明,部分涂布纸中含有多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯

为检测白酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的残留量,建立了液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物。样品采用沸水浴加热先除去乙醇后再用正己烷提取测定,在0.5~8.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997,检出限为0.02~0.05mg/L,样品加标回收率为82%~106%,结果表明:该方法操作简便、分析快速,能够满足于白酒中16种PAEs的检测分析要求。     

单滴微萃取—气相色谱—质谱联用法检测食品中5种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂

建立酱油、醋和果汁样品中5种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)塑化剂的单滴微萃取结合气相色谱—质谱联用检测方法。采用气相色谱—质谱仪进行测定。结果表明:5种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂在1~10mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.995);5种PAEs在3种样品基质中3个添加水平的平均回收率在75.4%~113.0%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为2.4%~7.3%和1.9%~8.5%。5种PAEs中DBP检出率最大为100%,且检出量均超出GB 9685—2008规定的限值0.3 mg/kg。塑料袋、塑料瓶和纸盒包装样品中PAEs的量高于玻璃瓶包装的样品。该方法操作简单,快速,灵敏度高,可以满足酱油、醋和果汁等类样品中PAEs的检测要求。     

GC-QQQ法测定白酒中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物

建立了白酒中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物的液液萃取-离心分离净化/GC-QQQ分析方法。方法的检测浓度线性范围为0.1~2 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.996,检出限为0.1~5μg/L,样品的加标回收率为84.2%~111.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.8%~3.9%,RSD(n=5)。方法前处理过程简单、溶剂用量小、净化效果好、抗干扰能力强,完全适合于白酒中17种邻苯二甲酸酯污染物的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定白酒中16种塑化剂

建立了气相色谱-电子轰击离子化-质谱法(GC-EI-MS)同时分析白酒试样中16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量的分析方法。通过对白酒试样采用沸水浴蒸发处理、氮吹浓缩处理、加水稀释处理、直接提取4种前处理方法进行处理,最终确定沸水浴蒸发处理-正己烷液液萃取,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)为最佳分析方法。结果表明,方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg,线性范围为0.3~10 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.995,样品测定相对标准偏差≤7.2%,加标回收率为85%~120%之间。     

超声萃取-气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测法同时测定涂布纸中21种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

以三氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,超声萃取纸品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,提取产物进行气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测法测定,从而建立了一种同时测定纸品中21种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性定量准确。该方法的平均回收率为81.98%～106.82%,精密度试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.11%～9.75%。DIDP和DINP的检出限分别为2.0、1.0mg/kg,其余各组分的检出限均小于0.4mg/kg。采用该方法对市售涂布纸进行测定,结果在部分涂布纸中检出邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定白酒中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量

该实验采用气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）建立了白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯类的检测方法,并对市售不同品种白酒中的17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量进行测定。结果表明,以正己烷为萃取溶剂、萃取温度为40℃、萃取时间为40 min;在此条件下,17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂能够得到很好的分离,在质量浓度为0～1μg/mL范围内,17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂相关系数（R）≥0.996 5,具有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.157～2.561μg/kg、定量限为0.523～5.650μg/kg。17种塑化剂的平均加标回收率为75.68%～98.56%;精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.125%～10.25%。该方法具有操作简单、高效、检出限低、精密度、准确度良好的特点,适用于不同品种白酒中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的快速检测。     

白酒中两种常见塑化剂快速定量方法的研究

根据2011年6月卫生部签发的551号文件《卫生部办公厅官员通报食品及食品添加剂中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质最大残留量的函》[1]规定,建立了气相色谱-质谱同时测定白酒中相关塑化剂含量的检测方法。特别对影响白酒样品中塑化剂提取的各种因素和多种前处理方法进行比较,并进行优化处理,最终使本方法能够快速准确测定白酒中的塑化剂含量,具有准确度高、操作简便、成本低等优点。试验结果显示,在S/N=10条件下,DBP、DEHP的定量下限分别为0.04mg/L、0.03mg/L,平均加标回收率为94.4%~108.3%,精密度试验R SD均小于6%,满足常规定量分析要求。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定儿童用品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境雌激素

建立了采用快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱/质谱(ASE-GC-MS)测定儿童用品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)环境雌激素的含量的分析方法。样品以正己烷为溶剂,在温度为90℃条件下,使用ASE萃取,毛细管柱HP-5 MS(30m,0.25mm×0.25μm)分离,采用选择离子(SIM)进行定量分析。17种环境雌激素在线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,且相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;方法的检出限为:除邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯为0.5 mg/kg,其余均为0.05 mg/kg,定量限:除邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯为1.0 mg/kg,其余均为0.1 mg/kg,实际样品加标回收率范围为77.8%~109.9%,方法的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.1%~7.2%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于儿童用品中17种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)环境雌激素的含量的分析测定。     

气质联用法测定市售白酒中18种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量

为了进一步了解市售白酒中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的污染水平,本文随机抽检了市售的33件白酒样品,采用气质联用法(GC-MS)检测了常见的18种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的含量。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DPP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)均有不同程度的检出,其检出率分别为30.3%、18.2%、84.8%和45.4%。DBP的检出含量分布在1.00～5.60 mg/kg之间,DEHP的含量在2 mg/kg左右。本方法中DINP的检出限为9.0 mg/kg,其余17种塑化剂的检出限为0.5 mg/kg,方法的加标回收率为85.6%～110%。因此,市场上在售的白酒中仍然存在塑化剂的污染风险,可能原因是由于其在生产或储存过程中迁移到白酒中。本研究可为食品中有害因子的风险监测提供参考。     

气相色谱/质谱联用法测定烟用水基型乳胶中的邻苯二甲酸酯

为测定烟用水基型乳胶中的邻苯二甲酸酯,用加有内标物质的正己烷溶液对乳胶样品进行了超声萃取,并采用气相色谱/质谱/选择离子监测法(GC/MS/SIM)测定了144个样品中的7种邻苯二甲酸酯:邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP).结果表明:①样品中加入2 mL水,超声30 min萃取效果较好;②在标准溶液浓度范围内,7种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性均较好,相关系数达到0.996以上;③低、中、高3种浓度的加标回收率在85% ～ 111%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%;④当前国内烟用水基胶中使用的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂主要集中在D1BP,DBP两种.     

Determination of phthalate esters in cosmetics by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and mass spectrometric detection

A gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and mass spectrometric detection (MSD) method was developed to determine the six kinds of phthalate esters [dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP)] in cosmetics (solid, cream and liquid cosmetics). The cosmetics were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic and then separated with high-speed centrifugation. The upper clear layer was dried and filtered through a 0.45 mum pore diameter filter. The filtrate was injected into GC-FID/GC-MS for detection. GC-FID chromatogram was applied for qualitative analysis, external standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Confirmation of phthalate presence was undertaken by GC-EI-MS. The recovery range of all phthalates were between 92.0 and 110.0% with relative standard deviations between 1.95 and 5.92%. The low detection limits of the method were: 0.1 ng for DMP, DEP, DBP and BBP, 0.5 ng for DEHP and DOP. The method had advantages of high precision and sensitivity, simplicity of pretreatment. The method can be used to test the six kinds of phthalate esters in cosmetics.     

Determination of phthalate esters in non-alcoholic beverages by GC–MS and optimization of the extraction conditions

A quantificational method for 7 phthalate esters in non-alcoholic beverages was developed. Dimethyl phthalate, di-ethyl phthalate, di-propyl phthalate (DPP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-octyl phthalate (DOP) were extracted from non-alcoholic beverages with the optimized solid-phase extraction method, and quantification was achieved by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with isotope internal standard of d₄-di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP-d₄). The inter-day method repeatability (RSD) was 8–13 %, whereas the intra-day method repeatability (RSD) was 9–15 %. The mean spiking recoveries were 84–105 %. A wide variety of phthalate concentrations was observed in 48 non-alcoholic beverages. DEHP was the most abundant phthalate compound followed by DBP, DPP, and DOP. DEHP was found in sport drinks (0.015–0.098 mg L^?1), tea (0.016–0.123 mg L^?1), coffee (0.028–0.159 mg L^?1), and fruit juices (0.022–0.126 mg L^?1).     

应用气相色谱模拟分离软件快速检测火腿肠及肠衣中的塑化剂

利用气相色谱模拟分离软件,测定火腿肠及其肠衣中的塑化剂邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯的含量。对比超声 提取和索式提取2 种前处理方法对样品中塑化剂的提取效果,确定了程序升温条件,采用外标法定量。结果表明： 6 种标准物质的标准曲线R2为0.996 7～0.998 8,最小检出限为0.04 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为5.0%～9.3%;索式提取 法的提取效果更显著,某些火腿肠和火腿肠肠衣中含有高含量的生殖致癌物邻苯二甲酸酯类物质。     

反相液相色谱法测定膏状香精中邻苯二甲酸酯类

采用反相液相色谱法研究了膏状香精中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁基酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)4种邻苯二甲酸酯的萃取条件。利用正交实验对影响萃取总量的3个主要因素(正己烷用量、超声时间、水浴温度)进行了优化,确定了萃取的最佳条件:正己烷用量10mL,超声时间25min,水浴温度15℃。结果表明,该分析条件下,样品猪骨膏、牛肉膏的加标回收率为90%~94%。用乙腈-水等梯度洗脱(75∶25),4种PAEs分离较好,在0.5~20mg/L之间,色谱峰面积与4种邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度呈现良好的线性关系。     

Development and application of a method for analysis of phthalates in ham sausages by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was developed and successfully applied for the determination of phthalates in ham sausage migrated from packaging film. The phthalates studied were dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) , with dibutyl adipate (DBA) as internal standard. The sample pre-treatments included extraction with n-hexane, solvent evaporation and reconstitution with acetonitrile before and after solid-phase extraction (SPE). The extraction and cleaning up procedure was carried out with cartridges containing dimethyl butylamine groups, which showed extraction efficiencies over 87.3%. The calibration curves obtained were linear with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The method proved to be accurate and precise for the six phthalates used. It was successfully applied to a study on the migration of phthalates from packaging PVC film into ham sausage.     

超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱法检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了超低温冷冻除脂-气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测食用植物油中21种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的新方法。样品用乙腈提取,经超低温(-80℃)冷冻10 min除脂,再经减压浓缩,以正己烷复溶,采用GC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行测定。结果表明,在考察浓度范围(1~1000 ng/mL)内21种PAEs均呈现良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.10~8.52 μg/kg,定量限为0.32~28.40 μg/kg,加标回收率为74.31%~116.62%,相对标准偏差为1.21%~17.82%。对市售7类19个油样的抽样检测,显示邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-丁氧基)乙酯(DBEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正庚酯(DHP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)共9种PAEs被检出,其中DMP、DBP、DBEP、DHP和DEHP检出率均大于90%,含量范围为105.57~2156.76 μg/kg。该方法操作简便,成本低,可用于食用植物油中PAEs的有效测定。     

Determination of phthalate diesters in foods

Methodology for the determination of 15 phthalate diesters (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diisopropyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, and di-n-decyl phthalate) is described. The method was validated in-house and its broad applicability demonstrated by the analysis of high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-protein foodstuffs as well as combinations of all three major food constituents. Following on from the analysis of the 20 UK Total Diet Study samples, 261 foodstuffs were purchased and tested for their phthalate levels. Phthalate diesters were confirmed to be present in 77 samples. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most frequently detected (66 samples), although the highest levels found were for the isomeric mixture diisononyl phthalate. Additional studies confirmed that, for some foodstuffs, packaging materials did contribute to the phthalate diester concentration in the foodstuff and one example is presented.     

Comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from house dust in China and the United States

Because of volatilization and leaching from their application in consumer and personal care products, phthalate esters are ubiquitous contaminants in the indoor environment. In this study, we measured concentrations and profiles of 9 phthalate esters in indoor dust samples collected from six cities in China (n = 75). For comparison, we also analyzed samples collected from Albany, New York, USA (n = 33). The results indicated that concentrations, except for dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and profiles of phthalate esters varied significantly between the two countries. Concentrations of diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DNHP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP) were 5 to 10 times higher in dust samples collected from Albany than those from the Chinese cities. In contrast, concentrations of di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP) in dust samples from Albany were 5 times lower than those from the Chinese cities. We estimated the daily intake (DI) of phthalate esters through the routes of dust ingestion and dermal dust absorption. The extent of contribution of indoor dust to human exposures varied, depending on the type of phthalate esters. The contribution of dust to DEHP exposure was 2-5% and 10-58% of the estimated total DIs in China and the USA, respectively. On the basis of the estimates of total DIs of phthalates, extrapolated from urinary metabolite concentrations, the contributions of inhalation, dermal absorption, and dietary intake to total DIs were estimated. The results indicated that dietary intake is the main source of exposure to DEHP (especially in China), whereas dermal exposure was a major source for DEP. This is the first study to elucidate sources of human exposure to phthalates among the general population in China.     

Phthalate esters in human milk: concentration variations over a 6-month postpartum time

The present study investigated the levels of phthalate esters in a total of 86 human milk samples collected among 21 breast-feeding mothers over a 6-month postpartum time. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the predominant ester with the arithmetic mean value of 222 ng g(-1) (range: 156-398 ng g(-1), 95% confidence limit), followed by dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 0.87 (range: 0.62-1.2) ng g(-1). Diethyl phthalate (DEP), with a mean of 0.31 ng g(-1), was detected in only a small number of samples. Weak correlations between lipid content and levels of phthalate esters were observed. The levels of phthalate esters in human milk fluctuated over the 6-month period; this may indicate a need for multiple sample collection, to calculate average concentrations over the feeding period. Multiple sample collection would provide a better estimate of the exposure of breast-fed infants to phthalate in human milk. For infants relying on breast-feeding, the mean daily intake over the first 6-month period considering a 7 kg infant consuming 750 g of milk was estimated at 167 microg d(-1) for DEHP and less than 1 microg d(-1) for DBP and DEP. While the nutritional and social benefits of breast-feeding are well established, the potential transfer of phthalate esters from mothers to breast-fed infants should also be recognized.